donor blood
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2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Dong Hee Seo ◽  
Hyoung Ju Yoon ◽  
Jae Chan Ahn ◽  
Yoo-Sung Hwang

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Arief Adi Saputro ◽  
Catur Retno Lestari

Blood transfusion is the process of distributing blood from donors to patients with the aim of replacing blood lost due to bleeding, surgery, shock and malfunctioning of the blood-forming organs that require replacement blood in the form of whole blood or blood components. Blood is stored with the First in First Out (FIFO) system, which is a system that regulates the expulsion of blood in which the first blood that enters will be removed first. The storage period of blood will experience changes in blood components, especially erythrocytes will experience significant changes in shape over the length of time blood storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in hemoglobin levels of donor blood before and after storage for 7 days. This research was conducted at the Blood Transfusion Unit of PMI Kudus Regency. The number of samples used as many as 15 samples. The results showed that there were differences in hemoglobin levels before storage and after storage for 7 days (0.000). The average value before storage was 14.7 g/dl, after storage for 7 days 18.2 g/dl, the highest hemoglobin before storage was 15.4 g/dl, the highest after storage was 18.2 g/dl, while the lowest hemoglobin was before storage. storage 14.0 gr/dl and after storage 17.3 gr/dl. The conclusion is there is a significant difference between hemoglobin levels before storage and after storage for 7 days.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-609
Author(s):  
V. N. Lemondzhava ◽  
A. V. Chechetkin ◽  
A. G. Gudkov ◽  
V. Yu. Leushin ◽  
A. D. Kasianov ◽  
...  

A criterion of the quality of fresh frozen blood plasma (FFP) is the activity of clotting factor VIII (FVIII).Aim — to identify technological barriers in the study of FVIII thermolability and to describe the requirements for experiments, providing new knowledge about the thermolability of this factor.Basic information. An analysis of domestic and foreign publications devoted to the study of the mechanisms responsible for reducing the value of FVIII activity in donor blood plasma from the moment of donation to the moment of transfusion was carried out. Data on the decrease in FVIII activity at various stages of work with blood plasma are presented. An analysis of methods for preparing samples for studying changes in the values of FVIII in donor blood plasma was performed. The existence of contradictory conclusions about the infl uence on the change in FVIII at the thawing stage of various values of the effects on FFP and poor knowledge of the change in the indicator at the stage of heating to the transfusion temperature after the end of the phase transition in the samples was established. The fundamental differences in the methods of preparing and conducting experiments in previous works are determined. Methods for increasing the reliability of experimental results for studying the thermal lability of FVIII are proposed.


Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Clara Coll-Satue ◽  
Michelle Maria Theresia Jansman ◽  
Peter Waaben Thulstrup ◽  
Leticia Hosta-Rigau

Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) display the excellent oxygen-carrying properties of red blood cells, while overcoming some of the limitations of donor blood. Various encapsulation platforms have been explored to prepare HBOCs which aim to avoid or minimize the adverse effects caused by the administration of free Hb. Herein, we entrapped Hb within a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) core, prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. We study the effect of the concentrations of Hb, PLGA, and emulsifier on the size, polydispersity (PDI), loading capacity (LC), and entrapment efficiency (EE) of the resulting Hb-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (HbNPs). Next, the ability of the HbNPs to reversibly bind and release oxygen was thoroughly evaluated. When needed, trehalose, a well-known protein stabilizer that has never been explored for the fabrication of HBOCs, was incorporated to preserve Hb’s functionality. The optimized formulation had a size of 344 nm, a PDI of 0.172, a LC of 26.9%, and an EE of 40.7%. The HbNPs were imaged by microscopy and were further characterized by FTIR and CD spectroscopy to assess their chemical composition and structure. Finally, the ability of the encapsulated Hb to bind and release oxygen over several rounds was demonstrated, showing the preservation of its functionality.


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Jessica Pulvirenti ◽  
Maurizio Musso ◽  
Teresa Fasciana ◽  
Antonio Cascio ◽  
Maria Rita Tricoli ◽  
...  

