Low density inhomogeneous traffic flow

The purpose of this paper is to show some statistical properties of a one-dimensional inhomogeneous flow of particles with their own constant velocities. The most interesting example of such flows is a low-density inhomogeneous road traffic flow; each vehicle drives at his own constant velocity (desired velocity), since passing is freely allowed. Therefore, to give a definite picture to the one-dimensional inhomogeneous flow of particles, the authors deal with a low-density inhomogeneous traffic flow.

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Dimensionality and Construct Validity of a Video-Based, Objective Personality Test for the Assessment of Willingness to Take Risks in Road Traffic

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.97.1.309-320 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 309-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin E. Arendasy ◽

Andreas Hergovich ◽

Markus Sommer ◽

Bettina Bognar

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Personality Test ◽

Traffic Situation ◽

One Dimensional ◽

First Results ◽

The One ◽

The Given ◽

Homeostasis Theory

The study at hand reports first results about the dimensionality and construct validity of a newly developed objective, video-based personality test, which assesses the willingness to take risks in traffic situations. On the basis of the theory of risk homeostasis developed by Wilde, different traffic situations with varying amounts of objective danger were filmed. These situations mainly consisted of situations with passing maneuvers and speed choice or traffic situations at intersections. Each of these traffic situations describes an action which should be carried out. The videos of the traffic situations are presented twice. Before the first presentation, a short written explanation of the preceding traffic situation and a situation-contingent reaction is provided. The respondents are allowed to obtain an overview of the given situations during the first presentation of each traffic situation. During the second presentation the respondents are asked to indicate at which point the action that is contingent on the described situation will become too dangerous to carry out. Latencies for items were recorded as a measure for the magnitude of the person's subjectively accepted willingness to take risks in the sense of the risk homeostasis theory by Wilde. In a study with 243 people with different education and sex, the one-dimensionality of the test corresponding to the latency model by Scheiblechner was investigated. Analysis indicated that the new measure assesses a one-dimensional latent personality trait which can be interpreted as subjectively accepted amount of risk (target risk value). First indicators for the construct validity of the test are given by a significant correlation with the construct-related secondary scale, adventurousness of the Eysenck Personality Profiler with, at the same time, nonsignificant correlations to the two secondary scales, extroversion and emotional stability, that are not linked to the construct.

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Exact statistical properties of the Burgers equation

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/s0022112000001142 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 417 ◽

pp. 323-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

L. FRACHEBOURG ◽

Ph. A. MARTIN

Keyword(s):

White Noise ◽

Large Distance ◽

Burgers Equation ◽

Higher Order ◽

Statistical Properties ◽

Inviscid Limit ◽

Initial Condition ◽

Spatial Correlations ◽

One Dimensional ◽

The One

The one-dimensional Burgers equation in the inviscid limit with white noise initial condition is revisited. The one- and two-point distributions of the Burgers field as well as the related distributions of shocks are obtained in closed analytical forms. In particular, the large distance behaviour of spatial correlations of the field is determined. Since higher-order distributions factorize in terms of the one- and two- point functions, our analysis provides an explicit and complete statistical description of this problem.

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SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY IN 1D TRAFFIC FLOW

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x96000388 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 279-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

TAKASHI NAGATANI

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Transition Probability ◽

Annihilation Process ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Traffic Jams ◽

Self Organized ◽

Stochastic Transition ◽

Self Organized Criticality ◽

The One ◽

Empty Wave

Annihilation process of traffic jams is investigated in a one-dimensional traffic flow on a highway. The one-dimensional fully asymmetric exclusion model with open boundaries for parallel update is extended to take into account stochastic transition of cars, where a car moves ahead with transition probability pt. Near pt=1, the system is driven asymptotically into a steady state exhibiting a self-organized criticality. Traffic jams with various lifetimes (or sizes) appear and disappear by colliding with an empty wave. The typical lifetime <m> of traffic jams scales as [Formula: see text], where ∆pt=1−pt. It is shown that the cumulative lifetime distribution Nm(∆pt) satisfies the scaling form [Formula: see text].

