An integrative taxonomic study reveals a new species ofTylodelphysDiesing, 1950 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in central and northern Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García-Varela ◽  
A.L. Sereno-Uribe ◽  
C.D. Pinacho-Pinacho ◽  
E. Hernández-Cruz ◽  
G. Pérez-Ponce de León
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
A New Species

AbstractTylodelphys aztecaen. sp. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) is described from adult specimens obtained from the intestine of the pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and the metacercariae found in the body cavity of freshwater fishes of the families Goodeidae and Cyprinidae in eight localities across central and northern Mexico. The new species is mainly distinguished from the other four described species ofTylodelphysfrom the Americas (T. adulta, T. americana, T. elongataandT. brevis) by having a forebody slightly concave, a larger ventral sucker, two larger pseudosuckers and by having between 2 and 7 eggs in the uterus. Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochromecoxidase subunit I (cox1), and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1+5.8S+ ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA, were generated for both developmental stages and compared with available sequences in GenBank of other congeners. The genetic divergence estimated amongTylodelphys aztecaen. sp. and other congeneric species varied from 12 to 15% forcox1, and from 3 to 11% for ITS. In contrast, the genetic divergence among metacercariae and adults of the new species was very low, ranging between 0 and 1% forcox1and between 0 and 0.3% for ITS. Phylogenetic analyses inferred with both molecular markers using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed the adults and their metacercariae in a single clade, confirming that both stages are conspecific. The morphological evidence and the genetic divergence, in combination with the reciprocal monophyly in both phylogenetic trees, support the hypothesis that the diplostomids found in the intestines of the pied-billed grebe bird and the body cavity from goodeid and cyprinid fishes in central and northern Mexico represent a new species.

scholarly journals A new species of Xylophis Beddome, 1878 (Serpentes: Pareidae) from the southern Western Ghats of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Surya Narayanan ◽  
Pratyush P. Mohapatra ◽  
Amirtha Balan ◽  
Sandeep Das ◽  
David J. Gower
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
White Collar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
A New Species

We reassess the taxonomy of the Indian endemic snake Xylophis captaini and describe a new species of Xylophis based on a type series of three specimens from the southernmost part of mainland India. Xylophis deepakisp. nov. is most similar phenotypically to X. captaini, with which it was previously confused. The new species differs from X. captaini by having a broader, more regular and ventrally extensive off-white collar, more ventral scales (117–125 versus 102–113), and by lack of flounces on the body and proximal lobes of the hemipenis. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial 16S DNA sequences strongly indicates that the new species is most closely related to X. captaini, differing from it by an uncorrected pairwise genetic distance of 4.2%. A revised key to the species of Xylophis is provided.

Spiroplasma burmanica sp. nov. (Spiroplasmataceae: Mollicutes) from a Fossil Plant Louse (Psylloidea: Sternorrhyncha) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
George Poinar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fossil Plant ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
A New Species

A new species of spiroplasmid, Spiroplasma burmanica sp. nov. (Mollicutes: Entomoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) is described from the body cavity of a fossil plant louse (Psylloidea: Sternorrhyncha) in Burmese amber.  The new species is pleomorphic with body shapes varying from oval to helical.  The majority of the helical cells occur in the head, thorax (including leg cavities) and abdomen of the fossil psyllid.   The association between S. burmanica and the psyllid is considered to be a case of symbiosis, similar to extant relationships.  This discovery of the first fossil spiroplasmid shows that psyllids carried these microorganisms some 100 million years ago.

scholarly journals A new species of the horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from southwest China

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 943 ◽  
pp. 119-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xu ◽  
Shi-Ze Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Gang Wei ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Megophrys is described from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences all strongly supported the new species as an independent clade sister to M. minor and M. jiangi. The new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (SVL 43.4–44.1 mm in males, and 44.8–49.8 mm in females; vomerine teeth absent; tongue not notched behind; a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid; tympanum distinctly visible, rounded; two metacarpal tubercles on palm; relative finger lengths II < I < V < III; toes without webbing; heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between tympanum and eye when leg stretched forward; in breeding males, an internal single subgular vocal sac in male, and the nuptial pads with black spines on dorsal surface of bases of the first two fingers.

