Flor do Abacate: Workers of African Descent, Dancing Associations and Nationality in Rio de Janeiro, 1898–1914

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
LEONARDO AFFONSO DE MIRANDA PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dance Clubs ◽  
Women Of African Descent ◽  
National Profile

AbstractFrom the last years of the nineteenth century until the first decades of the twentieth, the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro witnessed a new social phenomenon: the proliferation, in every neighbourhood, of small dance clubs formed by workers. Noteworthy among them was the Flor do Abacate, a recreational society founded in 1906 by a group of men and women of African descent. Far from making any claim to ‘being African’, this association promoted balls and parades in which African cultural heritage was shown in conjunction with other cultural logics valued as modern and cosmopolitan. As a consequence, it constituted a model of recreational society, black and modern at the same time, which its members tried to associate to a national profile. The objective of this article is to analyse both the logic that explains the organisation of this dance society and the challenges that its members faced in consolidating it.

scholarly journals Maids, Clerks, and the Shifting Landscape of Labor Relations in Rio de Janeiro, 1830s–1880s

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (S25) ◽  
pp. 45-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Espada Lima ◽  
Fabiane Popinigis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Legal Proceedings

AbstractThis article focuses on the lives of workers in small commerce and in domestic service in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro. It seeks to understand both what united and what differentiated maids (criadas) and clerks (caixeiros), two types of laborers whose lives and work had much in common, and two categories of labor that, although ubiquitous, are frequently overlooked in Brazilian labor history. We consider how, together, class, gender, and race shaped the divergent trajectories ofcriadasandcaixeirosover the course of the nineteenth century, and what the legal disputes in which they were involved during that period can teach us about the shifting dynamics in labor relations in a society marked by both slavery and labor dependency more broadly. As sources for this analysis, we draw on documents produced by legal proceedings from the 1830s through the 1880s, in which men and women involved in petty commerce and domestic service presented their cases before the courts to claim their unpaid wages.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Wim Klooster ◽  
Gert Oostindie
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
New World ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Women Of African Descent ◽  
The Guianas

Slavery was a major pillar of the Dutch Atlantic, from West Africa via the insular Caribbean to the Guianas. Increasingly, free men and women of African descent were increasingly visible in the Dutch military forces, and in colonial port cities, where they were employed as domestic servants and artisans, and contributed to the maritime economy. Dutch traders became the great intermediaries of the Atlantic world, providing a reliable alternative source of European consumer goods and a market for any sort of New World products, thus enabling foreign mercantilism to function better. The great diversity of European backgrounds of the whites was a serious obstacle to the transmission of Dutchness in the colonies in Guiana and the insular Caribbean. Creolization not only marked the birth, particularly in the Guianas, of new Afro-Caribbean cultures, but equally of new cultural forms deriving from the asymmetrical “encounters” between Africans, Europeans, and to a much lesser degree Amerindians.

Imperatives, Impossibilities, and Intimacies in the Imperial Archive: Chinese Men and Women of Colour in Early Nineteenth-Century Trinidad

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Extant Population

In this article, I elaborate on Lisa Lowe’s “intimacies as method” by examining the case of 198 Chinese men conscripted to Trinidad in 1806. I argue that tracing Chinese migration to the Caribbean in the early nineteenth century demonstrates that the British empire began to imagine new hierarchies of unfreedom for people of Asian and African descent before the abolition of chattel slavery. British imperial actors hoped that Chinese men would assume a mediating function between white planters and the extant population of colour in Trinidad. This vision was predicated on the assumption that the migrants would partner with women of colour to form heterosexual intimacies while also refraining from other forms of socio-political contact with Afro-Trinidadians. Lowe’s intimacies as method guides my navigation of the imperial archive and, in particular, compels me to think relationally about differentially colonized and racialized sub jects in early nineteenth-century Trinidad, both as they were positioned in the colony and as they refused these stereotypes, brokering their own transactions and collaborations.

“The Lord walks among the pots and pans”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
African Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
Women Of African Descent

This chapter examines Christianity as a lived experience for women of African descent, both in the world and in the cloister. By the seventeenth century, thousands of free and enslaved men and women of African descent lived in monasteries and convents throughout Latin America, including the urban areas of Brazil, Peru, and Mexico. Many served as donados/donadas, legos/legas, or freilas (synonyms for religious servants). This chapter investigates the religious lives of free Afro-Peruvian women who served as donadas in the female convents of seventeenth-century Lima. In particular, it considers how donadas negotiated a hierarchically ordered environment to gain prominence as spiritual beings. It also discusses the matriarchal intimacies of convent life and the positionality of donadas relative to others within the convents as well as their ability to effectuate a spiritual life. It shows that a variety of issues motivated women of African heritage to become donadas, including the desire to ensure their freedom.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

Priesthood Ordination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Stapley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church ◽  
Power And Authority

Early Mormons used the Book of Mormon as the basis for their ecclesiology and understanding of the open heaven. Church leaders edited, harmonized, and published Joseph Smith’s revelation texts, expanding understandings of ecclesiastical priesthood office. Joseph Smith then revealed the Nauvoo Temple liturgy, with its cosmology that equated heaven, kinship, and priesthood. This cosmological priesthood was materialized through sealings at the temple altar and was the context for expansive teachings incorporating women into priesthood. This cosmology was also the basis for polygamy, temple adoption, and restrictions on the participation of black men and women in the church. This framework gave way at the end of the nineteenth century to a new priesthood cosmology introduced by Joseph F. Smith based on male ecclesiastical office. As church leaders expanded the meaning of priesthood to comprise the entire power and authority of God, they struggled to integrate women into church cosmology.

Acting Between the Spheres: Charlotte Cushman as Androgyne

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-66
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Reitz Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Audience Member ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Contemporary Theatre ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Human Figure

On 29 December 1845, Charlotte Cushman did an extraordinary thing at the Haymarket theatre: she convincingly transformed herself into a man. Audience members who witnessed this performance were captivated by “the transmuting power” of Cushman's “genius” as she became Romeo. This production (and Cushman's Romeo in general) continues to fascinate both contemporary theatre historians and feminist scholars, who are equally impressed with Cushman's seeming ability to create an unsettling paradox. In a recent article, Anne Russell discusses the positive reception that Cushman's Romeo received and questions how the cross-dressed actress could have been so successful “in a period when dominant gender ideologies assumed clearly delineated separate spheres for men and women, when stage reviewers as a manner of routine assessed the ‘womanliness’ or ‘manliness’ of characters and performers.” As Russell explains, the nineteenth-century audience member, critic, and/or commentator read the human figure on stage as either male or female; indeed, such antithetic thinking was pervasive throughout nineteenth-century culture. Cushman was unique, however, in that she repeatedly defied such categorization, both in her theatrical performances and in her “private” life.

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