Endemism and extinction of a new genus of Chionine (Veneridae: Chioninae) bivalve from the Late Neogene of Venezuela

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Roopnarine
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Tropical America

Liromissus, a new genus of chionine bivalve from the Neogene of Venezuela, serves as an example of the link between geographic range, endemism and extinction susceptibility. Unlike other Neogene tropical American chionine genera, Liromissus was not widespread in the tropical Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, but was instead restricted to the Atlantic Gatunian region. Late Neogene extinctions in tropical America affected taxa with restricted geographic ranges, and regions with higher degrees of endemism more severely. Accordingly, Liromissus is the only tropical chionine genus to suffer extinction during the Neogene.The type species of Liromissus, L. quirosensis, was originally described as a member of the genus Lirophora. Morphological considerations preclude this assignment, but also demonstrate that Liromissus possesses all the characters diagnostic of the Chioninae.

Distribution, history, and taxonomy of the Thais clade (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the Neogene of tropical America

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geerat J. Vermeij
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Large Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
The Caribbean

The earliest known members of the Thais clade of rapanine muricid neogastropods comprise four species from the Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: Burdigalian) of Venezuela; three of these species are new. Neorapana rotundata Gibson-Smith et al., 1997, is most closely related to the Recent Pacific Mexican N. tuberculata (Sowerby, 1835), and represents the only known Atlantic occurrence of the genus. Thais brevicula new species is closest to T. callaoensis (Gray, 1828) from the Recent of northern Peru and the Galápagos. A review of the genus Thais indicates that the typical members of this group occur in the South Atlantic, West Africa, and eastern Pacific, but not in the Recent fauna of the southern Caribbean. Stramonita bifida new species is a large species related to the Recent S. haemastoma floridana (Conrad, 1837), which occurs throughout the Caribbean. A review of American species of Stramonita indicates that the taxon S. biserialis (de Blainville, 1832) from the Recent fauna of the eastern Pacific, and the taxon S. h. haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767), may each be composed of more than one species despite the teleplanic dispersal of their larvae. Stramonita semiplicata new species is closely related to the Recent S. bicarinata (de Blainville, 1832) from the South Atlantic, and represents a lineage that occurred in the Caribbean region until at least the late Miocene. It may have given rise to the eastern Pacific genus Acanthais. The higher diversity and greater antipredatory specialization of eastern Pacific as compared to western Atlantic members of the Thais clade may have resulted from higher post-Miocene rates of speciation and lower extinction rates in the eastern Pacific.

scholarly journals Molluscan diversification and extinction on opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Jeremy B. C. Jackson ◽  
Peter Jung
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Early Pliocene ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Final Closure

Molluscs are the most diverse and abundant tropical American macrofossils, but their distributions and evolution are not well understood. Classic studies by Olsson and Woodring documented a rich Late Miocene to Early Pliocene “Gatunian” fauna throughout the Caribbean and tropical Eastern Pacific, with many species in common between the oceans. This fauna was divided by formation of the Isthmus of Panama, and diverged into distinct Pacific and Caribbean faunas sometime thereafter. Diversity also decreased by about half in the Caribbean. However, the timing, rates and correlation of these major biological changes with changes in environmental conditions have not been resolved because of imprecise dating and taxonomy and failure to consider problems of sampling and biofacies in biological comparisons. We used the newly revised late Neogene stratigraphy for Panama and Costa Rica to date for the first time the radiation and extinction of molluscs on opposite sides of the Isthmus. Data include occurrences throughout tropical America for nearly 100 species of the Strombina-group (Gastropoda, Columbellidae) and for more than 500 gastropod and bivalve genera from 240 Late Miocene to Pleistocene isthmian collections.All evidence suggests that final closure of the Isthmus of Panama occurred between 3.5 and 2.5 My. Subgeneric divergence between the oceans was well developed, and trans-isthmian species were rare by the Early Pliocene, at least 2 Ma before final closure. Caribbean diversity remained high until 1.8 to 1.5 Ma when massive but selective extinction occurred. This was at least 1 Ma after final closure of the Isthmus, and may be correlated with onset of slightly cooler Caribbean sea surface temperatures in the Pleistocene. In contrast, Eastern Pacific diversity did not decline, and even increased during the Pleistocene.

