Helminth communities of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest, south-eastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Toledo ◽  
D.H. Morais ◽  
R.J. Silva ◽  
L.A. Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Disturbed Environment

AbstractThe helminth fauna associated with Leptodactylus latrans, a large frog living in a disturbed environment of Atlantic rainforest in south-eastern Brazil, was evaluated. We found eight helminth taxa, including five nematode species, Falcaustra mascula, Oswaldocruzia subauricularis, Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp. and an unidentified cosmocercid, two trematodes, Gorgoderina parvicava and Haematoloechus fuelleborni, and one larval cestode. The overall prevalence of infection was 63.2% with a mean intensity of 11.3 ± 3.8. The cosmocercid nematode and O. subauricularis showed the highest prevalences, although the trematode G. parvicava was the most abundant and dominant parasite species. Host size positively influenced both the intensity of infection and parasite species richness. Our data suggest that the juvenile individuals of L. latrans are more susceptible to parasitic infection than the adults. The comparison of the similarity of this community component with that found in other studies in South America shows that, as well as the characteristics of the host, the sampling area also influences the parasitic fauna. Therefore, the results of this study agree that the helminth communities of frogs have relatively low species richness and dominance of generalist species.

scholarly journals The nematode community in the Atlantic rainforest lizard Enyalius perditus Jackson, from south-eastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Barreto-Lima ◽  
G.M. Toledo ◽  
L.A. Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Continental Area

AbstractStudies focusing on communities of helminths from Brazilian lizards are increasing, but there are many blanks in the knowledge of parasitic fauna of wild fauna. This lack of knowledge hampers understanding of ecological and parasitological aspects of involved species. Moreover, the majority of research has focused on parasitic fauna of lizards from families Tropiduridae and Scincidae. Only a few studies have looked at lizards from the family Leiosauridae, including some species of Enyalius. This study presents data on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of Enyalius perditus and their relationships with ecological aspects of hosts in a disturbed Atlantic rainforest area in the state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. Two nematode species, Oswaldocruzia burseyi [(Molineidae) and Strongyluris oscari (Heterakidae) were found. Nematode species showed an aggregated distribution in this host population, with O. burseyi being more aggregated than S. oscari. The present study extends the range of occurrence of O. burseyi to the Brazilian continental area.

Helminth communities in murid rodents from southern and northern localities in Lao PDR: the role of habitat and season

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pakdeenarong ◽  
P. Siribat ◽  
K. Chaisiri ◽  
B. Douangboupha ◽  
A. Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
South East Asian Region ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Murid Rodents

AbstractThe helminth communities of wild murid rodents were investigated in Luang Prabang and Champasak province, Lao PDR. Thirteen species of rodents (404 individuals) were infected by 19 species of parasites (2 trematode, 3 cestode, 14 nematode species). Four of the recorded helminth species (Echinostoma malayanum,Raillietinasp.,Hymenolepis diminutaandH. nana)are known to cause potential zoonotic helminthiases of medical importance in the South-East Asian region. Individual helminth infection was significantly higher in the wet season. Habitat significantly influenced individual helminth species richness and individual helminth abudance, with a decrease of individual helminth species richness and individual helminth abundance from forest habitat to agricultural and human settlement habitats. The reduction of helminth diversity and abundance is discussed in relation to the ongoing increase of human influence on habitats in Lao PDR.

First helminthological data on Iberian vipers: Helminth communities and host-parasite relationships

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Santos ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Freiría ◽  
Juan Pleguezuelos ◽  
Vicente Roca
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Low Prevalence

