Chloral hydrate and middle ear pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khader J. Abdul-Baqi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractMiddle ear pressure and tympanic membrane compliance were measured in 34 infants and young children (66 ears) with normal middle ears under oral choral hydrate hypnosis. Tympanograms were performed before and 40 to 60 minutes after administration of the drug. Results showed that the middle ear pressure increased significantly in all cases and in both sexes. This increase ranged between +19 and +219 mm H2O. In all cases the pressure returned to its prehypnotic values after recovery. Results of tympanic membrane compliance showed significant increase in males and not significant decrease in females.

Tympanometric Detection of Middle Ear Effusion in Infants and Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-210
Author(s):  
Jack L. Paradise ◽  
Clyde G. Smith ◽  
Charles D. Bluestone
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Tympanometry, a test of middle ear status new to clinical pediatrics, was carried out on 280 subjects, 10 days through 5 years of age. The tympanograms obtained were compared with otoscopic findings and, in 107 of the subjects, with findings at myringotomy. Seven distinct tympanometric curve types were identified and defined, based on their degree of correlation with the presence or absence of middle ear effusion. In subjects 7 months of age and older, curves suggesting normal (high) tympanic membrane compliance in combination with atmospheric or near-atmospheric middle ear air pressure were rarely associated with effusion. Conversely, curves suggesting low tympanic membrane compliance were highly correlated with the presence of effusion. Curves suggesting intermediate compliance or reduced middle ear air pressure were also correlated with effusion, but the degree of correlation was dependent on the shape of the curve. In infants less than 7 months of age, many of the ears with effusion had "normal" tympanograms, presumably because external auditory canal walls in such infants tend to be highly distensible. Tympanometry is a simple, rapid, atraumatic, valid, and objective test, easily administered by paraprofessional personnel. Its use can result in improved detection of middle ear effusion and other middle ear abnormalities, and also appears to promote improvement in diagnostic acumen.

Anatomical Effects of Sudden Middle Ear Pressure Changes

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Axelsson ◽  
J. Miller ◽  
M. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Pressure Changes

Acute middle ear (ME) and inner ear changes following brief unilateral phasic ME pressure changes (up to ± 6000/mm H2O) were studied in the guinea pig. Middle ear findings included perforation of the tympanic membrane, serous and serosanguinous exudate and hemorrhage of tympanic membrane and periosteal vessels. Changes were related to magnitude of applied pressure. Perforation and hemorrhage were more commonly seen with negative rather than positive pressure. Air bubbles behind the round window were seen with positive pressures. Occasional distortion, but never perforation of the round window, was noted. Hemorrhage of the scala tympani was observed with both positive and negative pressures; scala vestibuli hemorrhage was found with negative ME pressure. In some instances pressure direction and magnitude related changes were seen in the contralateral ear.

“EFFECT OF ANTERIOR NASAL PACKING ON MIDDLE EAR FUNCTION AND HEARING: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY”

2020 ◽  
Vol VOLUME 8 (ISSUE 1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Sachin Jain
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction- The Eustachian tube provides an anatomic communication between the middle ear and nasopharynx, and maintains pressure equality across the tympanic membrane. Objective- To see the effect of anterior nasal packing on Otological symptoms, middle ear pressure and hearing Materials and method- This prospective study was carried out during period of September 2018 till August 2019. 100 ears were taken in the study. Middle ear pressure and hearing threshold were evaluated by Tympanometry and Audiometry respectively. Results- Postoperatively two days after anterior nasal packing, there was increase in no. of patient ears with ear fullness, ear ache, tinnitus, hearing threshold and abnormal negative middle ear pressure. After removal of nasal packing up to twelve weeks, improvement in middle ear pressure and hearing threshold was seen. Conclusion- Anterior nasal packing causes decrease in middle ear pressure and increase in hearing threshold. Key words- Eustachian tube, Middle ear pressure, Hearing threshold

Cholesteatoma Medial to an Intact Tympanic Membrane in 34 Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Richard H. Schwartz ◽  
Kenneth M. Grundfast ◽  
Bruce Feldman ◽  
Richard E. Linde ◽  
Karen L. Hermansen
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Simple Excision ◽  
Otoscopic Examination

Thirty-five cholesteatomas medial to intact eardrums were treated in 34 children between 1976 and 1982. Six (18%) children had never had a documented episode of otitis media. Seventeen (50%) children, in whom the lesion was diagnosed at an early stage, underwent simple excision of the cholesteatoma without the need for extensive middle ear surgery. Findings from postoperative audiograms were normal for all such children. Cholesteatoma has recurred in eight (23%) children to date. Most recurrences were diagnosed 15 months or less after surgery. Routine careful otoscopic examination is essential in order to discover cholesteatoma at an early stage and to avoid hearing loss and the need for extensive otomastoid surgery. In order to perform an accurate examination of the eardrum, a halogen-illuminated otoscope and pneumo-otoscopy should be used by the pediatrician routinely. Particular attention should be paid to the posterior-superior quadrant of the tympanic membrance where a cholesteatoma is usually located.

Detection of tympanic membrane movement using film patch with integrated strain gauge, assessed by optical coherence tomography: experimental study

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Just ◽  
T Zehlicke ◽  
O Specht ◽  
W Sass ◽  
C Punke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes

AbstractObjective:We report an ex vivo and in vivo experimental study of a device designed to measure tympanic membrane movement under normal and pathological conditions, assessed using optical coherence tomography.Materials and methods:We designed two types of flexible, round film patch with integrated strain gauge, to be attached to the tympanic membrane in order to measure tympanic membrane movement. Tympanic membrane attachment was assessed using optical coherence tomography. The devices were tested experimentally using an ex vivo model with varying middle-ear pressure.Results:Optical coherence tomography reliably assessed attachment of the film patch to the tympanic membrane, before and after middle-ear pressure changes. Strain gauge voltage changes were directly proportional to middle-ear pressure recordings, for low pressure changes. Tympanic membrane perforations smaller than 2 mm could be sealed off with the film patch.Conclusion:Attachment of the film patch with integrated strain gauge to the tympanic membrane was not ideal. Nevertheless, the strain gauge was able to precisely detect small pressure changes within the middle ear, in this experimental model.

Comparison of rectal, axillary, and tympanic membrane temperatures in infants and young children

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K Muma ◽  
David J Treloar ◽  
Karen Wurmlinger ◽  
Edward Peterson ◽  
April Vitae
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Applied comparative physiology of the avian middle ear: the effect of static pressure changes in columellar ears

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mills ◽  
J Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Physiology ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Human Middle Ear ◽  
Pressure Changes

We investigated the motion of the single ossicle found in the middle ears of four different species of birds. In the avian middle ear, the off centre attachment of the extracolumella to the tympanic membrane and the flexion of the joint between the extracolumella and columella results in rocking of the footplate rather than direct excursion in and out of the vestibule. We postulate that this is a protective mechanism to avoid excessive displacement of the footplate into the vestibule during changes in middle-ear pressure and that it is analogous to the ossicular ‘decoupling’ observed in the human middle ear in the same circumstances.

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