Remarks on Inachoididae Dana, 1851, with the description of a new genus and the resurrection of Stenorhynchinae Dana, 1851, and recognition of the inachid subfamily Podochelinae Neumann, 1878 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3416 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIÈLE GUINOT
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
The Status

A new inachoidid genus Paulita n. gen. is established for Paradasygyius tuberculatus (Lemos de Castro, 1949), from thewestern Atlantic. Paulita tuberculata (Lemos de Castro, 1949) n. comb. differs from Paradasygyius depressus (Bell,1835), from the eastern Pacific, the type species and only remaining species of Paradasygyius Garth, 1958, by a numberof characters mainly related to the carapace, thoracic sternum, abdomen, and first gonopod. Paulita n. gen. shares the di-agnostic characters of Inachoididae Dana, 1851, in particular the latero-external parts of pleurites 5–8 that extend beyondeach side of the carapace and are calcified and ornamented like the carapace, resulting in the insertion of the carapace intoa setting gutter. Stenorhynchus Lamarck, 1818, is transferred from Inachidae to Inachoididae, and the subfamily Steno-rhynchinae Dana, 1851, is resurrected. Inachoididae now consists of at least two subfamilies: Inachoidinae Dana, 1851,and Stenorhynchinae, whereas the status of Salaciinae H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842, remains uncertain. The status ofseveral other American genera traditionally included in Inachidae is discussed, leading to the recognition of the followingsubfamilies besides the Inachinae emend.: Podochelinae Neumann, 1878, which is here resurrected, Anomalopodinae Stimpson, 1871, and perhaps also Eucinetopinae Števčić, 2005.

First finding of the shrimp genus Harperalpheus Felder & Anker, 2007 in the eastern Pacific, with description of a new species from Bahía Málaga, Colombia (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR ANKER ◽  
JUAN FELIPE LAZARUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Holotype Specimen ◽  
First Finding ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Antennular Peduncle

A new infaunal species of the rare alpheid genus Harperalpheus Felder & Anker, 2007 is described from Bahía Málaga,  Pacific coast of Colombia, based on single, incomplete holotype specimen. Harperalpheus leptodactylus sp. nov. may be easily separated from the western Atlantic type species and only other species of the genus, H. pequegnatae Felder & Anker, 2007, by several morphological characters on the first and fifth pereiopod, as well as on the antennular peduncle. 

Eoplicoplasia, a new genus of Silurian–Lower Devonian ambocoeliid brachiopods

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Johnson ◽  
A. C. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Geographic Range

The genus Plicoplasia Boucot, 1959 (type species P. cooperi Boucot, 1959), embraces certain Lower Devonian brachiopods of the subfamily Ambocoeliinae, family Ambocoeliidae. The geographic range of Plicoplasia includes North America (Eastern Americas Realm) and South America and South Africa (Malvinokaffric Realm).

scholarly journals Genera of the parasitoid wasp family Monomachidae (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3188 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN F. JOHNSON ◽  
LUCIANA MUSETTI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Species Type ◽  
New Synonymy

The genera of the family Monomachidae are revised. Chasca Johnson & Musetti, new genus, is described, with two species:Chasca andina Musetti & Johnson, new species (type species, Chile) and C. gravis Musetti & Johnson, new species (Peru).The genus Tetraconus Szépligeti is treated as a junior synonym of Monomachus Klug (new synonymy), and its type species istransferred to Monomachus as M. mocsaryi (Szépligeti), new combination A phylogenetic analysis places Chasca and Mono-machus as sister-groups; within Monomachus, the three species of Australia and two species of New Guinea are basal, and the radiation of 21 species in tropical America and Valdivia is recovered as a monophyletic group.

scholarly journals Convergence, divergence, and parallelism in marine biodiversity trends: Integrating present-day and fossil data

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (16) ◽  
pp. 4903-4908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Huang ◽  
Kaustuv Roy ◽  
James W. Valentine ◽  
David Jablonski
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Fossil Data ◽  
Warm Temperate

Paleontological data provide essential insights into the processes shaping the spatial distribution of present-day biodiversity. Here, we combine biogeographic data with the fossil record to investigate the roles of parallelism (similar diversities reached via changes from similar starting points), convergence (similar diversities reached from different starting points), and divergence in shaping the present-day latitudinal diversity gradients of marine bivalves along the two North American coasts. Although both faunas show the expected overall poleward decline in species richness, the trends differ between the coasts, and the discrepancies are not explained simply by present-day temperature differences. Instead, the fossil record indicates that both coasts have declined in overall diversity over the past 3 My, but the western Atlantic fauna suffered more severe Pliocene−Pleistocene extinction than did the eastern Pacific. Tropical western Atlantic diversity remains lower than the eastern Pacific, but warm temperate western Atlantic diversity recovered to exceed that of the temperate eastern Pacific, either through immigration or in situ origination. At the clade level, bivalve families shared by the two coasts followed a variety of paths toward today’s diversities. The drivers of these lineage-level differences remain unclear, but species with broad geographic ranges during the Pliocene were more likely than geographically restricted species to persist in the temperate zone, suggesting that past differences in geographic range sizes among clades may underlie between-coast contrasts. More detailed comparative work on regional extinction intensities and selectivities, and subsequent recoveries (by in situ speciation or immigration), is needed to better understand present-day diversity patterns and model future changes.

