Take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and yield of wheat grown after ley and arable rotations in relation to the occurrence of Phialophora radicicola var. graminicola

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Slope ◽  
R. D. Prew ◽  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
Judith Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Bio Assay ◽  
Take All

SUMMARYThe Rothamsted ley–arable experiments were on two fields with similar soils but with contrasting previous cropping: old grass on Highfield, old arable on Fosters field. Damage by take-all (Qaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) occurred sooner in successive wheat crops grown after a lucerne ley and arable sequence (LU) than after a grass-clover ley and arable sequence (LC). On Highfield the difference was consistent and large, it occurred as soon as a second wheat crop was grown and resulted in wheat yielding 1 t/ha less after the LU than after the LC sequence. This difference did not persist in the next wheat crop where take-all was prevalent after both sequences. On Fosters field take-all developed more slowly and differences between sequences were mostly smaller.Wheat seedling bio-assay of soil cores from the LU and LC sequences showed that little take-all fungus persisted through the leys and that soils were much infested after a first wheat crop in the LU sequence on Highfield, but not in the LC sequence on Highfield or in either sequence on Fosters field. Microscopic examination of roots from assay seedlings and from field plants showed that Phialophora radicicola var. graminicola (PRG) was most common in soils where take-all developed slowly, but our results did not show if this was a causal relationship. The occurrence of much PRG in the LU sequence on Fosters conflicts with previous reports which associate large populations of this fungus only with grassland soils.

Some effects of field history on the relationship between grass production in subterranean clover pasture, grain yield and take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) in a subsequent crop of wheat at Bannister, Western Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC MacNish ◽  
DA Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

The relationship between grass production in subterranean clover pastures with two different rotation histories and take-all in a subsequent wheat crop following barley was studied. Grass production in the pastures ranged from 0 to 1700 kg ha-1. The incidence of take-all in the wheat crop ranged from 10 to l00%, while the take-all severity percentage ranged from 4 to 99.In one rotation series (pasture 9 years; barley, barley, pasture, wheat), each kilogram increase in grass production in the last pasture year caused a 0.087% increase in the take-all severity rating. In the second series (pasture 7 years; oats, pasture 3 years; barley, wheat), each kilogram increase in grass production caused a 0.040% increase in severity. These figures are significantly different (P < 0.05). Thus the field history ranging back at least four seasons influenced the effects that grass level in the last pasture year had on take-all severity. Reductions in wheat yields ranged from 8.6 to 10.5 kg ha-1 for each 1% increase in take-all severity rating.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixing and Sieving on Incidence of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici in Field Soil

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Mac Nish
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

A bioassay was employed to compare the effect of various treatments on the level of G. graminis var. tritici inoculum in soil cores taken from a take-all patch. In a comparison of undisturbed soil and mixed soil, mixing caused a small reduction in incidence, possibly due to a dilution of the inoculum in the surface soil. Graded degrees of sieving from 5 to O� 5 mm mesh size caused a significant reduction in inoculum levels, with the latter reducing incidence to 3 % in seedlings at 4 weeks. However, it was also shown that increasingly finer sieving caused an increase in disease incidence if the seedlings were allowed to grow to maturity. It was not established whether the sieving affected the soil in such a way as to favour the pathogen, lower the resistance of the plant, or both.

scholarly journals Survival of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici in the Field Soil Stored In Controlled Environments

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Mac Nish
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

A bioassay was used to study the effect of various storage treatments on the survival of G. graminis var. tritici in soil cores removed from a take-all patch. There was no significant change in the incidence of the fungus when the soil was maintained either dry (-250 to -980 bars) and cool (15�C), or moist (-4'0 to -7,0 bars) and cool (15�C). When maintained very dry (-980 bars or less) and hot (35�C) or wet (-0'1 to -0,2 bar) and cool (15�C) there was a significant reduction in disease incidence, but considerable levels of viable fungus were still present after 45 weeks storage. Only in wet hot soil (-0'1 to -0,2 bar and 35�C) was the fungus eliminated rapidly.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici increased by nitrogen applied to soil to enhance the decomposition rate of wheat residues

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
R.F. Van_Toor ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M. Braithwaite ◽  
D. Bienkowski ◽  
W. Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Soil Inoculum ◽  
Original Mass ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici

Soil cores removed after harvest of a wheat crop infected with the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici (Ggt) were amended with nitrogen and fungal saprophytes to increase decay of crop residues and subsequently reduce soil inoculum The cores were treated with one application of 50 kg nitrogen (N) per ha Trichoderma strains or both Cores were assessed 0 2 4 and 7 months after harvest At 7 months the crop residues had decayed to a third of their original mass with the decay not influenced by the treatments DNA analysis confirmed Ggt DNA was present in the stubble stems crowns and roots The pathogenicity of Ggt was increased by N as shown by a 5 to 8fold increase in takeall severity in indicator wheat seedlings planted in the Ntreated cores 2 to 4 months after harvest compared with those without N Ggt remained viable in all treatments to infect wheat seedlings 7 months after harvest

scholarly journals Bioassay of Undisturbed Soil Cores for the Presence of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Mac Nish ◽  
RL Dodman ◽  
NT Flentje
Keyword(s):  
Main Parameter ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
The Core ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

The presence of viable G. graminis var. tritici in field soil was detected by a bioassay. Wheat seedlings were grown in undisturbed soil cores maintained under standard conditions for 4 weeks. The percentage of roots infected per core was the main parameter chosen to give an estimate of the level of G. graminis var. tritici inoculum in the core. Some variability between cores from the same site was observed, but this could be reduced by taking cores over plant remains within take-all patches. In this way, high and reasonably uniform levels of inoculum could be obtained to study the effect of various treatments on the incidence of G. graminis var. trifici.

The relationship between incidence of infection by the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), rainfall and yield of wheat in South Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Roget ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

. This paper describes results obtained from an 8-year field trial on a calcareous sandy loam in South Australia. Different crop rotations resulted in varying percentages of plants with take-all [caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt)]. The results demonstrated that in a wheat-grass/medic pasture rotation, take-all caused an average annual yield loss in wheat of 29%. These yield losses were strongly correlated with disease incidence and rainfall in September (r2 = 0.91, P = 0.07) but only moderately correlated to disease incidence alone (r2 = 0.44, P = 0.09). The level of early infection (at 10 weeks) by Ggt was influenced by spring rainfall in the previous season. A regression model was developed to predict the incidence of take-all in a wheat crop from the incidence of take-all and the August-September rainfall the previous season (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.007) for a wheat-grass/medic pasture rotation (successive host plants).

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