Tetrahymena chironomi sp.nov., a ciliate from midge larvae, and the current status of facultative parasitism in the genus Tetrahymena

Parasitology ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Corliss
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Large Spherical

A holotrichous ciliate found repeatedly in very large numbers in the body cavity of larval midges (Chironomus plumosus) from Paris and Berlin areas is described as a new species of the genus Tetrahymena, named T. chironomi sp.nov. It appears to represent a true example of facultative parasitism, since parasites released from the host survive in laboratory cultures, and free-living ciliates believed identical have been isolated from fresh-water sources in nature. Over a 3-month period more than 2000 larvae, principally fourth-instar stages, were examined; about 9 % of these were found to be infected with ciliates.T. chironomi is the thirteenth species to be added to the growing holotrich hymenostome genus Tetrahymena. It is taxonomically distinguishable from other members of the genus on the basis of a combination of characteristics related to its morphology and bionomics. It is one of the smallest species, has 24–27 ciliary meridians and a relatively large, spherical micronucleus, does not exhibit dimorphism or cystic stages in its life cycle, and does not possess a caudal cilium.

On a New Species of the Genus Saurositus from an Indian lizard

1965 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
P. G. Deshmukh ◽  
S. Mehdi Ali
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Calotes Versicolor ◽  
Maximum Body ◽  
A New Species

Three specimens of this species were collected on one occasion from the lizard Calotes versicolor. The material consists of one male and two females which were found entangled in the connective tissue of the body cavity.These are thin worms measuring 11·5 mm. long in the male and 18·3 mm. in the female. The maximum body diameter is 0·23 and 0·35 mm. respectively in the male and the female.

scholarly journals Molecular data reveal a new species of Rhopalias Stiles & Hassall, 1898 (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) in the Common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis L. (Mammalia, Didelphidae) in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge López-Caballero ◽  
Rosario Mata-López ◽  
Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
The Common ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Rhopalias Stiles & Hassall, 1898 is described from the small intestine of the Common opossum, Didelphismarsupialis Linnaeus from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Rhopaliasoochisp. nov. is morphologically very similar to the type species of the genus, Rhopaliascoronatus (Rudolphi, 1819) Stiles & Hassall 1898, a species widely distributed in opossums across Mexico. A molecular phylogenetic analysis using a mitochondrial gene (cox1), and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), of specimens of R.coronatus collected in several localities of Mexico revealed that those from the Yucatán Peninsula, originally recorded on morphological grounds as R.coronatus actually represented an independent genetic lineage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses were performed for each data set independently, and for the concatenated data set (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 + cox1). All phylogenetic analyses showed that the specimens from Yucatán represented a monophyletic lineage, with high bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities. In addition, the genetic divergence estimated between R.oochisp. nov. and two species of Rhopalias, R.coronatus, and R.macracanthus Chandler, 1932 that also occur in Mexican marsupials ranged between 7–8% and 16–17%, for cox1, and between 0.1–0.2% and 7% for the ITS region, respectively. The molecular evidence gathered in this study (reciprocal monophyly in both phylogenetic analyses, and estimated genetic divergence) suggested that the specimens found in the intestine of D.marsupialis originally reported as R.coronatus from Yucatán, actually represent a new species. Morphological evidence was found through light and scanning electron microscopy to support the species distinction based on molecular data.

Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species in the genus Sirodotia (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from the State of Assam, India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 437 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
NATALIA L. ROSSIGNOLO ◽  
FARISHTA YASMIN ◽  
JOHN A. WEST ◽  
E.K. GANESAN ◽  
ORLANDO NECCHI JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
A New Species

In India the genus Sirodotia has been documented solely on morphological data. A new species of Sirodotia (Sirodotia assamica sp. nov.) was found in two localities in the State of Assam, India. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species were inferred on the basis of DNA sequence data for the plastid rbcL gene and the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI-5P gene. Taxonomic affinities of the new species were determined by morphological analyses and a distinctive character was found for this species: spermatangia arranged in clusters. Although this character is also observed in S. huillensis, both species are genetically highly divergent (4.5–5.0% for rbcL and 9.6–10.1% for COI-5P). DNA sequences from Indian specimens formed a well-supported clade, sister to S. delicatula from Malaysia. DNA sequence divergence between S. assamica and S. delicatula varied from 2.5–2.7% for rbcL and COI-5P. Intraspecific divergence between the two sequences from India were low (0.4–0.5%). A full description and photographs of the new species are provided, as well as a comparison with morphologically similar and phylogenetically allied species reported from India and other Asian regions.

