Dimensionality and Construct Validity of a Video-Based, Objective Personality Test for the Assessment of Willingness to Take Risks in Road Traffic

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Arendasy ◽  
Andreas Hergovich ◽  
Markus Sommer ◽  
Bettina Bognar
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Results ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Homeostasis Theory

The study at hand reports first results about the dimensionality and construct validity of a newly developed objective, video-based personality test, which assesses the willingness to take risks in traffic situations. On the basis of the theory of risk homeostasis developed by Wilde, different traffic situations with varying amounts of objective danger were filmed. These situations mainly consisted of situations with passing maneuvers and speed choice or traffic situations at intersections. Each of these traffic situations describes an action which should be carried out. The videos of the traffic situations are presented twice. Before the first presentation, a short written explanation of the preceding traffic situation and a situation-contingent reaction is provided. The respondents are allowed to obtain an overview of the given situations during the first presentation of each traffic situation. During the second presentation the respondents are asked to indicate at which point the action that is contingent on the described situation will become too dangerous to carry out. Latencies for items were recorded as a measure for the magnitude of the person's subjectively accepted willingness to take risks in the sense of the risk homeostasis theory by Wilde. In a study with 243 people with different education and sex, the one-dimensionality of the test corresponding to the latency model by Scheiblechner was investigated. Analysis indicated that the new measure assesses a one-dimensional latent personality trait which can be interpreted as subjectively accepted amount of risk (target risk value). First indicators for the construct validity of the test are given by a significant correlation with the construct-related secondary scale, adventurousness of the Eysenck Personality Profiler with, at the same time, nonsignificant correlations to the two secondary scales, extroversion and emotional stability, that are not linked to the construct.

The Vienna Risk-Taking Test - Traffic

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hergovich ◽  
Martin E. Arendasy ◽  
Markus Sommer ◽  
Bettina Bognar
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Degree Of Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Homeostasis Theory

Abstract. The study reports results regarding the dimensionality and construct validity of a newly developed, objective, video-based personality test that assesses the willingness to take risks in traffic situations. On the basis of the theory of risk homeostasis developed by Wilde, different traffic situations with varying degrees of objective danger were filmed. During the test the respondents are asked to indicate at which point the action that is contingent on the described situation will become too dangerous to carry out. Latencies at the item level were recorded as a measure for the subjectively accepted degree of a person's willingness to take risks in the sense of the risk homeostasis theory by Wilde. In a study on 274 people with different educational levels and gender, the unidimensionality of the test as corresponding to the latency model by Scheiblechner was investigated. The results indicate that the Vienna Risk-Taking Test - Traffic assesses a unidimensional, latent personality trait that can be interpreted as subjectively accepted degree of risk (target risk value).

Integration of one-dimensional equations of motions

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Gleb L. Kotkin ◽  
Valeriy G. Serbo
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Field Change ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
System A ◽  
Small Correction ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Equations Of Motions

If the potential energy is independent of time, the energy of the system remains constant during the motion of a closed system. A system with one degree of freedom allows for the determination of the law of motion in quadrature. In this chapter, the authors consider motion of the particles in the one-dimensional fields. They discuss also how the law and the period of a particle moving in the potential field change due to adding to the given field a small correction.

scholarly journals Quantitative Spectroscopy of Wolf-Rayet Stars

1988 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
W. Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Representative Point ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Expanding Atmospheres ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Continuum

Advances in theoretical modeling of rapidly expanding atmospheres in the past few years made it possible to determine the stellar parameters of the Wolf-Rayet stars. This progress is mainly due to the improvement of the models with respect to their spatial extension: The new generation of models treat spherically-symmetric expanding atmospheres, i.e. the models are one-dimensional. Older models describe the wind by only one representative point. The older models are in fact ‘core-halo’ approximations. They have been introduced by Castor and van Blerkom (1970), and were extensively employed in the past (cf. e.g. Willis and Wilson, 1978; Smith and Willis, 1982). First results from new one-dimensional model calculations are published by Hillier (1984), Schmutz (1984), Hamann (1985), Hillier (1986), and Schmutz et al. (1987a); more detailed results are presented by Schmutz and Hamann (1986), Hamann and Schmutz (1987), Hillier (1987a,b), Wessolowski et al. (1987), Hillier (1987c) and Hamann et al. (1987). These results demonstrate that the step from zero- to one-dimensional calculations is essential. The important point is that the complicated interrelation between NLTE-level populations and radiation field is treated adequately (Schmutz and Hamann, 1986; Hillier, 1987). For this interrelation it is crucial to model consistently not only the line-formation region, but also the layers where the continuum is emitted. In fact, it is the core-halo approximation that causes the one-point models to fail in certain aspects.

Uncertainty analysis of a delineated floodplain

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McBean ◽  
Jacques Penel ◽  
Kwok-Lui Siu
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Energy Equation ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Small Computer ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The One ◽  
Floodplain Delineation ◽  
Uncertainty Method ◽  
The Given ◽  
Water Profile

The delineation of floodplains involves, in most circumstances, solving the one-dimensional energy equation. However, uncertainties in the identified floodplain arise from both computational and data uncertainties; data uncertainties are concluded to be generally more significant than computational uncertainties.A method is developed to calculate the uncertainty in floodplain delineation arising from data uncertainties. The proposed method requires only HEC-2 computer output and a small computer program. Application of the method to two case studies and comparison with another uncertainty method suggest that the proposed uncertainty theory is applicable to practical situations within the given constraints. Key words: data uncertainty, floodplain, uncertainty analysis, water profile computation.