AbstractEuropean vipers are ambush predators with sporadic feeding events, thereby maintaining the digestive tract empty for long periods. According to previous studies relating lizards’ dietary habits and their helminth faunas, we predict poor gastrointestinal helminth communities in vipers. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the digestive tract of 86 specimens of Vipera aspis (L., 1758) and V. latastei Boscá, 1878, from several localities of the Iberian Peninsula. We found adults of only two nematode species Kalicephalus viperae (Rud., 1819) and Ophidascaris sp. and cysts adhering to the external wall on the stomach in case of two other nematode species Ascarops strongylina (Rud., 1819) and Spirurida gen. sp. All these nematodes are common parasite species in snakes, although Ophidascaris sp. has never before been recorded in Vipera sp. The low prevalence and small number of parasite species in Iberian vipers matched their low feeding rates. However, our results contrast with studies in Poland and Belarus of V. berus species, in which nematodes, as well as trematodes, are common and abundant. Rainfall rates are lower in the Iberian Peninsula than in eastern Central Europe, where amphibians are more available and consumed by V. berus. Amphibians, intermediate hosts for these helminths, have been recorded only sporadically as prey for V. aspis and V. latastei, thus supporting the absence of trematodes in both Iberian viper species. Among populations of Iberian vipers, the prevalence of parasites correlates with the feeding rate (i.e. percentage of vipers with prey), suggesting a linkage between the two parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that several factors, including climatic characteristics of localities, feeding rates of predators, and type of prey consumed, influence the number and type of parasites in Iberian vipers.

The relationship between nematode infections and ontogeny and diet of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus (Wied, 1820) (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the Atlantic Rainforest in south-eastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Pereira ◽  
S.C. Gomides ◽  
B.M. Sousa ◽  
S. de Souza Lima ◽  
J.L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rocky Outcrop ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between nematode infection and the ontogeny and diet of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus from a rocky outcrop in the state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. Eighty-nine of 110 lizards examined (81.9%) harboured nematodes. Two nematode species were identified, namely, Physaloptera lutzi in the stomach and Parapharyngodon bainae in the intestine, with prevalence values of 67.3 and 60.0%, respectively. The lizard diet was composed mainly of ants, other hymenopterans, beetles and flowers of the species Centrosema coriaceum (Fabaceae). Host body size was positively correlated with nematode abundance, with adults more heavily parasitized than juveniles. The consumption of C. coriaceum had a negative effect on the abundance of both nematode species, suggesting that this plant may possess anthelmintic properties. The probability of a higher worm burden in adult hosts is likely linked with a longer exposure time to infective stages. Beetles, ants and hymenopterans appear to be the main intermediate hosts for P. lutzi. In general, ontogeny and diet composition determine the structure of the helminth community in this species of lizard.

The parasitic fauna of the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. Part 2 The structure and changes over time

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Karbowiak ◽  
Aleksander Demiaszkiewicz ◽  
Anna Pyziel ◽  
Irena Wita ◽  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Ruminant Species

AbstractDuring the last century the recorded parasite fauna of Bison bonasus includes 88 species. These are 22 species of protozoa, 4 trematode species, 4 cestode species, 43 nematode species, 7 mites, 4 Ixodidae ticks, 1 Mallophaga species, 1 Anoplura, and 2 Hippoboscidae flies. There are few monoxenous parasites, the majority of parasites are typical for other Bovidae and Cervidae species and many are newly acquired from Cervidae. This is an evident increased trend in the parasite species richness, in both the prevalence and intensity of infections, which is associated with the bison population size, host status (captive breeding or free-ranging) and the possibility of contact with other ruminant species. In light of the changes to parasite species richness during the last decades, special emphasis shall be given to new parasite species reported in European bison, their pathogenicity and potential implications for conservation.

Effects of morphodynamics and across-shore physical gradients on benthic macroinfauna on two sandy beaches in south-eastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim N.S. Santos ◽  
Rafaela de S. Gomes ◽  
Ruan Managna Vasconcellos ◽  
Débora de Souza Silva ◽  
Francisco Gerson Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Wave Period ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil

