scholarly journals Complement fixation with antigens prepared from bluetongue virus-infected mouse brains

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kipps
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Infected Mouse ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Serological Specificity

Six strains of bluetongue virus were compared by cross complement-fixation tests performed on Perspex sheets according to the method of Fulton & Dumbell using antigens derived from crude saline extracts, and acetone and ether extracts, of infected suckling mouse brains. Only minor differences were encountered with the former and no significant differences with the latter. The reasons for this are discussed.In the neutralization tests important differences were demonstrated between strains.There is evidence that the soluble antigen is composed of particles of varying size, that the smaller particles are responsible for the marked overlapping in the complement-fixation tests, and that increasing complexity associated with increasing particle size may be concerned with increasing serological specificity.

scholarly journals A comparison of complement-fixation titres in poliomyelitis-infected tissue-culture fluids and mouse brains

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golda Selzer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus

Ultra-centrifugation of emulsions from suckling mouse brains infected with the MEF1 strain of poliomyelitis virus separates a non-infective antigen, or soluble antigen, from infective virus. This antigen is responsible for most of the complement fixation and explains the high titres obtained. On the other hand, the same virus, and also Mahoney, Type 1 poliomyelitis virus, grown in monkey kidney tissue culture, fail to produce this soluble antigen, and this is probably a factor in the low complement-fixing titres obtained in tests with these fluids.The author would like to express her appreciation of Miss M. Butchart's valuable technical assistance.

La Crosse virus soluble cell culture antigen

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-626
Author(s):  
H S Lindsey ◽  
R A Klimas ◽  
J F Obijeski
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
La Crosse Virus ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Brain Antigen ◽  
Antigen Protein

A virus-free soluble antigen, obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation of the supernatant fluids of La Crosse virus-infected BHK-21 cell cultures, was more reactive and more specific than infected suckling mouse brain antigen when compared by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis tests. By complement fixation tests, the antigen was cross-reactive with heterologous California group arbovirus hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluids, but to a lesser degree than was the standard sucrose-acetone-extracted infected suckling mouse brain antigen. The major virion nucleocapsid protein of La Crosse virus was found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be the soluble antigen protein responsible for precipitation in immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis tests.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON INFLUENZA VIRUS

1941 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin H. Lennette ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Swine Virus ◽  
Specific Fixation ◽  
Mouse Lungs

Influenza complement fixation tests designed for use with ferret serum are described. Complement-fixing antigens derived from influenza ferret lungs were unsatisfactory due to their low content of soluble antigen; those prepared from mouse lungs or developing chick embryo membranes proved to be better antigenically and were reliable when the various reagents in the test were properly adjusted to eliminate non-specific fixation of complement. The results of cross complement fixation tests indicated that the soluble antigens of the PR8 and W.S. strains of influenza A virus were closely similar, if not identical. They indicated also that the soluble antigen of swine virus possessed components present in the antigens of the human strains of virus.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall ◽  
R. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Protein Nature

The soluble antigen of lymphocytic choriomeningitis which is readily separable from the virus is a relatively stable substance and appears to be of a protein nature. A specific precipitin reaction can be demonstrated when immune serum is added to solutions of antigen which have been freed of certain serologically inactive substances. The complement-fixation and precipitation reactions which occur in the presence of immune serum and non-infectious extracts of splenic tissue obtained from guinea pigs moribund with lymphocytic choriomeningitis seem to be manifestations of union of the same soluble antigen and its antibody. On the other hand, the antisoluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances appear to be different entities.