scholarly journals THE MINIMIZATION OF MOMENTS AND REACTIVE FORCES IN GRILLAGES WITH A GENETIC ALGORITHM

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Rimantas Belevičius ◽  
Darius Mačiūnas ◽  
Dmitrij Šešok
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Element Program ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

The aim of the article is to report a technology for the optimization of grillage-type foundations seeking for the least possible reactive forces in the piles for a given number of piles and in the absolute value of the bending moments when connecting beams of the grillage. Mathematically, this seems to be the global optimization problem possessing a large number of local minima points. Both goals can be achieved choosing appropriate pile positions under connecting beams; however, these two problems contradict to each other and lead to diff erent schemes for pile placement. Therefore, we suggest using a compromise objective function (to be minimized) that consists of the largest reactive force arising in all piles and that occurring in the absolute value of the bending moment when connecting beams, both with the given weights. Bending moments are calculated at three points of each beam. The design parameters of the problem are positions of the piles. The feasible space of design parameters is determined by two constraints. First, during the optimization process, piles can move only along connecting beams. Therefore, the two-dimensional grillage is “unfolded” to the one-dimensional construct, and supports are allowed to range through this space freely. Second, the minimum allowable distance between two adjacent piles is introduced due to the specific capacities of a pile driver. Also, due to some considerations into the scheme of pile placement, the designer sometimes may introduce immovable supports (usually at the corners of the grillage) that do not participate in the optimization process and always retain their positions. However, such supports hinder to achieve a global solution to a problem and are not treated in this paper. The initial data for the problem are as follows: a geometrical scheme of the grillage, the given number of piles, a cross-section and material data on connecting beams, the minimum possible distance between adjacent supports and loading data given in the form of concentrated loads or trapezoidal distributed loadings. The results of the solution are the required positions of piles. This solution can serve as a pilot project for more detailed design. The entire optimization problem is solved in two steps. First, the grillage is transformed into the one-dimensional construct and the optimizer decides about a routine solution (i.e. the positions of piles in this construct). Second, backward transformation returns pile positions into the two-dimensional grillage and the “black-box” finite element program returns the corresponding objective function value. On the basis of this value, the optimizer predicts new positions of piles etc. The finite element program idealizes connecting beams as beam elements and piles – as mesh nodes of the finite element with a given boundary conditions in the form of vertical and rotational stiff ness. Since the problem may have several tens of design parameters, the only choice for optimization algorithms is using stochastic optimization algorithms. In our case, we use the original elitist real-number genetic algorithm and launch the program sufficient number of times in order to exclude large scattering of results. Three numerical examples are presented for the optimization of 10-pile grillage: when optimizing purely the largest reactive force, purely the largest in the absolute value of the bending moment and both parameters with equal weights.

scholarly journals Solutions of problems for the wave equation with conditions on the characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
V. I. Korzyuk ◽  
O. A. Kovnatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Classical Solution ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Matching Conditions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Method Of Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dimensional Wave

In this paper we obtain a classical solution of the one-dimensional wave equation with conditions on the characteristics for different areas this problem is considered in. The analytical solution is constructed by the method of characteristics. In addition, the uniqueness of the obtained solution is proved. The necessity and sufficiency of the matching conditions for given functions of the problem are proved. When these conditions are satisfied and the given functions are smooth enough, the classical solution of the considered problem exists.

Integration of one-dimensional equations of motion

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Gleb L. Kotkin ◽  
Valeriy G. Serbo
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Field Change ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
System A ◽  
Small Correction ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

If the potential energy is independent of time, the energy of the system remains constant during the motion of a closed system. A system with one degree of freedom allows for the determination of the law of motion in quadrature. In this chapter, the authors consider motion of the particles in the one-dimensional fields. They discuss also how the law and the period of a particle moving in the potential field change due to adding to the given field a small correction.

Solution of Generalized Jaynes-Cummings Model for many Particle Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
N.N. Jr. Bogolubov ◽  
M.Yu. Rasulova ◽  
I.A. Tishabaev
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Particle Systems ◽  
Cavity Field ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Generalized Kinetic Equation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multi Mode

We consider the dynamics of a system consisting of N two-level atoms interacting with a multi-mode cavity field. For the given system, the generalized kinetic equation is obtained and conditions are given under which its solution is reduced to solution of a linear equation, and of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation, respectively.

A Set of Plane Measure Zero Containing all Finite Polygonal Arcs

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Measure Zero ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Plane Measure

We say a (plane) set A contains all sets of some type if, for each B of type , there is a subset of A that is congruent to B. Recently, Besicovitch and Rado [3] and independently, Kinney [5] have constructed sets of plane measure zero containing all circles. In these papers it is pointed out that the set of all similar rectangles, some sets of confocal conies and other such classes of sets can be contained in sets of plane measure zero, but all these generalizations rely in some way on the symmetry, or similarity of the sets within the given type.In this paper we construct a set of plane measure zero containing all finite polygonal arcs (i.e., the one-dimensional boundaries of all polygons with a finite number of sides) with slightly stronger results if we restrict our attention to k-gons for some fixed k.

QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF TWO-LEVEL ATOMS INTERACTING WITH AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1450060
Author(s):  
N. N. BOGOLUBOV ◽  
M. Yu. RASULOVA ◽  
I. A. TISHABOEV
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Cavity Field ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Generalized Kinetic Equation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multi Mode

We consider the dynamics of a system consisting of N two-level atoms interacting with a multi-mode cavity field. For the given system, the generalized kinetic equation (GKE) is obtained and conditions are given under which its solution is reduced to solution of a linear equation, and of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, respectively.

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