We examined the benthic macroinfauna at three strata during two seasons (winter and summer) on two sandy beaches (dissipative and reflective) in south-eastern Brazil. The hypothesis raised is that effects of morphodynamics and zonation determine the structure of macroinfauna, with dissipative beaches having comparatively higher species richness and density than the reflective beaches. Flamengo beach (dissipative) had higher species richness but lower density compared to Grumari beach (reflective). A high dissimilarity in assemblage structure (91.75%) was detected between the two beaches. Zonation in the occurrence of macroinfauna was detected for the two beaches in the two examined seasons. At Grumari beach, Emerita brasiliensis occurred mainly in stratum 1 (intertidal swept zone) while Saccocirus sp. occurred in stratum 2 (infralittoral at 0.5 m depth), whereas at Flamengo beach E. brasiliensis and Enoploides sp. had the highest density in stratum 1 (intertidal swept zone) whereas Scolelepis goodbodyi and Donax uncinata dominated in stratum 3 (infralittoral at 1.0 m depth). Scolelepis goodbodyi, Dispio uncinata, Enoploides sp., Nematoda and Trileptium sp. were associated with higher a Dean parameter and content of organic matter at Flamengo beach. In contrast, Hastula sp., Donax sp., Pisionidens indica, Hemipodus californiensis, Saccocirus sp. and Phyllodocidae were associated with the higher wave period and grain size of Grumari beach. The hypothesis that macroinfauna structure differs between the beaches and strata was confirmed, with the dissipative beaches having comparatively higher richness but lower density than the reflective beaches.

Simira robusta (Rubiaceae, Condamineeae), a new species from the Atlantic Rainforest of south-eastern Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
LUCIANO FERREIRA MARGALHO ◽  
GEOVANE DE SOUZA SIQUEIRA ◽  
PIERO G. DELPRETE ◽  
MILTON GROPPO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
A New Species

Simira robusta (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Rainforest of the Espírito Santo state, south-eastern Brazil, is here described and illustrated, and compared with similar species. It most resembles S. grazielae, from which it differs by the larger inflorescences, antrorse pubescent flowers and fruits, and by its larger fruits. Its habitat and conservation status are discussed. A key to the species of Simira from Espírito Santo state is provided.

scholarly journals Infection patterns of Paradollfusnema amphisbaenia (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in a population of Amphisbaena wuchereri (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil, and its relations with host size, sex and fat body mass

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Filogonio ◽  
G.M. Toledo ◽  
L.A. Anjos ◽  
B. Rajão ◽  
C.A.B. Galdino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Fat Body Mass

AbstractSpecimens (n= 41) of the amphisbaenid Amphisbaena wuchereri taken from a population in Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil, were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. A single nematode species was found, Paradollfusnema amphisbaenia. This was a new host record for this nematode species. This parasite was encountered in the large intestine (prevalence of 100%), in the stomach (prevalence of 2%) and in the small intestine (prevalence of 7.3%). The intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 457 individual parasites per host and was positively correlated with body size of both male and female amphisbaenians. The discrepancy index (D) indicated that P. amphisbaenia tended to an even distribution in this host population. The nematode, which did not affect fat body mass, induced inflammatory infiltrations in the small intestine, indicating that the parasites might injure the host's organs.

Niche occupancy in south-eastern Brazilian tadpole communities in montane-meadow streams

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cabral Eterovick ◽  
Isalita Souza Barros
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Montane Meadow ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Microhabitat use by tadpole species was investigated in streams of montane meadows of the Serra do Cipó, south-eastern Brazil. Microhabitats were classified into 24 types based on water depth, current, aquatic vegetation and substrate type, and quantified in 16 streams. A total of 844 tadpoles from 19 species was recorded, as well as microhabitat types used. Tadpoles, from all species pooled, used microhabitat types in the proportions available in the set of sampled streams. Diversity of microhabitats used was considered as a measure of niche breadth for tadpoles, and microhabitat diversity in streams was interpreted as available niche space. For the most part, species used microhabitats in different proportions, and conspecifics differed in microhabitat use among different streams. Neither niche breadths nor niche overlaps of tadpoles could be related to the number of species occupying streams. Thus not all available niche space may be occupied by tadpole species. More generalist species (those with broader niches) did not generally occupy more streams. Behavioural flexibility of tadpoles in microhabitat use may be a response to the unpredictability of the montane-meadow stream habitat. The role of adult anurans in choosing oviposition sites may also influence the distribution of tadpole species among streams.

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