Patterns in metazoan parasite communities of some oyster species

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Aguirre-Macedo ◽  
C.R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
Oyster Species ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Metazoan parasite communities of Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis from Great Britain, Crassostrea virginica from Mexico, and Saccostrea commercialis from Australia are described and summarized in terms of species composition, species richness, total number of individuals and dominance. Metazoan parasite communities in all host species were composed of turbellarians and the metacercarial stage of digeneans, with the exception of S. commercialis where only metacercariae were found. Arthropods, including one copepod and one mite species, were present only in British oyster species. All metazoan parasite communities of oysters had few species and low density of individuals. Richest communities were found in C. virginica at both component and infracommunity level. The least diverse component community occurred in S. commercialis. Infracommunities in O. edulis and S. commercialis never exceeded one species per host. The host response against parasites is suggested as the principal factor responsible for depauperate parasite communities of oysters. Environmental factors characteristic of tropical latitudes are likely to have enhanced both the number of species and the densities of parasites per host in the infracommunities of C. virginica.

scholarly journals Metazoan parasite communities of three endemic cichlid fish species from the upper Grijalva River, Chiapas, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
A. Paredes-Trujillo ◽  
A. Martínez-Aquino ◽  
R. Rodiles-Hernández ◽  
D. González-Solís
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Neoergasilus Japonicus ◽  
Number Of Individuals

SummaryWe recorded the metazoan parasite communities in three endemic cichlids (Chiapaheros grammodes, Vieja breidohri and V. hartwegi) collected between November 2008 and July 2009 in the upper Grijalva River Basin (GRB), Chiapas, Mexico. In total, 6,287 individual parasites belonging to 18 taxa (1 monogenean, 6 digeneans, 1 cestode, 4 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans, 1 hirudinean, 2 copepods and 1 pentastomid) were found. Eleven metazoans were adult forms and 7 larvae; moreover, 14 were endoparasites and 4 ectoparasites. Sixteen parasite taxa represent new geographical and host records. The helminth community in the three cichlids was characterized by higher number of generalists than specialists, as well as a higher proportion of autogenics than allogenics. The metazoan parasites showed prevalence and mean abundances moderate to high. The infracommunities and component community of metazoan parasites had low diversity, richness, and number of individuals and are similar to those reported for other cichlids in Southeastern Mexico, characterized by the presence of typical parasites of cichlids, with a high number of digeneans and generalist parasites. We report the introduced Asian parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus parasitizing endangered or threatened endemic cichlids in the upper GRB. This copepod have been widespread in other freshwater fish species, mainly in Asia (China, India, Japan, Russia, Taiwan), Europe (France, Hungary, Italy, Turkey), and America (Cuba, Mexico, Peru, United States).

Metazoan Parasites and Health State of European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla (Anguilliformes, Anguillidae), From Tonga Lake and El Mellah Lagoon in the Northeast of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bakaria ◽  
S. Belhaoues ◽  
N. Djebbari ◽  
M. Tahri ◽  
I. Ladjama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Health State ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Argulus Foliaceus

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine metazoans parasite communities of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in freshwater (Tonga Lake) and brackish water (El Mellah lagoon) in the northeast of Algeria. Six parasite taxa were collected: one monogenean, Pseudodactylogyrus sp.; two crustaceans, Ergasilus sp. and Argulus foliaceus; two nematodes, Cucullanus sp. and Anguillicola crassus; one cestode, Bothriocephalus claviceps. Th e most prevalent parasite taxa in freshwater were Pseudodactylogyrus sp., A. crassus and Bothriocephalus claviceps; whereas in the brackish water, eels were infected mainly with A. crassus. Th e characteristics of the parasite component community structure revealed low parasite species diversity and high dominance values in eels from the two localities. Both communities were dominated by a single parasite species: Tonga eels by the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. and El Mellah lagoon eels by the nematode A. crassus, verified by high Berger-Parker dominance values of 0.76 and 0.87 respectively.

MICROECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN OYSTER EPIZOOTICS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Laird
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Dead Animal ◽  
Favorable Conditions

On oyster beds as elsewhere, mud–water interfaces exhibit a biological film harboring saprobic microorganisms. The abundance of these is directly proportional to the amount of decomposing organic matter present. Different communities of protozoa and bacteria characterize each of the levels of organic pollution, which may be defined biologically in terms of a modification of the "Saprobiensystem" of Kolkwitz and Marsson. While the microorganisms concerned are not conspicuous on clean substrata except where especially favorable conditions are afforded certain of them by some dead animal or plant, their general abundance is indicative of pollution. This follows overaccumulation of reducible deposits, initiated by irregular tidal flushing, freshets, and winter icing, and rendering the microenvironment anaerobic. Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea virginica survive temporary exposure to the direct effects of such conditions as well as to near-lethal temperatures, but, weakened thereby, become vulnerable to invasion by saprobes from the enriched biological film. Unless environmental conditions improve before the oysters lose ability to recover, abnormal mortalities will be hastened by the activities of these microorganisms, notably Hexamita inflata (Protozoa). Relevant literature is reviewed, and possible local remedies are discussed. Canadian data are supported by original observations from Wales and Pakistan. Among other new host and locality records, Cristispira balbianii (Spirochaetales) and cercariae of a bucephalid trematode are listed from Ostrea belcheri from Karachi.

Temporal and spatial variations in the metazoan parasite communities of the Panama spadefish,Parapsettus panamensis(Pisces: Ephippidae), from the Pacific coast of Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Princessa J. Villalba‐Vasquez ◽  
Juan Violante‐González ◽  
Scott Monks ◽  
Jaime U. Marino‐Romero ◽  
Sergio García Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Comparison of richness and diversity of macroparasite communities among eels from Nova Scotia, the United Kingdom and Australia

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MARCOGLIESE ◽  
D. K. CONE
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
The Uk

Species richness and diversity of macroparasite assemblages were compared among American eels (Anguilla rostrata) from Nova Scotia, European eels (A. anguilla) from the United Kingdom (Kennedy, Bush & Aho, 1986; Esch et al. 1988; Kennedy, 1990, 1993), and Australian eels (A. reinhardtii) from Queensland (Kennedy, 1995). Community richness and diversity of the macroparasite fauna of American and European eels did not differ significantly for total parasite component communities, intestinal parasite component communities, and intestinal parasite infracommunities. The similarities in richness and diversity between the parasite communities of American and European eels are not surprising given the common, recent origin of these sister species. However, differences in species composition were noted between Nova Scotia and the UK. Both species of eels were infected by a nearly identical suite of specialists, but differences occurred in the species number and composition of generalist parasites. In addition, generalist species were rarely dominant in Nova Scotia, but commonly so in the UK. These differences can be attributed to the differences in the freshwater fish fauna and their parasites that occur between Nova Scotia and the UK. American and European eels are derived from a common ancestor and, whereas they have carried with them a common suite of specialist parasites during their brief period of independence, they acquired different suites of generalists apparently from their respective continental faunas after they diverged. In contrast, parasite communities of American and European eels were significantly less diverse and speciose than those of Australian eels regardless of scale (total component community, intestinal component community, intestinal infracommunity). These results support the notion that parasite communities have had more time to evolve and/or that tropical conditions have promoted parasite speciation in Australian eels.

scholarly journals Species composition and structure of parasites component communities of tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) from the Khatanga and Yenisei Rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Kseniya Viktorovna Polyaeva ◽  
Gennady Nikolaevich Dorovskikh ◽  
Yuliya Konstantinovna Chugunova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) is an endemic of Siberia. Information about the species composition and structure of tugun parasite community on the stage of spawning migration is described in this paper. We carried out ichtioparasitologic studies in the Yenisey and the Khatanga Rivers in 2011-2014. Tugun parasite complex from the Khatanga River remains statistically identical in species composition, number of individuals and biomass and differs from those of the Yeniseis tugun over the entire study period. Apparently two different stocks of tugun were investigated in the Yenisei River. One of them lives in the Yeniseis streambed, the other one lives in the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. The composition of the parasitic fauna of tugun from two rivers is formed by generalist species. Tugun parasites component communities from all material collection stations have high values of the Shannon index and two dominant species (by numbers of parasites and by biomass). We found out that the species biomasses differ significantly on the graphic community structure. The description of tugun parasite communities corresponds to characteristic of a climax community on the stage of destruction except the graphic structure. In the analyzed parasitic communities the processes of egg laying and larval appearance, the death of parasites of previous year generation and infection with this year parasites occur simultaneously. The stages of formation and destruction of the community overlap. The described state of tugun parasites communities has an adaptive value. The load on the host body is reduced which ensures the long-term existence of parasites.

