Batavia, 1619–1740: The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Colonial Town

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Blusse
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dynamic Function ◽  
The City

The rise and fall of a Chinese colonial town within Batavia was closely related to the transmutation in Batavia's function as a capital. In the early seventeenth century it was founded as the headquarters to a — mainly inter-Asian — maritime trading East Indies Company at war with the Iberian enemy. As the staple town to the Company, “het magazijn van derzelven producten”, it served both strategic and mercantile goals. From the late seventeenth century onwards a structural change took place. Wars with European rivals were over and trade with the motherland became emphasized at the expense of the Asian “country trade”. On Java, the Company gradually transformed itself into a territorial power, which derived its main income from a system of contingenten and verplichte leverantiën, or tributary payments. Consequently, Batavia lost most of its dynamic function as a headquarters to a maritime trade empire. The adaptation of the city into its new role, e.g., to function as a capital to a territorial hinterland, did not progress smoothly.

“Why should you be so furious?”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Bross
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Global English ◽  
East Indies ◽  
English Identity

Chapter 4 focuses on the representation of Anglo-Dutch relations from Asia to America in the seventeenth century. The chapter analyzes the representation of an incident in 1623 on the spice island Amboyna when Dutch traders tortured (with waterboarding) and killed their English rivals in the East Indies. Decades later, New England writers returning to this incident, treating it as news, invoked anti-English violence half a world away to lay claim to a global English identity. The chapter compares visual representation of the Amboyna incident with John Underhill’s “figure” of the Mystic Fort massacre in New England, arguing that these representations of violence are key elements of colonial fantasies that made (and make) real atrocities possible. The coda discusses Stephen Bradwell’s 1633 first-aid manual, partly inspired by the Amboyna incident, which maintains that properly trained, authorized metropolitan authorities can control the potential dangers of the remedies torture and tobacco.

Commercial Linkages with Central Asia and Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Northern India

While it may seem counterintuitive, the increase in Mughal India’s maritime trade contributed to a tightening of overland commercial connections with its Asian neighbors. The primary agents in this process were “Multanis,” members of any number of heavily capitalized, caste-based family firms centered in the northwest Indian region of Multan. The Multani firms had earlier developed an integrated commercial system that extended across the Punjab, Sind, and much of northern India. In the middle of the sixteenth century, Multanis first appear in historical sources as having established their own communities in Central Asia and Iran. By the middle of the seventeenth century, at any given point in time, a rotating population of some 35,000 Indian merchants orchestrated a network of communities that extended across dozens, if not hundreds, of cities and villages in Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Iran, stretching up the Caucasus and into Russia.

The Fiery Pacific: Volcanic Eruptions and Settler-State Theatricality in Oceania, 1780–1900

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-392
Author(s):  
Diana Looser
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Form Part ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Grand Opera ◽  
The City

In the closing scene of René-Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt's melodramaLa Tête de mort; ou, Les Ruines de Pompeïa(1827), audiences at Paris's Théâtre de la Gaîté were presented with the spectacular cataclysm of an erupting Mount Vesuvius that invaded the city and engulfed the hapless characters in its fiery embrace. “The theatre,” Pixérécourt writes, “is completely inundated by this sea of bitumen and lava. A shower of blazing and transparent stones and red ash falls on all sides…. The red color with which everything is struck, the terrible noise of the volcano, the screaming, the agitation and despair of the characters … all combine to form this terrible convulsion of nature, a horrible picture, and altogether worthy of being compared to Hell.” A few years later, in 1830, Daniel Auber's grand operaLa Muette de Portici(1828), which yoked a seventeenth-century eruption of Vesuvius with a popular revolt against Spanish rule in Naples, opened at the Théâtre de Monnaie in Brussels. The Belgian spectators, inspired by the opera's revolutionary sentiments, poured out into the streets and seized their country's independence from the Dutch. These two famous examples, which form part of a long genealogy of representing volcanic eruptions through various artistic means, highlight not only the compelling, immersive spectacle of nature in extremis but also the ability of stage scenery to intervene materially in the narrative action and assimilate affective and political meanings. As these two examples also indicate, however, the body of scholarship in literary studies, art history, and theatre and performance studies that attends to the mechanical strategies and symbolic purchase of volcanic representations has tended to focus mainly on Europe; more research remains to be undertaken into how volcanic spectacles have engaged with non-European topographies and sociopolitical dynamics and how this wider view might illuminate our understanding of theatre's social roles.

scholarly journals History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century

1909 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
J. H. Innes ◽  
Schuyler Van Rensselaer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

scholarly journals IKLAN ENAMEL DAN PENGGAMBARAN PERUBAHAN KOTA DI ZAMAN HINDIA BELANDA

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Rima Melati
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The City

