scholarly journals Pawning in German Working-Class Life Before the First World War

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Christian Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Working Class ◽  
First World War ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
World War ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This essay looks at the patterns of pawning in Germany in the decades preceding the First World War. It tries to present pawning and thus also the economy of nineteenth-century working-class households in a new light. Contrary to the generally accepted view of social historians, it is unlikely that pawning served to secure the proletarian household in periods of real hardship. There is much evidence that pawning was only considered when it seemed very likely that the borrower would be able to redeem the pledge in due course. It was therefore part of a rather stable economic situation. Insecurity of prospects persuaded people to refrain from pawning. Pawnshops thrived not on working-class destitution, but on the very modest “affluence” proletarian families were able to achieve in the era of industrialization. The striking differences between the patterns of pawning in Germany and in Great Britain therefore point to significant differences in proletarian standards of living between the two societies in question.

‘Not appreciated in Worthing?’ Class expression and popular song texts in mid-nineteenth-century Britain

Popular Music ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vic Gammon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
First World War ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Song Texts

Recent research shows that the English folksong collectors, who were active before the First World War, systematically selected what they took down from rural working-class singers, basing their selection on what they considered to be worth preserving from such singers' repertories. Their work, then, can only give us a biased and highly mediated impression of popular singing traditions (see Harker 1972 and 1982; Gammon 1980). The purpose of this article is to see if it is possible to go beyond the work of the collectors, to try to grasp something of the wholeness of popular nineteenth-century singing traditions, and also to situate those traditions socially.

The Posthumous Lives of Thomas Muir

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter examines the ways in which Thomas Muir was used by political activists, historians and writers in both Great Britain and Australia in the centuries following his death. It analyses Muir's posthumous lives as a case study of how, when and why revolutionary figures of the 1790s have become politically usable. It discusses three important contexts that help explain both revived interest in Muir and changed interpretations of his political significance: one was provided by two global conflicts, the First World War and the ‘age of revolutions’ between 1790 and 1848; the other was provided by the success of the Labour movement in the West of Scotland. The chapter shows how the transnational dimension of Muir's life has been at least partially recovered and his legacy shaped and deployed by an emerging Australian nationalism from the end of the nineteenth century.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Timothy Bowman ◽  
William Butler ◽  
Michael Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Marked Disparity ◽  
Volunteer Force ◽  
First World

Previous works, notably by David Fitzpatrick, have stressed the concept of a ‘collective sacrifice’ in Ireland during the First World War. However, it is clear that, in Ireland, there was a marked disparity of sacrifice. Disparities are clear between Ulster and the South and West of Ireland, urban and rural Ireland and between Ireland and Great Britain. Much of the recruitment in Ireland was heavily politicised, especially in the opening months of the war, relying on the Irish National Volunteers and Ulster Volunteer Force. While in GB ‘Pals’ units mobilised skilled working class and middle class recruits, remarkably few of these were formed in Ireland. British Dominion Forces contained many of those who could be considered Irish; however, very few, if any, of these men were recruited in Ireland itself. British recruiting propaganda remained amateurish until the Summer of 1918.

The Strange Radicalism of Thomas Carnduff and St John Ervine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connal Parr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
First World War ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Abbey Theatre ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

St John Ervine and Thomas Carnduff were born in working-class Protestant parts of Belfast in the 1880s, though Ervine would escape to an eventually prosperous existence in England. Orangeism, the politics of early twentieth-century Ireland, the militancy of the age—and the involvement of these writers in it—along with Ervine’s journey from ardent Fabian to reactionary Unionist, via his pivotal experiences managing the Abbey Theatre and losing a leg in the First World War, are all discussed. Carnduff’s own tumultuous life is reflected through his complicated Orange affiliation, gut class-consciousness, poetry, unpublished work, contempt for the local (and gentrified) Ulster artistic scene, and veneration of socially conscious United Irishman James Hope. It concludes with an assessment of their respective legacies and continuing import.

Parallel lives or interconnected histories? Anagarika Dharmapala and Muhammad Barkatullah's ‘world religioning’ in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Samee Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Parallel Lives ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First World

Abstract This article compares the ideas, connections, and projects of two South Asian figures who are generally studied separately: the Indian pan-Islamist Muhammad Barkatullah (1864–1927) and the Sinhalese Buddhist reformer Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1934). In doing so, I argue that we can understand these two figures in a new light, by recognizing their mutual connections as well as the structural similarities in their thought. By focusing on their encounters and work in Japan, this article demonstrates how Japan—particularly after defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905—had become a significant site for inter-Asian conversations about world religions. Importantly, exploring the projects of Barkatullah and Dharmapala makes visible the fact that, from the late nineteenth century until the outbreak of the First World War, religion played a central role—alongside nationalism, race, and empire—in conversations about the possible futures of the international order.

THE BRITISH MANDATE AND THE UPRISING OF 1920 IN IRAQ

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
S. S. Shchevelev
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

The article examines the initial period of the mandate administration of Iraq by Great Britain, the anti-British uprising of 1920. The chronological framework covers the period from May 1916 to October 1921 and includes an analysis of events in the Middle East from May 1916, when the secret agreement on the division of the territories of the Ottoman Empire after the end of World War I (the Sykes-Picot agreement) was concluded before the proclamation of Faisal as king of Iraq and from the formation of the country՚s government. This period is a key one in the Iraqi-British relations at the turn of the 10-20s of the ХХ century. The author focuses on the Anglo-French negotiations during the First World War, on the eve and during the Paris Peace Conference on the division of the territory of the Ottoman Empire and the ownership of the territories in the Arab zone. During these negotiations, it was decided to transfer the mandates for Syria (with Lebanon) to the France, and Palestine and Mesopotamia (Iraq) to Great Britain. The British in Iraq immediately faced strong opposition from both Sunnis and Shiites, resulting in an anti-English uprising in 1920. The author describes the causes, course and consequences of this uprising.

scholarly journals Translations of Novels in the Romanian Culture During the Long Nineteenth Century (1794-1914): A Quantitative Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Ștefan Baghiu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second Line ◽  
World War ◽  
American Novel ◽  
East European ◽  
The First World War ◽  
French Novel ◽  
First World

This article uses quantitative methods to provide a macro perspective on translations of novels in Romanian culture during the long nineteenth century, by modifying Eric Hobsbawm’s 1789-1914 period, and using it as spanning from 1794 (the first registered local publishing of a translated novel) to 1918 (the end of the First World War). The article discusses the predominance of the French novel (almost 70% of the total of translated novels), the case of four other main competitors in the second line of translations (or the golden circle, as named in the article: German, English, Russian, and Italian), the strange case of the American novel as a transition zone, and the situation of five other groups of novels translated during the period (the atomizing agents: the East European, the Spanish, the Austrian, the Nordic, and the Asian novel).

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