Chick Rearing III. The effect of diet on vitamin A, xanthophyll and carotene metabolism

Evidence is presented, based on feeding tests, that vitamin A metabolism is adversely affected when meat meal having a vitamin A consuming power in vitro is included in the diet of chicks.Evidence is presented, based on feeding tests, that when fish meal having no vitamin A consuming power in vitro is fed to chicks in a basal ration which produces negligible mortality, the addition of such fish meal to the ration does not appreciably increase mortality.Evidence is presented, based on feeding tests, that when fish meal having a vitamin A consuming power in vitro is fed to chicks in a basal ration which produces negligible mortality, the addition of such fish meal to the ration causes appreciable mortality.

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Protein quality of insects as potential ingredients for dog and cat foods

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2014.23 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Guido Bosch ◽

Sheng Zhang ◽

Dennis G. A. B. Oonincx ◽

Wouter H. Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Fish Meal ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Protein Source ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Meat Meal ◽

Pet Owner ◽

Mealworm Larvae

AbstractInsects have been proposed as a high-quality, efficient and sustainable dietary protein source. The present study evaluated the protein quality of a selection of insect species. Insect substrates were housefly pupae, adult house cricket, yellow mealworm larvae, lesser mealworm larvae, Morio worm larvae, black soldier fly larvae and pupae, six spot roach, death's head cockroach and Argentinean cockroach. Reference substrates were poultry meat meal, fish meal and soyabean meal. Substrates were analysed for DM, N, crude fat, ash and amino acid (AA) contents and for in vitro digestibility of organic matter (OM) and N. The nutrient composition, AA scores as well as in vitro OM and N digestibility varied considerably between insect substrates. For the AA score, the first limiting AA for most substrates was the combined requirement for Met and Cys. The pupae of the housefly and black soldier fly were high in protein and had high AA scores but were less digestible than other insect substrates. The protein content and AA score of house crickets were high and similar to that of fish meal; however, in vitro N digestibility was higher. The cockroaches were relatively high in protein but the indispensable AA contents, AA scores and the in vitro digestibility values were relatively low. In addition to the indices of protein quality, other aspects such as efficiency of conversion of organic side streams, feasibility of mass-production, product safety and pet owner perception are important for future dog and cat food application of insects as alternative protein source.

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Vitamin A metabolism: α-Tocopherol modulates tissue retinol levels in vivo, and retinyl palmitate hydrolysis in vitro

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics ◽

10.1016/0003-9861(84)90100-0 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 230 (1) ◽

pp. 194-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Joseph L. Napoli ◽

Anne M. McCormick ◽

Brian O'Meara ◽

Edward A. Dratz

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism

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Vitamin A Metabolism is Altered in Brown Norway and Long-Evans Rats Infused with Naftidrofuryl or Erythromycin Intravenously

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.72.4.210 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 210-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rainer Schindler ◽

Tanja Fielenbach ◽

Gerhard Rave ◽

Anne Blömer ◽

Richard Kellersmann

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Time Course ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Brown Norway ◽

Retinyl Ester ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism ◽

Long Evans

Enzymatic retinyl ester hydrolysis is a key reaction for maintaining cellular retinol homeostasis. The ability of naftidrofuryl and erythromycin to inhibit retinol liberation by retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) in vitro suggests an ability to interfere with vitamin A metabolism in vivo, particularly during hepatic processing. To address this question, systemic and local response to these agents were studied in Brown Norway (BN) and Long-Evans (LE) rats. The study was conducted in two parts: a drug-loading phase and a washout phase. Analysis of variance of the time course changes in plasma retinol during the post-treatment period (Days 10–18) showed rat strain (p < 0.04) and time (p < 0.001; strain-by-time interactive effect, p < 0.001) to be significant factors, but drug exposure (p = 0.19) was not significant. Endpoints included hepatic REH activity, size and composition of the liver vitamin A stores, and retinoid content of the kidneys. Rats recovering from naftidrofuryl dosing demonstrated a lower REH activity than did animals recovering from erythromycin treatment (p < 0.009). The major side effect of erythromycin is vitamin A accumulation in the liver (p < 0.001) and reductions in retinol reserves (p < 0.02) were among the consequences of naftidrofuryl treatment. In the kidney of LE rats, there were higher concentrations of vitamin A (p < 0.003) secondary to naftidrofuryl exposure. Together our data suggest that clinically achievable concentrations of the drugs, given as a continuous infusion, produce aberrations in vitamin A metabolism.

