Type A7 Coxsackie (type 4 poliomyelitis) virus infection in Scotland

Coxsackie A 7 virus was isolated from thirty-seven patients during an outbreak in Scotland in 1959. Seven cases were paralytic, one of them fatal. Evidence is presented that Coxsackie A 7 virus caused these paralytic illnesses. The virus was also isolated from a paralytic case in 1956 and from a non-paralytic case in 1961. Serological surveys suggest that it has been active in the community for some years. Specific haemagglutination by Coxsackie A 7 virus was useful for rapid identification of viruses and for measurement of serum antibodies.I am grateful to Dr A. D. Macrae of the Virus Reference Laboratory, Colindale, London, for prototype Coxsackie A 7 virus; to Dr K. Habel of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, U.S.A., for tissue culture-adapted ABIV virus; to Dr J. Wallace of the Blood Transfusion Service, West of Scotland Region, for samples of blood donor sera; to Dr M. Rentsch, Klinik für Kinderkrankheiten, University of Berne, Switzerland, for permission to quote the results of virological tests of his cases; to Miss R. McLelland, F.A.T.A., and to Mr C. McLean F.I.M.L.T., for technical assistance with animal experiments; to Mr H. G. Carson, F.I.M.L.T. and to Mr J. Kerr, A.I.M.L.T., for technical assistance with neutralization tests; and to the many clinical colleagues who provided specimens and information for this study.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis C and B Virus Infection among Patients Undergoing Blood Transfusion and Dental Treatment in Al-Najaf Governorate

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.01.237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

B Virus

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Salmonellas in sewage. A study in latent human infection

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400041942 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. W. S. Harvey ◽

T. H. Price ◽

D. W. Foster ◽

W. C. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Technical Assistance ◽

Human Infection ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Technical Success ◽

Sewerage System ◽

The Public ◽

Multiple Sampling ◽

Paratyphi B ◽

Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYIn a residential estate of 4000 persons, containing neither industry nor retail butchers shops, salmonellas were regularly found in the sewerage system. They were frequently found in the sewage of a portion of the estate housing 1000 persons. The range of serotypes found was wide and some types suggested an exotic origin. No overt salmonella infection in the estate was reported during the period of survey, although local general practitioners had been previously alerted. Overt infection due to serotypes found in the survey were, however, reported in other areas of Glamorgan. Multiple sampling points in the sewerage system and a serological technique for examining samples contaminated with multiple salmonella serotypes were essential for the technical success of the survey.We should like to thank Prof. Scott Thomson for his advice in the preparation of this paper; Dr E. S. Anderson of the Central Enteric Reference Laboratory and Bureau, Colindale, for phage-typing the strains of S. typhimurium and S. paratyphi B; and Dr G. J. G. King of the Public Health Laboratory, Bournemouth, for identifying the serotypes isolated. We should also like to thank Mr T. R. Liddington and Mr J. H. Price for their technical assistance.

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West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion

Transfusion ◽

10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00481.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 1018-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Theresa Harrington ◽

Matthew J. Kuehnert ◽

Hany Kamel ◽

Robert S. Lanciotti ◽

Sheryl Hand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Virus Infection ◽

West Nile Virus Infection ◽

West Nile

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Alternatives to nucleic acid testing in the blood transfusion service

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11461-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 360 (9344) ◽

pp. 1518-1519 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark Calmann ◽

John Diment

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Nucleic Acid Testing ◽

Blood Transfusion Service

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Study of viral safety of Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service factor VIII/IX concentrate

Transfusion Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00065.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 295-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. Bennett ◽

A. A. Dawson ◽

B. S. Gibson ◽

A. Hepplestone ◽

G. D. O. Lowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Factor Viii ◽

Service Factor ◽

Viral Safety ◽

Blood Transfusion Service

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Toolkit for Epidemiologic Response to an Acute Chemical Release

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2015.187 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 631-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Anne Duncan ◽

Maureen F. Orr

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Local Health ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

Chemical Release ◽

State And Local ◽

The Many

AbstractWhen a large chemical incident occurs and people are injured, public health agencies need to be able to provide guidance and respond to questions from the public, the media, and public officials. Because of this urgent need for information to support appropriate public health action, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) of the US Department of Health and Human Services has developed the Assessment of Chemical Exposures (ACE) Toolkit. The ACE Toolkit, available on the ATSDR website, offers materials including surveys, consent forms, databases, and training materials that state and local health personnel can use to rapidly conduct an epidemiologic investigation after a large-scale acute chemical release. All materials are readily adaptable to the many different chemical incident scenarios that may occur and the data needs of the responding agency. An expert ACE team is available to provide technical assistance on site or remotely. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:631–632)

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Asymptomatic Plasmodium Parasites among Adults in Eastern Uganda: A Case of Donor Blood Screening at Mbale Regional Blood Bank

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/6359079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon Peter Inyimai ◽

Mosses Ocan ◽

Benjamin Wabwire ◽

Peter Olupot-Olupot

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Adult Population ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Donor Blood ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Transfusion Service ◽

Eastern Uganda

Background. There is a paucity of data on asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium parasite among adult population in Eastern Uganda, an area of perennial high transmission of malaria. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of Plasmodium parasites in donor blood units at Mbale Regional Blood Bank (Mbale RBB), a satellite centre of the Uganda Blood Transfusion Service (UBTS). Method. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 380 screened donor blood units were examined for the presence of Plasmodium parasites. A systematic random sampling technique using the interval of 7 was used in selecting the screened blood units for testing. Two experienced malaria slide microscopists (MC1 and MC2) independently examined each thick and thin blood slide under high power magnification of X400 and then X1000 as stated on the study standard operation procedure (SOP). Each slide was examined for 100 oil immersion fields before the examiner declared them negative for Plasmodium parasites. The results by each microscopist’s examination were tallied separately, and finally, the two tallies were compared. The third independent microscopist (MC3) was blinded to the results from MC1 and MC2, but whose role was to perform quality control on the slides randomly sampled and read 38 (10%) of all the slides and was available to examine any slides with inconsistent findings by MC1 or MC2. Results. All the microscopists were unanimous in all the slide readings. Five of the thick smears (1.3%) confirmed the presence of Plasmodium parasites among donor blood units. Of these, 4/5 were from male donors. Plasmodium falciparum was identified in 4 positive samples, while Plasmodium malariae was identified in one of the donor units. Conclusion. The 1.3% prevalence of Plasmodium malaria parasites in screened donor blood units represents risk of malaria blood transfusion transmitted infection and a pool of community transmittable malaria infections, respectively.

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THE ORGANISATION OF A VOLUNTARY HOSPITAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICE

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(00)86151-6 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 229 (5939) ◽

pp. 1538-1541

Author(s):

S.C. Dyke

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Blood Transfusion Service

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Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp.107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

O D Damulak ◽

E D Jatau ◽

E Ekam ◽

E Rumji ◽

R Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

High Rate ◽

Blood Transfusion Service ◽

First Time

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

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