Ads enamel is present as part of a media phenomenon in the world of advertisingcommunication made with a complex reproductive techniques and has a characteristic thatdistinguishes it from other advertising media. Factors affecting the visual content of the message inthe repertoire of developmental enamel advertising in Indonesia, developed along with the progressespecially in the areas of economy, as well as an attempt penetration with idioms - idioms to suit itstarget market.The next development was the emergence of new ideas in making an alternativeadvertisement-based enamel, such as the packaging of food products (packaging), ashtrays, trays ortrays, seat backrest, backrest calendar, memo backrest, clocks, thermometers and so giant thatcreated with an attractive design.Keywords: Ads enamel, Delineation change the city, Past the Dutch East Indies

scholarly journals ANALISIS STRUKTUR VISUAL LAMBANG KOTAPRAJA JAMAN HINDIA BELANDA DARI PERSPEKTIF WACANA POSKOLONIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novian Denny Nugraha ◽  
Sonson Nursholih
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Visual Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The simbol of municipality (big city) in Indonesia is changing from time to time, as well as changing according to the social and cultural conditions of the city. If in colonial era the simbol of the city is a representation of the power of the government or rule, and then the phenomenon is now beginning to change in the current era, where the simbol of the city functioned also for the needs of tourism. In the late Dutch East Indies colonial era around 1930s, some cities were considered to be self-reliant by government and economy, so that the government at that time made a simbol for the need to run the wheels of his government. The interesting phenomenon of the simbol of the city simbolically is the existence of simbols that are displayed, both simbols affiliated to the ruler (Dutch East Indies) and also the simbol that is a typical simbol of the city's local tradition. Composition and relationship between simbols in the city simbol is interesting to be studied and analyzed. Especially at visual structure area and meaning representation. The analysis is done by qualitative research method which is descriptive interpretative with semiotics theory approach for sign analysis and using postcolonial theory for understanding the meaning of the city simbol. The results of the analysis both in the visual structure and in the meaning shows the existence of different types of simbols that appear, as well as the discovery of the difference of simbol dominance in each simbol of the city. The relation between the simbols generated from the composition of the visual structure results in a new understanding, which in the postcolonial perspective will be interpreted by a binary opposition relationship, or the dominant/hegemonic relationship between the colonial government and the colony state, between “The Other” and “The Occident”, or between colonizing and colonized countries. Furthermore, the simbolic relation on the visual structure and meaning resulted in the ideological significance of the sociocultural conditions of the community at that time.

“Pilate Defended”

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
High Point ◽  
The City

The question of Pilate’s innocence is debated with greater sophistication at the end of the seventeenth century than ever before. A liberal professor of law in the city of Halle, Christian Thomasius, is now remembered as one of the master-thinkers of ‘secularization’ in the early Westphalian era. Yet Thomasius is rarely if ever remembered as the author of a highly interesting 1675 text On the Unjust Judgement of Pontius Pilate. Thomasius’ juridical text on Pilate is likely the high point of European legal reasoning on the innocence (or guilt) of Jesus’ Roman judge. However, Thomasius’ 1675 text is written in reply to two other forgotten texts: Pilate Defended, by Johann Steller; and A Refutation of the Defence of Pontius Pilate, by Daniel Hartnaccius. This chapter offers a reading of, and a reflection upon, this collection of early Enlightenment texts on the Roman trial of Jesus.

ILLUSTRATIONS DEPICTING THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE MYTHICAL CITY… OF TIBETAN MEDICINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Katharina Sabernig ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Text Passage ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The City ◽  
Material Form

The first chapter of the most famous treatise in Tibetan medicine called Four Treatises (Rgyud bzhi) characterises the environmental preconditions in order to practice medicine in a perfect way. One of these aspects is the description of the mythical city called Lta na sdug where a precious palace of the Buddha of medicine is situated. The origin of the text passage and, hence, the geographical location of this mythical city is discussed controversially in the current literature. This paper, however, argues that it is possible that the suggested principles are applicable at any suitable place of Tibetan medical practice if they were adapted to the local environment as long as most of the described parameters are adhered to symbolically. Different types of visual expressions depicting features of the city as described in this introductory chapter will be compared. First, plate number one of the famous seventeenth century thangka collection to the Blue Beryl commentary stored in Ulan-Ude presents a rather orthodox interpretation of these circumstances. Second, not a painting but a three-dimensional example of monastic cityplanning: the medical murals in the inner courtyard of the Medical Faculty and the architectural arrangement of the Faculty within the whole cloister indicate that the local authorities may have regarded Labrang territory as a material form of Lta na sdug. Third, yet another pair of murals in a small monastery painted by the same artist as the murals at Labrang monastery present an alternative, vivid way of depiction.

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