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A note on the digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in meat, skimmed-milk and fish meals in young pigs

Animal Production ◽

10.1017/s0003356100003962 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 237-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Green

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Live Weight ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Young Pigs ◽

Meat Meal ◽

Amino Acid Consumption ◽

Acid Consumption ◽

Skimmed Milk

In order to compare the digestibilities of amino acids in meat, skimmed-milk and fish meals, isonitrogenous, semi-purified diets containing these foodstuffs were given to five castrated male pigs, of 13 kg live weight, with ileo-rectal anastomoses. Apparent digestibilities were calculated as (amino acid consumption —Heal digesta amino acids)Iamino acid consumption. In the order, meat, milk and fish meal, digestibilities were: of N, 0·80, 0·84, 0·88 (s.e.d. 0·021); of lysine, 0·84, 0·94, 0·94 (s.e.d. 0·011); of threonine, 0·81, 0·86, 0·91 (s.e.d. 0·017); of methionine, 0-86, 0·94, 0·94 (s.e.d. 0·006). In vitro solubility of N in 0·2 gll solution of pepsin and hydrochloric acid was 0·93 (s.e. 0·003) for meat, 0·97 (s.e. 0·001) for milk, and 0·95 (s.e. 0·001) for fish meal. In conclusion, the digestibilities of essential amino acids were greater in the milk and fish meals, than in the meat meal.

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Altered Expression of Genes Involved in Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism, Solute Transportation, and Cytoskeletal Function in the Androgen-Insensitive Tfm Mouse Testis

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2006-1412 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 148 (6) ◽

pp. 2914-2924 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

P. J. O’Shaughnessy ◽

M. Abel ◽

H. M. Charlton ◽

B. Hu ◽

H. Johnston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Developmental Study ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Cytoskeletal Function ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Androgens are essential for the development and maintenance of spermatogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms of androgen action in the testis remain unclear. To help clarify these mechanisms, gene expression was measured in testes of pubertal (20 d old), androgen-insensitive, testicular feminized (Tfm) mice and in normal controls. Using microarrays (Affymetrix chips 430A and 430B), initial data identified a large number of genes down-regulated in the Tfm testis (>4700). These genes were largely of germ cell origin, reflecting the arrest of spermatogenesis that is apparent in the 20-d-old Tfm testis. Subsequent screening in vitro and in silico of this gene set identified 20 genes of a somatic tubular origin that were significantly down-regulated in the Tfm testis and six genes that were significantly up-regulated. Altered expression of these genes was confirmed by real-time PCR, and genes down-regulated in the Tfm testis were shown to be up-regulated in testes of hypogonadal (hpg) mice treated with androgen. In a developmental study using real-time PCR most of the regulated genes showed normal expression during fetal and neonatal development and deviated from control only between 10 and 20 d. In all cases, expression was also reduced in the adult, although interpretation is more complex because of the inherent cryptorchidism in the adult Tfm mouse. Of the total number of somatic genes showing differential expression in the Tfm testis, 50% were associated with three separate groups of genes involved in regulation of vitamin A metabolism, solute transportation, and cytoskeletal function. Thus, effects of androgens on tubular function and spermatogenesis may be mediated in part through regulation of the tubular environment and control of retinoic acid concentrations.

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An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound healing

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000692 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Hoda Keshmiri Neghab ◽

Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar ◽

Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Endothelial Cell ◽

Vitamin A ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Endothelial Cell Migration ◽

Normal Fibroblast ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Vitro Model

Abstract. Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inﬂammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1–5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inﬂammation responses.

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