scholarly journals Interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of bigeye trevally Caranx sexfasciatus (Pisces, Carangidae)

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Violante-González ◽  
Scott Monks ◽  
Yesenia Gallegos-Navarro ◽  
Nataly G. Santos-Bustos ◽  
Princessa J. Villalba-Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Local Fluctuations ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Parasite communities in Caranx sexfasciatus were characterized and analyzed to determine any interannual variations in structure and/or species composition. In total, 422 C. sexfasciatus were collected from Acapulco Bay, Mexico, between May 2016 and March 2019. Thirty-two taxa of metazoan parasites were identified: five Monogenea, thirteen Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Cestoda, three Nematoda, seven Copepoda, and two Isopoda. Monogeneans were the most frequent and abundant parasite species in all sampling years. Parasite species richness at the component community level varied significantly from 8 (May 2016) to 25 (March 2019) and was similar to previous reports for other species of Carangidae. The component communities and infracommunities in C. sexfasciatus were characterized by low parasite species numbers, low diversity, and dominance of a single species (the monogenean Neomicrocotyle pacifica). Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and climatic seasons. Seasonal or local fluctuations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors probably explain these variations.

scholarly journals The metazoan parasite communities of the shoal flounder (Syacium gunteri) as bioindicators of chemical contamination in the southern Gulf of Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Vidal-Martínez ◽  
Oscar A Centeno-Chalé ◽  
Edgar Torres-Irineo ◽  
Juan Sánchez-Ávila ◽  
Gerardo Gold-Bouchot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico

Intestinal helminth parasites in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom the River Thames: an infracommunity analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guillen-Hernandez ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
River Thames

AbstractAn analysis was undertaken of intestinal helminth communities in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom two sites on the River Thames. A comparison was made between helminth community richness and diversity from these sites at the component and infracommunity levels. At the component community level, a richer and more diverse parasite community was found in flounder from the Tilbury location (marine influence) than that from the Lots Road location (freshwater influence). At the infracommunity level, more parasite species and parasite individuals per host were found at Lots Road and the percentage of similarity values were low at both locations. Helminth species with high prevalence values in the parasite communities of the flounder are the dominant species in any individual fish, harbouring multi-specific infections. The presence of more invertebrate species, which are intermediate hosts in the helminth life cycle in the Thames, fish vagility and the high prevalence and abundance values ofPomphorhynchus laevisin the flounder, may explain the differences between the two locations.

Patterns of variation in parasite component communities and infracommunities of a littoral fish species from the northern coast of Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Henríquez ◽  
M. Teresa González
Keyword(s):  
Fish Population ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

AbstractThe structure and similarity of the parasite communities of fish can be evaluated at the component community (CC) and infracommunity (IC) levels. Both hierarchical levels have been used to assess parasite variations in fish at large (biogeographic) scales. However, studies evaluating the consistency between these two hierarchical levels at smaller geographical scales are scarce. In this study, the parasite assemblages of 124 Paralabrax humeralis collected by local fishermen by spear fishing at four sites (El Fierro, EF; P. Angamos, PA; Santa María, ISM; San Jorge, BSJ) in northern Chile were compared to assess the variability (or similarity) of their CCs and ICs at a limited geographical scale using multivariate analysis. At the IC level, discriminant analyses showed that P. humeralis parasite communities varied significantly among sites; 70% of ectoparasite ICs were correctly assigned to each site, but only 55% of helminth parasite ICs were correctly classified. At the CC level, the composition of parasite communities as assessed by correspondence analyses varied significantly between sites. Tagia sp., Neobenedenia sp. and Philometra sp. were associated with BSJ, ISM and PA, respectively; Corynosoma sp. and most digeneans were associated with both ISM and EF. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed significant variations in the degree of similarity between P. humeralis CCs from different sites, but not between ICs. Variations between CCs from different sites reflect fish population processes (e.g., population age, reproductive segregation) and the particular conditions of their respective habitats, whereas ICs reflect individual host movements. This study demonstrated that, when examined at a limited geographical scale, IC is better than CC at capturing the local pool of parasite assemblages when host populations are spatially segregated. Therefore, in this study, it is demonstrated that at a small geographic scale, CC variations are not reflected by IC, when host population is spatially segregated.

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