World Health Organization

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-164

The Executive Board of the World Health Organization met in Geneva for its second session from October 25 to November 11, 1948. Some of the more important matters considered from an agenda which comprised more than seventy items included: 1) allocation of $100,000 for an extensive research program on tuberculosis; 2) approval of the report of a committee of experts on venereal disease recommending the large-scale use of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis and calling for WHO to stimulate penicillin production and distribution; 3) authorization to the WHO Director-General to create a Bureau of Medical Supplies to coordinate information and to advise governments on questions concerning the procurement of essential drugs, biological products, and medical equipment; 4) allocation of nearly $1,500,000 for the purpose of giving more direct aid to governments in all parts of the world in the form of field demonstrations and the provision of fellowships for medical and public health personnel; 5) approval of research along lines suggested by the International Congress of Mental Health, including comparative studies, surveys and demonstrations in that field; 6) appointment of Lt. Col. Chandra Mani (India) as director of the WHO Regional Office for South East Asia which was to be established early in 1949 in New Delhi, and 7) authorization to the WHO Director-General to sign a working agreement with the Pan American Sanitary Organization to serve as the WHO regional organization for the Western Hemisphere as soon as fourteen of the twenty-one American republics had completed ratification of the WHO Constitution. The next session of the Executive Board was scheduled for February 21, 1949, also in Geneva.

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-548

On March 22, 1949 Costa Rica ratified the constitution of the World Health Organization and on April 13 WHO was joined by Honduras, thus bringing the membership of the organization to 61.The agreement by which the Pan American Sanitary Organization became the regional office for WHO in the western hemisphere was signed on May 24, 1949 in Washington by Dr. Brock Chisholm, Director General of WHO and Dr. Fred L. Soper, Director of the Pan American Sanitary Office. Under the agreement the office was to adopt and promote health and sanitary conventions and programs in the western hemisphere provided they were “compatible with the policy and programs of the World Health Organization and are separately financed.”


1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133

From June 1 to 8, 1951 the World Health Organization Executive Board met for its eighth session in Geneva under the chairmanship of Professor Jacques Parisot. Action taken at this session included authorization of the establishment of a regional organization for Africa, a request that the Director-General (Chisholm) contact member states in Europe concerning establishment of a central regional office in Geneva and immediate constitution of a regional organization, and appointment of a regional director for the western Pacific.


1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  

The Executive Board of the World Health Organization (WHO) held its 21st session in Geneva, January 14–28, 1958, under the chairmanship of Sir John Charles. After discussing in detail the Director-General's proposed program of activities and budget estimates for 1959, the Board endorsed the Director-General's effective working budget of$14, 287, 600. It was suggested that in preparing the 1960 budget a greater percentage of the total expenditure should be set aside for strengthening the technical services at headquarters. In pursuance of WHO's policy of complete malaria eradication, the Director-General had drawn up a detailed program covering the operations for the following five years. Noting that the total resources available in the malaria eradication special account amounted to $5,112,000, and that the estimated expenditure for 1958 alone was $5,058,000, the Board expressed the hope that governments able to do so would make voluntary contributions to the account and requested the Director-General to take the necessary steps, including adequate publicity, to obtain additional funds, whether from governmental or from private sources.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-734
Author(s):  
Socrates Litsios

Brock Chisholm, director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the early 1950s, was heard to say that “one cultural anthropologist [Cora Du Bois] was worth one hundred malaria teams.” Paul Russell, the leading malariologist at the time, responded (privately in his diary) that Chisholm’s remark was the sort that “one might expect from a psychiatrist planning a world health program.” George Foster reported that Du Bois “was completely disgusted with” her stay at WHO. “They never asked her to do anything. She never followed up.” Chisholm was not the only one who appreciated her contribution to the work of WHO; other WHO programs and offices would have welcomed her contribution. However, by operating out of WHO’s South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO), she found herself isolated with little chance of her work being reviewed favorably, i.e., the “wrong place.”


