Tympanic membrane retraction and middle-ear pressure

Acute middle ear (ME) and inner ear changes following brief unilateral phasic ME pressure changes (up to ± 6000/mm H2O) were studied in the guinea pig. Middle ear findings included perforation of the tympanic membrane, serous and serosanguinous exudate and hemorrhage of tympanic membrane and periosteal vessels. Changes were related to magnitude of applied pressure. Perforation and hemorrhage were more commonly seen with negative rather than positive pressure. Air bubbles behind the round window were seen with positive pressures. Occasional distortion, but never perforation of the round window, was noted. Hemorrhage of the scala tympani was observed with both positive and negative pressures; scala vestibuli hemorrhage was found with negative ME pressure. In some instances pressure direction and magnitude related changes were seen in the contralateral ear.

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Influence of middle ear pressure alteration and middle ear effusion on vibration characteristics of human tympanic membrane

10.1117/12.209109 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Norbert Stasche ◽

Karl Hoermann ◽

Hans-Jochen Foth ◽

Frank Bernecker ◽

Thomas G. Barton

Keyword(s):

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Vibration Characteristics ◽

Middle Ear Effusion ◽

Middle Ear Pressure ◽

Human Tympanic Membrane ◽

Ear Effusion

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Grommets and cholesteatoma in children

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221510010711x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 (11) ◽

pp. 1000-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. Herdman ◽

J. L. W. Wright

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽

History Of ◽

Epithelial Invasion ◽

Tympanic Membrane Retraction

Cholesteatoma in children may be a sequel to chronic exudative otitis media with tympanic membrane retraction but he the role of grommets in the possible facilitation of squamous epithelial invasion into the middle ear is not yet clear. A retrospective study was made of the history and prior treatment in 25 children who underwent mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at St. Mary's Hospital between 1975 and 1986. Thirteen patients had undergone previous middle ear aeration procedures which included myringotomy, cortical mastoidectomy and grommets. There was no difference in the site or severity of cholesteatoma in the operated and non-operated cases. Of the seven patients with a history of multiple grommets three had primarily attic, and three had primarily mesotympanic disease. The latter had greater ossicular erosion. One patient with an intact tympanic membrane had grommet insertion subsequently developed a cholesteatoma. While cholesteatoma due directly to the presence of grommets is rare, it appears that children who require multiple grommet insertions constitute a high risk group and should be very closely monitored.

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“EFFECT OF ANTERIOR NASAL PACKING ON MIDDLE EAR FUNCTION AND HEARING: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY”

UP STATE JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY ◽

10.36611/upjohns/2020/issue1/2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol VOLUME 8 (ISSUE 1) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Sachin Jain

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Key Words ◽

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Nasal Packing ◽

Middle Ear Pressure ◽

A Prospective Study

Introduction- The Eustachian tube provides an anatomic communication between the middle ear and nasopharynx, and maintains pressure equality across the tympanic membrane. Objective- To see the effect of anterior nasal packing on Otological symptoms, middle ear pressure and hearing Materials and method- This prospective study was carried out during period of September 2018 till August 2019. 100 ears were taken in the study. Middle ear pressure and hearing threshold were evaluated by Tympanometry and Audiometry respectively. Results- Postoperatively two days after anterior nasal packing, there was increase in no. of patient ears with ear fullness, ear ache, tinnitus, hearing threshold and abnormal negative middle ear pressure. After removal of nasal packing up to twelve weeks, improvement in middle ear pressure and hearing threshold was seen. Conclusion- Anterior nasal packing causes decrease in middle ear pressure and increase in hearing threshold. Key words- Eustachian tube, Middle ear pressure, Hearing threshold

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Detection of tympanic membrane movement using film patch with integrated strain gauge, assessed by optical coherence tomography: experimental study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215110002859 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 125 (5) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T Just ◽

T Zehlicke ◽

O Specht ◽

W Sass ◽

C Punke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Strain Gauge ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Middle Ear Pressure ◽

Pressure Changes

AbstractObjective:We report an ex vivo and in vivo experimental study of a device designed to measure tympanic membrane movement under normal and pathological conditions, assessed using optical coherence tomography.Materials and methods:We designed two types of flexible, round film patch with integrated strain gauge, to be attached to the tympanic membrane in order to measure tympanic membrane movement. Tympanic membrane attachment was assessed using optical coherence tomography. The devices were tested experimentally using an ex vivo model with varying middle-ear pressure.Results:Optical coherence tomography reliably assessed attachment of the film patch to the tympanic membrane, before and after middle-ear pressure changes. Strain gauge voltage changes were directly proportional to middle-ear pressure recordings, for low pressure changes. Tympanic membrane perforations smaller than 2 mm could be sealed off with the film patch.Conclusion:Attachment of the film patch with integrated strain gauge to the tympanic membrane was not ideal. Nevertheless, the strain gauge was able to precisely detect small pressure changes within the middle ear, in this experimental model.

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Chloral hydrate and middle ear pressure

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100116196 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 421-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khader J. Abdul-Baqi

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Chloral Hydrate ◽

Middle Ear Pressure ◽

Infants And Young Children

AbstractMiddle ear pressure and tympanic membrane compliance were measured in 34 infants and young children (66 ears) with normal middle ears under oral choral hydrate hypnosis. Tympanograms were performed before and 40 to 60 minutes after administration of the drug. Results showed that the middle ear pressure increased significantly in all cases and in both sexes. This increase ranged between +19 and +219 mm H2O. In all cases the pressure returned to its prehypnotic values after recovery. Results of tympanic membrane compliance showed significant increase in males and not significant decrease in females.

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Applied comparative physiology of the avian middle ear: the effect of static pressure changes in columellar ears

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215106002581 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 120 (12) ◽

pp. 1005-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R Mills ◽

J Zhang

Keyword(s):

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Static Pressure ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Comparative Physiology ◽

Middle Ear Pressure ◽

Human Middle Ear ◽

Pressure Changes

We investigated the motion of the single ossicle found in the middle ears of four different species of birds. In the avian middle ear, the off centre attachment of the extracolumella to the tympanic membrane and the flexion of the joint between the extracolumella and columella results in rocking of the footplate rather than direct excursion in and out of the vestibule. We postulate that this is a protective mechanism to avoid excessive displacement of the footplate into the vestibule during changes in middle-ear pressure and that it is analogous to the ossicular ‘decoupling’ observed in the human middle ear in the same circumstances.

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Pathogenesis of Retraction Pocket of the Tympanic Membrane—A Narrative Review

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57050425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 425

Author(s):

Milan Urík ◽

Miroslav Tedla ◽

Pavel Hurník

Keyword(s):

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Retraction Pocket ◽

Middle Ear Pressure ◽

A Current

Several theories describe the development of the retraction pocket of the tympanic membrane (RP). Many authors suggest that the negative middle ear pressure is the main reason responsible for developing this condition. A narrative review has been undertaken, and conclusions are drawn reflecting a current knowledge with our new observations in the histological and immunohistochemical study. Recent studies show the important role of inflammation in the development and progression of RP. A review of the available literature shows that the inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis of the RP and its progression to the cholesteatoma. We support this statement with our new results from histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the RPs.

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