Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. UMEH ◽  
M. F. IVBIJARO
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Natural Insecticides ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Seed Extracts

The efficacy of insecticides derived from two local plants was tested on termites infesting maize in maize–cassava–‘Egusi’ melon intercrops in two farmers' fields in south-western Nigeria during the 1989/90 and 1990/91 cropping seasons. The intercrops consisted of 40000, 20000, and 10000 maize plants/ha, with a fixed population of 10000 plants/ha of both cassava and melon. The insecticides were aqueous extracts of ripe seeds of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and the crude seed oil of Piper guineense Schum And Thonn, each at 10% concentration at the rate of 390 litres/ha and 18 litres/ha, respectively. On the plots treated with these natural insecticides, damage by termites [Microtermes spp., Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman = nigeriensis Sjostedt and M. subhyalinus Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae)] was significantly lower and maize yields higher than on the control plots. The mean percentage of maize stems attacked by termites (considering all categories of termite damage) in untreated plots during the trials ranged between 0–22% in 1989 and 2–46% in 1990. Planting densities did not significantly influence termite attack on maize. Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

scholarly journals Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Amaka Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Milicia Excelsa ◽  
Contact Effects

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

scholarly journals In vitro acaricidal activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against Rhipicephalus microplus

2011 ◽  
Vol 181 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giglioti ◽  
M.R. Forim ◽  
H.N. Oliveira ◽  
A.C.S. Chagas ◽  
J. Ferrezini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Seed Extracts

scholarly journals Investigation of Wound Healing Potential of Azadirachta indica Seed Extract using Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Ajayi ◽  
O. B. Omolere
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Wound Treatment ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Seed Extracts

This study investigated the wound healing potential of hexane and methanolic seed extracts of Azadirachta indica using 35 wistar rats that were divided into 5 groups of 7 rats each. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the extracts were carried out while the wound healing potential was evaluated by treating the test rats with 5 % and 10 % hexane and methanol extracts in an experiment that lasted for 21 days. Wound area and percentage of wound closure of the rats were noted at four-day intervals and at 21 days, the blood and organs of the rats were subjected to haematological and histopathological analyses respectively. The extracts were found to contain tannins, glycosides and phenols and they inhibited the growth of tested organisms. All the test rats displayed better and faster healing than the control ones but there were no significant differences between their haematological and histophatological results. The seed extracts quickened the wound healing process of the rats and might therefore be useful in wound treatment.

scholarly journals Leaves, stems and seeds powder of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) used as repellent of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Marilei Naue de Souza ◽  
Alberto Cavalcanti Vitório ◽  
Augusto Tanamati ◽  
Adão Pacheco Lima ◽  
Heron De Oliveira dos Santos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Seed Extracts

<p>Sitophilus zeamais is considered one of the most important pests of stored grain. In order to search alternative methods for controlling this pest the action of neem was evaluated in laboratory (Azadirachta indica A. juss.) in the behavioral and food processes of adults of S. zeamais. In this study extracts produced from three parts of the neem tree (leaves, seeds and peels) were tested. In the verification of the extracts in relation to the repellent, three arenas formed by five plastic boxes connected by polyethylene hose were used. In the test were used 40g of corn treated with 6g of the extracts from leaves, seeds and peels of neem. The verification of the effect of the extracts studied was based on the number of present insects on the test plant (treated containers), and on the number of insects present on the control plant (untreated container). In the repellency analysis, leaves and seeds showed satisfactory results, with repellency indexes (RI) equals to 0.5 and 0.3, respectively, being characterized as repellent plant. The repellency index of the peel extract was 1.1, qualifying the plant as attractive one, to present RI &gt; 1. Therefore, the leaves and seed extracts from neem can be considered as a viable alternative for controlling the Sitophilus zeamais in stored corn.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><span>DOI:&nbsp;<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.102">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.4</a></span></p>

scholarly journals Efficiency evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and copper-ethanolamine in the protection of wood against a subterranean termite attack

Les/Wood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mbitnkeu Fetnga Tchebe ◽  
Jean-Bosco Saha Tchinda ◽  
Alexis Ngueteu Kamlo ◽  
Desiré Chimeni Yomeni ◽  
Arnaud Maxime Cheumani Yona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Blue Gum

The demand for environmentally safe preservatives for wood is increasing all around the world. This study is focused on the evaluation of the ability of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil and copper-ethanolamine to protect Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) and Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) against termites. Wood blocks were impregnated with solutions of Neem oil in acetone and/or an aqueous solution of copper-ethanolamine. Impregnated woods with a retention rate of up to 108.3 kg/m3 were obtained. A leaching experiment was used to determine the fixation of preservatives in wood. The termicidial effect of the preservatives was studied through exposure in a termitarium. Neem oil was less efficient for Sydney blue gum but showed significant protection for Ayous at a higher retention rate. At the concentration investigated, the treatment of both wood species with copper-ethanolamine solution was not suitable. However, a combination of copper-ethanolamine and Neem oil showed an improvement in the protection of Sydney blue gum wood. Nevertheless, the impregnated woods still suffered an increased termite attack after leaching.

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