Molecular data reveal high diversity ofUvulifer(Trematoda: Diplostomidae) in Middle America, with the description of a new species

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. López-Jiménez ◽  
G. Pérez-Ponce de León ◽  
M. García-Varela
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Middle America ◽  
A New Species

AbstractMembers of the genusUvuliferare distributed worldwide and infect aquatic snails and freshwater fishes as first and second intermediate hosts, respectively, and fish-eating birds (kingfishers) as definitive hosts. Metacercariae ofUvuliferspp. were collected from the fins and skin of 20 species of freshwater fishes in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and the adults were recovered from the intestine of kingfishers in four localities of Mexico. The genetic divergence among 76 samples (64 metacercariae and 12 adults) was estimated by sequencing the 28S and 5.8S nuclear genes, as well as the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, and one mitochondrial gene (cox1). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses inferred with each dataset showed a high genetic diversity within the genusUvuliferacross Middle America, revealing the existence of four genetic lineages that exhibit some level of host specificity to their second intermediate hosts. The metacercariae of lineage 1 were associated with characids and cyprinids in central and northern Mexico. Metacercariae of lineages 2 and 3 were associated with cichlids distributed widely across Middle America. The lack of adults of these lineages in kingfishers, in lineages 2 and 3, or the fact that just a few adult specimens were recovered, as in lineage 1, prevented a formal description of these species. The metacercariae of lineage 4 were found in poeciliids, across a distribution range comprising Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, and the adult was found in the green kingfisher in Mexico. The number of specimens sampled for lineage 4, for both gravid adults and metacercariae, allowed us to describe a new species,Uvulifer spinatusn. sp. We describe the new species herein and we discuss briefly the genetic diversity inUvuliferspp. and the importance of using DNA sequences to properly characterize parasite diversity.

Molecular and morphological evidence that Phymactis papillosa from Argentina is, in fact, a new species of the genus Bunodosoma (Cnidaria: Actiniidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Braga Gomes ◽  
Renata Schama ◽  
Antônio Mateo Solé-Cava
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Species Type ◽  
A New Species

Phymactis papillosa is a rocky shore sea anemone that is commonly found in the Pacific Ocean, from the Gulf of California to Tierra del Fuego, and in the Mar del Plata region, Argentina. The genus Phymactis is closely related to Bunodosoma and, due to character plasticity, a number of misidentifications have occurred. Therefore, the presence of P. papillosa in Argentina has been doubted but the matter had not been investigated in detail. Here we analyse P. papillosa specimens from Argentina and compare them, using molecular and morphological markers, to specimens from the species' type locality. In a phylogenetic analysis using 19 allozyme markers and ribosomal internal transcribed spacers sequences of different sea anemone genera, including all West Atlantic Bunodosoma species, we have found that the specimens from Argentina were genetically divergent from P. papillosa from Chile and closely related to West Atlantic Bunodosoma species. The genetic and morphological analyses indicate that those specimens belong to a new species of the genus Bunodosoma, described here as B. zamponii sp. nov.

A new species from Mexico of the Nearctic genus Percymoorensis, and remarks on the family Haemopidae (Hirudinoidea)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence R. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

P. caballeroi sp. nov. has bimyomeric megamorphic median regions on the reproductive systems, both extended in the paramedian chambers of the body cavity. It differs from P. marmoratis in having pale maculae forming a simple somital pattern, unequal annuli on the midnephric somites, and a postanal chamber. The genera Philobdella and Semiscolex are excluded from the Haemopidae, and subfamilies Haemopinae and Mollibdellinae are proposed.

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