Particle Size of Soluble Antigen of Rabies Virus

1953 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polson ◽  
P. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Soluble Antigen

scholarly journals Experiments with the soluble antigen of rabies in suckling mouse brains

1957 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Ende ◽  
A. Polson ◽  
G. S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Live Virus

A study has been made of the properties of soluble antigen in the brains of infant mice infected intracerebrally with the Flury strain of rabies virus.Soluble antigen is produced at the same time as infective virus, and reaches a high concentration in a period of 2–3 days.It can be partially purified by precipitation at pH 4·3. It is partially resistant to the action of trypsin, RNAse and DNAse. It is relatively stable at pH 6–10.Experimental results suggest that the soluble antigen remains antigenically active after heating at 56° C. and treatment with 0·5% phenol or 0·35% formal-dehyde, but that such heating markedly reduces the ability to stimulate formation of neutralizing antibody.Rabbits and mice appear to differ in the production of neutralizing antibody following immunization against soluble antigen in which residual live virus was inactivated by heat, phenol or formaldehyde.It is suggested that this difference may depend on the different susceptibility to traces of incompletely inactivated virus remaining in the immunizing antigens.The authors are grateful to Miss T. Madsen for her assistance in some aspects of this work. Dr N. Sapeika kindly made available facilities for the in vitro anaphylaxis experiments.Financial assistance was received from the Nkana-Kitwe and Chingola Poliomyelitis Research Funds.

scholarly journals Recovery of bluetongue virus serogroup from sera collected for a serological survey from apparently healthy cattle, from the Sudan

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. E. Abu Elzein
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYVirus of the bluetongue (BT) serogroup was recovered from 11% of cattle sera collected from apparently healthy animals in Khartoum Province for the sole purpose of screening for BT antibodies. Since these sera did not contain BT antibodies, the donor cattle could have been scored as BT free in the serological survey.Virus was initially isolated in chicken embryos inoculated intravascularly, and was further adapted to Vero cell cultures. Isolates were identified as belonging to the BT serogroup using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and complement fixation (CF) tests.The results indicated that cattle in the Sudan could harbour BT virus without showing symptoms of the disease. Such an observation necessitates further work to clarify the role of cattle in the epidemiology of BT in the Sudan.

scholarly journals An analysis of the complement-fixation reaction in influenza

1945 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
Mouse Lung Tissue ◽  
Serial Dilutions

1. An analysis of the complement-fixation reaction in influenza has been made by the use of chess-board experiments in which serial dilutions of antigen are tested against serial dilutions of serum with a constant dose of complement.2. The reaction has been shown to be a complex one, involving two different antigens, the virus elementary body and the soluble antigen.3. The soluble antigens of all strains of influenza virus A are identical, and different from the antigen of virus B.4. The elementary body is a complex of several different antigens, and differences in antigenic structure can be detected between different strains of virus A. All elementary body preparations, however, contain soluble antigen which may be an intrinsic part of the elementary body or may be adsorbed.5. The most suitable antigen for use in epidemiological studies is one containing chiefly soluble antigen, and a description is given of the method of preparation and use of such an antigen derived from infected mouse-lung tissue.The author wishes to express his indebtedness to Dr C. H. Andrewes for some of the strains of influenza virus used in this work.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON SCRUB TYPHUS

1946 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Smadel ◽  
Fred L. Rights ◽  
Elizabeth B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Serological Activity

A complement-fixing antigen specific for scrub typhus occurs in the body fluids and tissues of infected mice, white rats, and cotton rats. The specific serological substance is demonstrable only in those animals which develop a rapidly fatal disease after an incubation period of a few days. Such an experimental infection is induced in mice and rats by the intravenous injection of suspensions of yolk sac rich in R. orientalis. Ether extraction is an important step in the preparation of a complement-fixing antigen from tissues of mice dying with scrub typhus. The Imphal No. 8 and Calcutta strains of R. orientalis are indistinguishable on the basis of complement fixation and cross-immunity tests. The complement-fixing antigen in body fluids of infected mice and rats and in our preparations of tissues from such animals occurs as a soluble antigen. Under the proper conditions the soluble antigen can be stored or dehydrated without loss of serological activity.

scholarly journals The multiplication of influenza viruses in the fertile egg

1950 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Elementary Body

Hoyle & Fairbrother (1937) showed that tissues infected with influenza virus contained two distinct particles, the infective virus elementary body, and a smaller particle, the soluble antigen, which could be demonstrated by complement-fixation tests.

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