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Effects of Boundary Conditions on the Stability of Slender Viscous Fibers

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.3167573 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

W. W. Schultz ◽

S. H. Davis

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Constant Velocity ◽

Isothermal Flow ◽

Constant Force ◽

Instability Mechanism ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Draw Resonance ◽

The Stability ◽

The One ◽

Gravity Surface

The one-dimensional isothermal flow of viscous-liquid fibers displays draw resonance instability when a constant-velocity winder condition is applied. This instability is removed when a constant-force condition occurs at the winder. The instability mechanism is examined and used to explain the stability trends when the effects of gravity, surface tension, inertia, and wind stress are included.

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THE EFFECT OF OFF-RAMP ON THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATON TRAFFIC FLOW WITH OPEN BOUNDARIES

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797920402610x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 2347-2360 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

HAMID EZ-ZAHRAOUY ◽

ZOUBIR BENRIHANE ◽

ABDELILAH BENYOUSSEF

Keyword(s):

Cellular Automaton ◽

Traffic Flow ◽

Average Density ◽

Constant Current ◽

Current Phase ◽

One Dimensional ◽

First Order ◽

Open Boundaries ◽

Flow Phase ◽

The One

The effect of the position of the off-ramp (way out), on the traffic flow phase transition is investigated using numerical simulations in the one-dimensional cellular automaton traffic flow model with open boundaries using parallel dynamics. When the off-ramp is located between two critical positions ic1 and ic2 the current increases with the extracting rate β0, for β0<β0c1, and exhibits a plateau (constant current) for β0c1<β0<β0c2 and decreases with β0 for β0>β0c2. However, the density undergoes two successive first order transitions: from high density to plateau current phase at β0=β0c1; and from average density to the low one at β0=β0c2. In the case of two off-ramps located respectively at i1 and i2, these transitions occur only when i2-i1 is smaller than a critical value. Phase diagrams in the (α,β0), (β,β0) and (i1,β0) planes are established. It is found that the transitions between free traffic (FT), congested traffic (CT) and plateau current (PC) phases are of first order. The first order line transition in (i1,β0)-phase diagram terminates by an end point above which the transition disappears.

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Statistical properties of phases and delay times of the one-dimensional Anderson model with one open channel

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.61.11411 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 61 (17) ◽

pp. 11411-11415 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A. Ossipov ◽

Tsampikos Kottos ◽

T. Geisel

Keyword(s):

Anderson Model ◽

Open Channel ◽

Statistical Properties ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Delay Times ◽

The One

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Breakdown of the quasiparticle picture in the low-density limit of the one-dimensional Hubbard model

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.51.16594 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 51 (23) ◽

pp. 16594-16598 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaojin Qin ◽

Tiezheng Qian ◽

Lu Yu ◽

Zhaobin Su

Keyword(s):

Hubbard Model ◽

Low Density ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Density Limit ◽

Low Density Limit ◽

The One ◽

Quasiparticle Picture

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THE EFFECT OF DAMAGED VEHICLES EVACUATION ON TRAFFIC FLOW BEHAVIOR

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183109014862 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1989-1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ABDELAZIZ MHIRECH ◽

HAMID EZ-ZAHRAOUY ◽

ASSIA ALAOUI ISMAILI

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Traffic Flow ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Initial Density ◽

Realistic Model ◽

Collision Probability ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Parallel Dynamics ◽

The One ◽

High Initial Density

The effect of the damaged car evacuation on the traffic flow behavior is investigated, in the one-dimensional deterministic Nagel–Schreckenberg model, using parallel dynamics. A realistic model applied to the cars involved in collisions is considered. Indeed, in this model we suppose that the damaged cars must be removed from the ring with a probability P exit . This investigation enables us to understand how the combination of the two probabilities, namely P col and P exit , acts on density and current. It is found that the current and density at the steady state, depend strongly on the initial density of cars in the ring. However, for the intermediate initial density ρi, the current J decreases when increasing either P exit and/or P col . While, for high initial density, J increases passes through a maximum and decreases for large values of P exit . Furthermore, the current can decrease or increase with the collision probability depending on the initial density.

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