The Council of State and the Clergy During the Reign of Louis XIV: An Aspect of the Growth of French Absolutism

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-266
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Personal Rule

Historians of ancien régime France frequently pay tribute to the statebuilding capacities of that most talented and successful architect of absolute monarchy, Louis XIV. And it has long been recognised that, of the many institutions either created or inherited by the French Crown which were wont to claim a share in the handling of the daily affairs of the realm, the Council of State became, during the personal rule of Louis XIV, the chief vehicle for dispensing the royal will. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of matters dealt with by the Council has tended to discourage historians from making it the object of intensive study. More important is the fact that the machinery of Council after 1661 reflected two apparently contradictory tendencies: the peculiar personal and informal nature of Louis XIV's government, and the incipient formalism and bureaucratisation which were to become dominant factors in the government of late eighteenth-century France. The consequent flexibility and complexity of the system have certainly been important characteristics which have so far precluded a full and detailed explanation of the forms and functions of the Council and, more generally, its overall significance in the administration of absolute government.

The Opium Wars

Jazz in China ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Eugene Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Opium Wars

In the late 1910s, 1920s, and even into the 1930s, “jazz” was the music of the age in the Republic of China, especially and primarily in Shanghai on China's east coast. It was enjoyed equally by sophisticated Chinese gentry and upper-class people in the many dance halls dotting various parts of Shanghai, and by the many Europeans, Russians, and Americans living and working in the so-called “Paris of the East.” These same foreigners also owned pieces of Shanghai, literally. This chapter asks how several foreign nations came to own sections of Shanghai, and have unrestricted access to numerous key ports throughout China's eastern coast? The answer to these questions can be found in a conflict initially between the British (and ultimately the French, Russians, and Americans) and the Chinese in the mid-nineteenth century: the Opium Wars, two wars that had roots in late eighteenth-century China.

SENSATION AND SENSIBILITY AT THE KEYBOARD IN THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: CELEBRATING THE TERCENTENARY OF C. P. E. BACH CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 2–4 OCTOBER 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-269
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. HALL
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Manuscript Collections ◽  
The University ◽  
Department Of Music ◽  
Visiting Scholars

This conference-festival at Cornell University was a highlight among the many events held worldwide in connection with C. P. E. Bach's tercentenary. In addition to an international line-up of visiting scholars who descended upon Ithaca (only then, it might be added, to ascend the formidable hill atop which Cornell is perched), the occasion drew together from within the university the Department of Music, the Westfield Center for Historical Keyboard Studies, the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections and the Atkinson Forum in American Studies. The conference was conceived around Christopher Hogwood's appointment at Cornell as A. D. White Professor-at-Large. Hogwood had been expected to attend and preside over the conference as honorary chair, but in the wake of his death on 24 September 2014 the proceedings were instead dedicated to him. Performances of C. P. E. Bach's music were interwoven with paper sessions and other events throughout each day: in all, two keynote lectures, four paper sessions, four solo keyboard recitals, two vocal-instrumental concerts, a standing exhibition, a clavichord masterclass and even a glass harmonica demonstration filled out the whirlwind, three-day schedule.

scholarly journals Fantasy Flowers and Mysterious Cities: Winter Carl Hansson and Dalecarlian Folk Art circa 1800

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Barbro Klein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Many

During the late eighteenth century, folk art developed in new and intriguing ways in several Scandinavian regions. This essay concentrates on the developments around Lake Siljan in Dalarna, primarily as they were expressed by Winter Carl Hansson, one of the most accomplished of the artists. In his renditions of biblical topics such as the Workers in the Vineyard and the Descent from the Cross, one may observe a skilful blending of religious mystery and mundane life, as well as complex contrasts between floral arrangements and imposing cities. Through his remarkable ability to enhance common features of Dalecarlian folk art, this unschooled artist communicates striking powers of presence. Ultimately, the new artistic energies - in works by Winter Carl and others - must be understood in light of the influence of the many printed texts and images that were then available. Thus, to the extent that a general breakthrough into new cultural and social concerns took place during the late eighteenth century, this is true also of folk art. Furthermore, the folk art that was shaped at this time had a profound impact in the twentieth century, when it came to signify the most appealing aspects of Sweden's national cultural heritage.