scholarly journals Three new species and a new genus of majoid crabs from the eastern Pacific (Decapoda, Brachyura)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Colavite ◽  
Amanda Windsor ◽  
William Santana
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
General Appearance

Three new species and a new genus of majoid crabs from deep waters in the eastern Pacific are described and illustrated using morphological and molecular data. A new species of inachoidid, Collodesanartiussp. n. is described from Peru, which resembles C.tenuirostris Rathbun, 1893, in the general appearance of the carapace, but is distinguished by the details of tubercles on the carapace and thoracic sternum, proportions of the pereopod articles, and bathymetric distribution. A new epialtid, Nibiliamachalasp. n., is described from Ecuador; Nibilia A Milne-Edwards, 1878 has, until now, been considered to be monotypic, occurring only in the western Atlantic. This new species, from the eastern Pacific, closely resembles N.antilocapra (Stimpson, 1871) in the general morphology, but can be distinguished by the number of spines on the carapace and pereopods. Another epialtid, Solincaaulixgen. n. et sp. n, is establish for material collected from Ecuador and Peru, and can be easily identified from other taxa by the presence of a deep furrow between the very inflated branchial regions.

scholarly journals A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 1-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Hunting ◽  
Man-Miao Yang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Allopatric Distribution ◽  
Species Descriptions

A taxonomic review of the known Taiwanese taxa of the pericaline Lebiini, this paper includes a key to the genera, keys to species, descriptions, and redescriptions of all species, illustrations, geographic range maps, re-rankings, and new synonymies. In total 34 species are treated, nine of which are described as new. A new genus and new species are as follows:Bellavalentisgen. n., (type speciesDolichoctiskuzugamiiShibata, 1967);Amphimenesabsensacidussp. n.;Amphimenesbeichatiensissp. n.;Amphimenescarinacaulissp. n.; Catascopus(s. str.)asahartisp. n.; Catascopus(s. str.)viridiorchissp. n.; Coptodera (Coptoderina) occultasp. n.;Dolichoctisbadiadorsissp. n.;Dolichoctisdilatatasp. n.;Moctherusobscurabasissp. n.After close examination of the type material of several species, we were able to determine thatCoptoderinachaudoirianguilipennis(Nakane and Okhura) is a junior synonym of Coptodera (Coptoderina) chaudoiri Andrewes,syn. n.andCoptoderanobilisJedlička is also a junior synonym ofC.chaudoiri,syn. n.DolichoctisstriatusformosanusHabu is a junior synonym ofDolichoctisrotundata(Schmidt-Goebel),syn. n.Dolichoctis (Mochtherus) uenoi Habu is a junior synonym ofMochtherusluctuosusPutzeys,syn. n.PericalusformosanusDupuis was recently ranked as a subspecies ofPericalusornatusformosanusDupuis. After consideration of the several consistent taxonomic characteristics and also considering its allopatric distribution with all other species ofPericalus, we believePericalusformosanusDupuis to be a valid species,stat. resurr.The monobasic genusPseudomenarus(type speciesPseudomenarusflavomaculatusShibata, 1964) is established as conspecific with members of the genusFormosiellaJedlička, 1951,comb. n.Species previously recorded from Taiwan that are not present here include:AmphimenespiceolusBates;CatascopusaequatusDejean;Catascopusfacialis(Wiedemann)CoptoderainterruptaSchmidt-GoebelCoptoderaflexuosaSchmidt-Goebel andPeripristusater(Laporte). The pericaline taxa of Taiwan are arranged in 14 genera, five subgenera, and 34 currently known species. Notes on collecting circumstances, habits, and habitat are included when known.

scholarly journals A new genus for Pericera septemspinosa Stimpson, 1871 and Pericera heptacantha Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea), based on morphology and molecular data

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Jessica Colavite ◽  
Amanda M. Windsor ◽  
William Santana
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Nuclear Locus

A new genus of majoid spider crab, Pohleusgen. nov. is established for Pericera septemspinosa Stimpson, 1871 and Pericera heptacantha Bell, 1836, based on morphology and molecular data from the partial sequences of the 12S and 16S mitochondrial genes and the 18S small subunit rRNA nuclear locus. The species are re-described and illustrated, based on material from several localities of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. The carapace, antennal and pterygostomial spines, male thoracic sternum and first gonopods are distinctive characters, distinguishing Pohleusgen. nov. from species assigned to Macrocoeloma Miers, 1879, where P. septemspinosus and P. heptacanthus are currently included.

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