Author(s):  
Edi Ribut Harwanto

World Health Organization (WHO) Director General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus officially announced the Corona virus (Covid 19) as a pandemic on Wednesday, March 11, 2020, so the world community and countries of the world were excited and asked to take steps prevention measures according to the health protocol established by WHO. The WHO reason is that prevention needs to be carried out by world countries, because the Corona Covid 19 Virus pandemic is an infectious disease that spreads easily from human to human in various parts of the world. I do not know, from where the source of this corona virus appears and infects and exposes the virus so that it becomes pandamic and kills many people in the countries of the world so quickly. Citing Worldometers website data, Tuesday (2/6/2020), the number of confirmed cases of corona virus infection globally is 6,358,294 (6.36 million) cases. Meanwhile, the number of deaths recorded was 377,031 cases. While the number of patients recovered as many as 2,888,571 (2.89 million) people. The number of active cases is 3,092,692 (3.09 million) cases, with 3,039,290 (3.04 million) in mild conditions, and 53,402 in serious conditions. Furthermore, the global tragedy to follow up and respond to the insistence of the WHO world health organization, the Indonesian state took anticipatory steps with the congressional movement starting on April 13, 2020, through the President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo expressly announcing and establishing and stating that the Covid 19 Virus is as a non-natural national disaster spreading Corona Virus Diseasses 2019 (Covid 19) as a national disaster.  In order to prevent the exposure or the strongest Covid 19 virus to the people of Indonesia, the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2020, and Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 concerning the implementation of the related large-scale Social Restrictions (hurud b), Article 49 Paragraph (3) and Article 59 of Law Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Qulity. Indonesia did not want to bother, and asked WHO, the results of the Corona Covid 19 virus were accepted, but were more focused on handling the corona virus in the country. Meanwhile, developed countries such as America, Britain, Australia, opposed cool in an opinion war against China, which is associated with several countries Corona Virus came and began to plague in Wuhan, China using the source of infectious diseases through the bat virus. America, can receive that information, namely the President of the United States Donald Trump, accepts anger and sulking, and even has evidence of the results of his intelligence reports related to it, the Corona virus is actually not a virus transmitted from a bat virus to humans, but Donald Trump's presumption , that's the corona virus, originating from chemical laboratories in Wuhan China, which leaked and infected humans and eventually became a plague of infectious viruses throughout the world. Latest information, Britain, Australia, America will file a claim for compensation to the Chinese state through a lawsuit to the International Criminal Court (ICC).  Furthermore, to support the objectives of this study, the paradigm used in this study is the post-positivism paradigm. The post-positivism paradigm wants to prove everything is based on reality (which can be built based on experience, observation), the researcher is neutral towards the object of research, even though the researcher holding this paradigm remains neutral towards the object of research, but he wants to examine what actually happened from things the thing that seems certain. The post-positivism paradigm ontologically conceptualizes reality as it really is, but it is realized that there are actually many factors that influence that reality. Consequently, ontologically the post-positivism paradigm conceptualizes the law as a set of rules that apply in society whose behavior will be influenced by factors (economic, political, cultural, etc.). Epistemologically, researchers sit themselves impersonal, separate from the object of research. The researcher's position on the object of research is neutral and impartial.


2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1019
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Burci

The election of the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General is governed by its Constitution in Article 31. Candidates must be appointed by the Health Assembly on the nomination of the Executive Board. Unlike other international organizations in which the decision-making process is largely informal—such as the IAEA and WTO—the WHO procedures were formalized in the 1990s to include: clear deadlines; an initial screening of all candidates; short-listing by secret ballot in case of more than five candidates; compulsory secret ballot voting both in the Board and the Assembly; and a limit of two terms of office of five years each. However, beginning in 2006, some regional groups strongly demanded the introduction of a compulsory rotation of the post of Director-General among the WHO’s regions. The equally strong rejection of that request by other regional groups led to an increasingly polarized debate in the governing bodies of the WHO.


1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-594

From May 20 to 30, 1953, the Executive Board of the World Health Organization met in Geneva in its twelfth session. For the most part, the Board considered decisions of the Sixth World Health Assembly. One of the major problems was that of technical discussions at Assemblies. The Sixth World Health Assembly having requested the Executive Board to study the matter of organization and conduct of technical discussion at future Assemblies, in the light of recommendations made during that Assembly, the Board made a number of relevant decisions. Among them were the following: the topic for the discussions at the Seventh Assembly should be public-health problems in rural areas, the discussions should be continued on an informal basis and should be limited to a total period of not more than two working days, and the Director-General was requested to take appropriate action to prepare the technical discussions in accordance with this decision. The entire question of technical discussions at subsequent Assemblies was to be considered by the Board at its thirteenth session.


1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-542 ◽  

Program and organization were the most important questions discussed at the First Assembly of the World Health Organization, which was held in Geneva from June 24 to July 24, 1948. Dr. Andrija Stampar (Yugoslavia), who had been chairman of the Interim Commission, was elected president by acclamation. An Executive Board of eighteen members representing the following countries was chosen: Australia, Brazil, Byelorussia, Ceylon, China, Egypt, France, India, Iran, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Union of South Africa, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, and Yugoslavia. A system was adopted whereby the Board Members would draw by lot for the duration of their terms of office. Dr. Brock Chisholm (Canada) was elected Director-General of the organization, which had a membership of 52 countries.


1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-398

The Seventh World Health Assembly met in Geneva from May 4 to 21, 1954, and elected Dr. J. N. Togba (Liberia) as its president. The Director-General of the World Health Organization (Candau) in presenting his report on the work of WHO in 1953, emphasized the “prolonged and extremely grave” financial difficulties of the organization, and noted the adverse effect that curtailment of WHO projects was likely to have on the confidence of member governments in WHO. If WHO were to continue a favorable course of development along lines of more long-term projects, Dr. Candau stated, a more stable financial arrangement would have to be made. The Assembly commended the Director-General for the work performed, approved the manner in which the activities of WHO were carried forward in 1953, and commended the Executive Board for the work it had performed.


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