scholarly journals PAUPER INVENTORIES, SOCIAL RELATIONS, AND THE NATURE OF POOR RELIEF UNDER THE OLD POOR LAW, ENGLAND, c. 1601–1834

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH HARLEY
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACTDuring the old poor law, many paupers had their possessions inventoried and later taken by authorities as part of the process of obtaining poor relief. Historians have known about this for decades, yet little research has been conducted to establish how widespread the system was, what types of parishioners had their belongings inventoried and why, what the legal status of the practice was, and how it affected social relations in the parish. Using nearly 450 pauper inventories, this article examines these historiographical lacunae. It is argued that the policy had no legal basis and came from local practices and policies. The system is found to be more common in the south and east of England than in the north, and it is argued that the practice gradually became less common from the late eighteenth century. The inventorying of paupers’ goods often formed one of the many creative ways in which parishes helped the poor before 1770, as it guaranteed many paupers assistance until death. However, by the late eighteenth century the appraising of paupers’ goods was closely tied to a negative shift in the attitudes of larger ratepayers and officials, who increasingly wanted to dissuade people from applying for assistance and reduce expenditure.

Making crime pay in late eighteenth-century Bristol: stolen goods, the informal economy and the negotiation of risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATT NEALE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way ◽  
Stolen Goods

ABSTRACTThis article examines the many ways that stolen goods were sold and circulated in late eighteenth-century Bristol. It argues that while historians have been correct to identify the contemporary importance of second-hand markets and the ‘informal economy’ to the sale of stolen property, some of the ways that stolen goods markets have been described and conceptualised are not fully supported by the evidence from Bristol. This raises questions about the extent to which models of crime based on London can be applied to cities in provincial England. The article also examines the influence that timing, appearance and location had on the way that stolen goods were sold.

Education in Chile, 1810-1842

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret V. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

Any history of education in republican Chile, however brief, must of necessity touch first upon the colonial period. Although education, and indeed government, were completely dominated by the Church during the colonial period, in the late eighteenth century Chile grew restless under religious domination and began to free both its educational system and its governmental process from absolute church control.Prior to the eighteenth century education had been the exclusive prerogative of the church. In the period immediately preceding the Independence the Church and the clergy began to lose some of their unchallenged importance and authority. This loss was reflected in administration and schools. The expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 and the not-too-respectful criticism of things religious by Charles III indicated that the Church was no longer directing the government and hence was no longer the dominant element in the educational process.

scholarly journals Newspaper Debates in Late Eighteenth-Century England: ‘Letters to the Editor’ versus the Political Pamphlet

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Slettvoll Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

When exploring contributions to political debates in late eighteenth-century England, scholars have typically favoured non-serialized publications, most commonly the pamphlet, thus neglecting the many contributions appearing in the periodical press. This article redresses this oversight by exploring both the shortcomings and the advantages of the newspaper as a medium for political debate in this period. Based on a close reading of leading London newspapers from the politically turbulent years of 1791–95, this article explores the following questions: What advantages did the newspaper have over stand-alone publications such as the political pamphlet? What type of audience were writers of political newspaper commentary trying to reach, and what barriers did they encounter when attempting to do so? Why did the newspaper supplant the non-serialized pamphlet as the leading medium for political debate towards the end of the eighteenth century?

Out of Somerset

2019 ◽  
pp. 679-695
Author(s):  
Carolyn Steedman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Domestic Servant ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Many

This chapter disputes the notion that city satire is exclusively a metropolitan—London—form of writing, arguing that it was also a cultural form, a disposition, a way of thinking, available to all manner of late eighteenth-century people including the two working-class, provincial writers considered here. Two workers—a domestic servant and a stocking maker—raise questions about the uses of satire in class analysis and about satire’s audiences and satire’s users. The chapter is also an argument with the many eighteenth-century commentators who told historians that they should have no doings with satire.

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