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. In non-endemic areas, the incidence of transmission of malaria by transfusion is very low. We report a clinical case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to Plasmodium malariae, which happened in a patient with acute hemorrhagic gastropathy. Case presentation: In April 2019, a 70-year-old Italian man with recurrent spiking fever for four days was diagnosed with a P. malariae infection, as confirmed using microscopy and real-time PCR. The patient had never been abroad, but about two months before, he had received a red blood cell transfusion for anemia. Regarding the donor, we revealed that they were a missionary priest who often went to tropical regions. Plasmodium spp PCR was also used on donor blood to confirm the causal link. Discussion and Conclusions: The donations of asymptomatic blood donors who are predominantly “semi-immune” with very low parasitic loads are an issue. The main problem is related to transfusion-transmitted malaria. Our case suggests that P. malariae infections in semi-immune asymptomatic donors are a threat to transfusion safety. Currently, microscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria but has limited sensitivity to detect low levels of parasitemia. Screening using serological tests and molecular tests, combined with the donor’s questionnaire, should be used to reduce the cases of TTM.


2021 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
A. V. Chistyakov

The article is devoted to the problem of deficiency of donor blood and its components in the Russian Federation. The author points out the reasons that affect the willingness of citizens to participate in the donor movement and proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of donors activities. Including — in the sphere of social problems that are not directly related to the preparation of blood and its components due to the «activation» by the power structures of the unifying function of individual power symbols — state awards. The author also raises the question of amending the regulation on the Luka Krymsky medal and the statute of the Pirogov Order in order to increase the percentage of citizens of our country in the donor movement and their further involvement in social programs as donors and volunteers as part of their membership in the official order organization, the potential efficiency of which is confirmed by European practice.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6709
Author(s):  
Jijing Wang ◽  
Susanna L. Lundström ◽  
Sven Seelow ◽  
Sergey Rodin ◽  
Zhaowei Meng ◽  
...  

Isoaspartate (isoAsp) is a damaging amino acid residue formed in proteins mostly as a result of spontaneous deamidation of asparaginyl residues. An association has been found between isoAsp in human serum albumin (HSA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we report on a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1A3 with excellent specificity to isoAsp in the functionally important domain of HSA. Based on 1A3 mAb, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, and the isoAsp occupancy in 100 healthy plasma samples was quantified for the first time, providing the average value of (0.74 ± 0.13)%. These results suggest potential of isoAsp measurements for supplementary AD diagnostics as well as for assessing the freshness of stored donor blood and its suitability for transfusion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S213-S214
Author(s):  
Petros Svoronos ◽  
Prakhar Vijayvargiya ◽  
Pradeep Vaitla ◽  
James j Wynn ◽  
Elena Beam ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Based on expert opinion, solid organ transplant recipients from donors with bacteremia are treated with 7-14 days of pre-emptive antibiotic therapy (PAT). However, studies addressing necessity, optimal duration of therapy, and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are lacking. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all kidney transplants performed at our institution from 01/01/2015-01/01/2021 to identify those cases where matched deceased donors had positive blood cultures. Bacteremia was defined per CDC criteria. We analyzed rate of infection in the KTR with the same organism identified in the donor blood culture within 30 days of transplantation. Results A total of 56 KTRs with donor positive blood cultures were identified. Demographic data are summarized in Table 1. Twenty of 56 cases (35.8%) had bacteremia and 36 (64.2%) had organisms classified as common commensals. The most common organisms in the bacteremia group were Gram-negative bacteria (12/20) and Staphylococcus aureus (6/20). Most common commensals were coagulase-negative staphylococci (26/36) (Table 2). All KTR received preoperative antibiotics at the time of transplantation, primarily cefazolin (15/20), and vast majority received TMP/SMX prophylaxis, for Pneumocystis jirovecii, post-transplant (19/20). PAT was administered in 70% (14/20) cases of bacteremia for a median of 8.5 days (IQR 7-14), while six cases were left untreated (Table 2). In contrast, majority of cases with common commensals were not treated (75%, 27/36). Of the cases treated (9/36), median duration of therapy was 7 days (IQR 5-14). No cases of infection with the same organism identified in the donor blood culture were reported in KTR within 30 days of transplantation. Conclusion KTR donors with bacteremia who were treated received a median of 8.5 days of PAT with no instances of breakthrough infection. In contrast, majority of donor blood cultures with organisms classified as common commensals were not treated and did well. Future studies are needed to assess whether perioperative antibiotics coupled with TMP/SMX prophylaxis post-transplantation are sufficient in select cases of transplantation from donors with bacteremia. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A667-A667
Author(s):  
Philippa Kennedy ◽  
Upasana Sunil Arvindam ◽  
Brianna Ettestad ◽  
Shee Kwan Phung ◽  
Quinlan Kile ◽  
...  

BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies, from biologics to cell products, are being studied in the clinic across many cancer settings. These treatments have had therapeutic success for hematological malignancies but their impact on solid tumors remains limited. To succeed in the solid tumor setting, NK cells must enter the tumor microenvironment, with its low oxygen concentration (hypoxia), and retain functionality. Hypoxia is known to impair NK cell function, but a greater understanding of the mechanisms driving this impairment could lead to improvements in NK cell immunotherapy for solid tumors.MethodsWe used an advanced incubator system: AVATARTM (Xcell biosciences), to finely tune the oxygen conditions in vitro to mimic the physiologic (5–12% oxygen) and hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions found in vivo. Human NK cells were isolated from healthy donor blood and cultured with a low dose of interleukin 15 for up to 7 days, at 20% oxygen (standard incubator) or at 12%, 5% or 1% oxygen, to replicate the physiological conditions found in blood, bone marrow or hypoxic tumor, respectively. Phenotypes were analyzed by mass cytometry. Confocal and live cell imaging examined the cytotoxic process. Metabolic processes were assessed by flow cytometry and Seahorse assay. RNAseq and ATACseq were performed.ResultsNK cells were capable of natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity at physiological oxygen concentrations (5–20% oxygen), but killing was impaired under hypoxia (1% oxygen). Examination of the cytotoxic process revealed conjugate formation, polarization of granules to the synapse and granule release were not impaired by hypoxia. However, granzyme B (a component of cytotoxic granules) and the death receptor TRAIL were decreased in NK cells exposed to hypoxia (figure 1A). RNAseq revealed upregulation of histone demethylases under hypoxia, with a shift in metabolism and decrease in the cell cycle. Glycolysis was upregulated under hypoxia and there was a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species. ATACseq revealed profound epigenetic regulation of NK cells exposed to hypoxia, with limited changes occurring in NK cells cultured in 20% oxygen (figure 1B). Activation, adhesion, killing, proliferation and cytokine secretion were all pathways differentially regulated under hypoxia compared to 20% oxygen.ConclusionsNK cells exposed to hypoxia fail to kill tumor cells. Mechanistically, a lack of granzyme B and death receptors contribute to this deficit. ATACseq reveals epigenetic signatures associated with NK cell function that may allow interventions crucial to overcome barriers to solid tumor immunotherapy.AcknowledgementsWe would like to acknowledge the services of the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, the University Imaging Centers and the University Flow Cytometry Resource, all University of Minnesota.Abstract 638 Figure 1NK cells are altered by exposure to hypoxia. Human NK cells from healthy donor blood were cultured in standard incubators (20% oxygen) or hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 7 days. (A) The relative abundance of granzyme B and TRAIL were compared on these NK cells at day 7 by time of flight mass cytometry. Analyzed by differential expression analysis through Astrolabe Diagnostics. Each line represents a donor. (B) Venn diagram of overlap between ATACseq differential expression analysis peaks. 2,413 regions were open at day 7 compared to day 0, when cultured under hypoxia (red circle); 365 regions were open at day 7 compared to day 0, when cultured in standard incubators (yellow circle).


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