Digestion trials with swine

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barlow Wood ◽  
Herbert Ernest Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Food Trough

The carrying out of digestion experiments with swine introduces difficulties of technique which are not encountered in similar work with sheep. The pig is apt to be restive under restraint and does not always take kindly to the wearing of harness. The designing of a suitable harness is not easy on account of the shape of the pig, and when confined in a metabolism cage, the animal frequently spends much of its time rubbing vigorously against the sides, thereby considerably disarranging the harness. Moreover, since the pig increases in size so rapidly, it is necessary that the fit of the harness be capable of adjustment within wide limits. A further difficulty is connected with the voracious appetite and destructiveness of the pig, so that if the experimental ration does not satisfy the hunger of the animal, the latter will often gnaw the wooden parts of the crate and will even devour its own faeces, if the degree of freedom of movement permits it to turn round. The quantitative feeding of a pig is a matter of difficulty, owing to the animal's eagerness and its habit of stepping into the food trough. Swine do not display such hardiness under confinement as do sheep, and it is therefore necessary to maintain an equable temperature in the metabolism room throughout the experiments.

Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Foot/Pedal Interface for Cycling

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Wootten ◽  
Maury L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Two Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Described is the design of a foot/pedal interface intended as a research tool in the study of overuse knee injuries in cycling. The interface enables the systematic variation of factors that may affect loads transmitted by the knee joint. It permits two degrees of freedom of movement, inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction rotations, either separately or in combination. The movement permitted by each degree of freedom can be either free or resisted by spring assemblies. Sample data were collected to demonstrate the function of the foot/pedal interface. With no spring resistance, the interface functioned as intended by allowing free movement of the foot. Significant interaction was seen between the two degrees of freedom, with more motion and a larger absolute mean occurring when both degrees of freedom were allowed simultaneously. This emphasizes the need for a multi-degree-of-freedom interface when undertaking a comprehensive study of the factors affecting loads transmitted by the knee.

Reaching, grasping and manipulation of food objects by two tree kangaroo species, Dendrolagus lumholtzi and Dendrolagus matschiei

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Iwaniuk ◽  
J. E. Nelson ◽  
T. L. Ivanco ◽  
S. M. Pellis ◽  
I. Q. Whishaw
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Grasping And Manipulation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Forelimb Movements ◽  
Dendrolagus Lumholtzi

This study examined manual dexterity and skilled limb movements in two species of tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi and D. matschiei) in order to evaluate the claim that claws are detrimental to object handling and the view that all marsupials conform to a ‘typical’ set of movements. The tree kangaroos demonstrated two main differences from previously studied species: (1) a high degree of freedom of movement of the upper forelimb; and (2) in one species (D. matschiei), some independent digital movement. The two species differed from one another in the mode of picking up food items and the type of grasp used. These differences appear to be linked to differences in feeding and foraging strategy between the two species, as well as to anatomical differences. This study indicates that marsupials do not have a common set of skilled forelimb movements and that claws do not impede prehension.

scholarly journals Prisoner Regimes and a Transnational History from Below

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Margaret Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
Enemy Combatants

Enemy combatants captured in wartime are both a potential resource for their captors and a logistical and security nightmare. This has long been reflected in their treatment. Over the centuries, captured enemy combatants have been sold as slaves (or simply used as slave labour), forced to switch sides, ransomed for money, swapped for other prisoners, physically maimed to ensure they could no longer fight, starved to death, imprisoned under abysmal conditions, or outright massacred. And yet, surprisingly, at other times (including in the period covered by this book), most prisoners of war – though not, as Morieux shows, all – have not only had a protected status but, especially in the case of officers, been allowed a degree of freedom of movement that seems extraordinary by modern-day standards.

scholarly journals MODELING IN MSC ADAMS/VIEW AS MODERN APPROACH TO MECHANISM DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Darina Hroncová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Freedom Of Movement

The paper deals with the kinematic analysis of a pressure mechanism. It is a four-member mechanism. The mechanism transforms rotational motion into translational motion. It has one degree of freedom of movement. The position and speed of the piston, the magnitude of the force in the spring and the angle of the arm of the drive member at different values of the load of the drive member are determined. The task is solved using the program MSC Adams / View. The result of the simulation is the calculated trajectory of the movement of the selected point of the mechanism. The trajectory is shown in graphical form

Approximating power for significance tests with one degree of freedom.

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Dunlap ◽  
Leann Myers
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Significance Tests

New walls to keep the bad out: populism and the totalitarian psyche

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Coline Covington
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Psychic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cold War

The Berlin Wall came down on 9 November 1989 and marked the end of the Cold War. As old antagonisms thawed a new landscape emerged of unification and tolerance. Censorship was no longer the principal means of ensuring group solidarity. The crumbling bricks brought not only freedom of movement but freedom of thought. Now, nearly thirty years later, globalisation has created a new balance of power, disrupting borders and economies across the world. The groups that thought they were in power no longer have much of a say and are anxious about their future. As protest grows, we are beginning to see that the old antagonisms have not disappeared but are, in fact, resurfacing. This article will start by looking at the dissembling of a marriage in which the wall that had peacefully maintained coexistence disintegrates and leads to a psychic development that uncannily mirrors that of populism today. The individual vignette leads to a broader psychological understanding of the totalitarian dynamic that underlies populism and threatens once again to imprison us within its walls.

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