Nanzhao as a Southeast Asian kingdom, c.738–902

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-213
Author(s):  
Christian Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Power Base

This article sets out to demonstrate the Southeast Asian nature of Nanzhao as a Sinitic state similar to Dai Viet. Previous studies have focused on Nanzhao's relations with Tang China, and emphasised the heavy Tang influence on its political organisation. Examining Nanzhao's expansion of governance into the Upper Ayeyarwady and Upper Mekong river regions during the eighth and ninth centuries, I argue that it was a kingdom characterised by a combination of Sinitic-style bureaucracy with indigenous Southeast Asian allegiance ties. I demonstrate how Nanzhao utilised these features to broaden its entire power base by administering conquered peoples and maintaining trade routes in the Upper Ayeyarwady and the Upper Mekong from a network of walled-cities. Though Confucianism exerted limited influence at the local level, the elite invoked Confucian civilising ideology to morally justify their governance of conquered peoples. The authority of the king extended beyond the core area, and his bureaucracy was powerful enough to loosely administer regional areas and to shift subdued peoples to populate strategic points within the kingdom, while governing Mon-Khmer polities at the southern periphery indirectly through their own leaders.

Premises, Policies and Multilateral Whitewashing of Broad Security Doctrines: A Southeast Asia-Based Critique of “Non-traditional” Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2019) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Delphine Allès
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Policy Transformation ◽  
Semantic Evolution

This article highlights the formulation of comprehensive conceptions of security in Indonesia, Malaysia and within the framework of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), well before their academic conceptualisation. These security doctrines have been the basis of the consolidation of state and military apparatuses in the region. They tend to be overlooked by analyses praising the recent conversion of Southeast Asian political elites to the “non-traditional security”? agenda. This latter development is perceived as a source of multilateral cooperation and a substitute for the hardly operationalisable concept of human security. However, in the region, non-traditional security proves to be a semantic evolution rather than a policy transformation. At the core of ASEAN’s security narrative, it has provided a multilateral anointing of “broad” but not deepened conceptions of security, thus legitimising wide-ranging socio-political roles for the armed forces.

A Study on the Planning Method of Underground Space in Urban Core District - Taking Hangzhou Eastern New City Zone as an Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1411-1420
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Si Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Core ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
New City

Nowadays, Underground space exploitation is one of the directions of the main focus in the construction of Hangzhou. This paper comprehensively introduces the schematic design of the underground space exploitation of Hangzhou east station, combined with the underground space development project of the core area in Hangzhou eastern new city zone. Firstly, the background of the surrounding area is discussed to illuminate the important status of the core area of eastern new city zone in Hangzhou’s future construction. Then, the holistic design concept and construction goal of the underground space exploitation of the core area are presented, and its functions and layout are clarified focusing on the railway construction and circumjacent exploitation project of Hangzhou east station. Lastly, the executive plan about the underground space exploitation of the core area of Hangzhou eastern new city zone is expatiated comprehensively.

Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity Assessment: French Simplified Analysis Method Applied to Underclad Postulated Defect in Nozzle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Arrieta-Ruiz ◽  
Eric Meister ◽  
Stéphane Vidard
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
The Core ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Structural integrity of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is one of the main concerns regarding safety and lifetime of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) since this component is considered as not reasonably replaceable. Fast fracture risk is the main potential damage considered in the integrity assessment of RPV. In France, deterministic integrity assessment for RPV vis-à-vis the brittle fracture risk is based on the crack initiation stage. As regards the core area in particular, the stability of an under-clad postulated flaw is currently evaluated under a Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) through a dedicated fracture mechanics simplified method called “beta method”. However, flaw stability analyses are also carried-out in several other areas of the RPV. Thence-forward performing uniform simplified inservice analyses of flaw stability is a major concern for EDF. In this context, 3D finite element elastic-plastic calculations with flaw modelling in the nozzle have been carried out recently and the corresponding results have been compared to those provided by the beta method, codified in the French RSE-M code for under-clad defects in the core area, in the most severe events. The purpose of this work is to validate the employment of the core area fracture mechanics simplified method as a conservative approach for the under-clad postulated flaw stability assessment in the complex geometry of the nozzle. This paper presents both simplified and 3D modelling flaw stability evaluation methods and the corresponding results obtained by running a PTS event. It shows that the employment of the “beta method” provides conservative results in comparison to those produced by elastic-plastic calculations for the cases here studied.

Held's History of Sumbawa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hägerdal
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

Sumbawa is a medium-sized island in eastern Indonesia which has a particularly interesting past. In the premodern era it lay on the trade routes that connected the north coasts of the islands of Melaka and Java with the spice-producing areas in Maluku, while Sumbawa itself exported horses, sappan wood, and rice. Its recorded history covers periods of Hindu-Javanese influence, the Southeast Asian Age of Commerce, early Islamisation, and Dutch colonialism. Dutch Indologist Gerrit Jan Held wrote this book in 1955 but died before it could be published; this volume represents its first translation into English, and includes extensive footnotes that set it in context of current research.

scholarly journals Core area and centre of activity of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), submitted to supplemental feeding

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim de Araújo Silva ◽  
Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Method ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
M Cell ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Fixed Kernel ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Based on the finding of remains (tracks, scats, and hairs), an analysis was made of the core area and centre of activity of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), living in a private natural reserve in which ecotourism activities are developed and these animals are daily fed bovine meat. A total of 465 samples of remains were recorded. Using the fixed kernel method, the area encompassing all samples recorded was estimated at 25.7 km², yet 50% of all samples were found in an area of only 1.5 km², representing 5.8% of the total area covered. For estimating the core area of the animals, the frequency of occurrence of the samples was determined by superimposing a 50 x 50 m cell grid over a map of the area encompassing all recorded occurrences. Based on the cells containing more than six occurrences, the animals' core area was 0.99 km², which included the place where the animals are fed. The centre of activity was located only 0.50 km from this place. The high negative correlation (r = -0.93, p < 0.05) between the densities of the recorded occurrences and the distances from these to the sanctuary indicates that the core area and centre of activity are conditioned by artificial feeding.

scholarly journals Lesion Distribution and Epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisin Elk and White-Tailed Deer in South-Western Manitoba, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K. Shury ◽  
Doug Bergeson
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Small Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Culture Positive

Surveillance forMycobacterium bovisin free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from south-western Manitoba was carried out from 1997 to 2010 to describe the lesions, epidemiology, and geographic distribution of disease. Tissues were cultured from animals killed by hunters, culled for management, blood-tested, or found opportunistically. Period prevalence in elk was approximately six times higher than deer, suggesting a significant reservoir role for elk, but that infected deer may also be involved. Prevalence was consistently higher in elk compared to deer in a small core area and prevalence declines since 2003 are likely due to a combination of management factors instituted during that time. Older age classes and animals sampled from the core area were at significantly higher risk of being culture positive. Positive elk and deer were more likely to be found through blood testing, opportunistic surveillance, and culling compared to hunting. No non-lesioned, culture-positive elk were detected in this study compared to previous studies in red deer.

scholarly journals Conjunctures on “ASEAN Citizenship” 1967-2017: Identities, Ideas, Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Adonis Elumbre
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Core ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
Asian History ◽  
Ideas And Institutions

In 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was said to have set in motion a regional community with “peace, prosperity, and people” at the core of its transition towards deeper integration. In 2017, it marked its 50th year - a narrative arc in Southeast Asian history that has arguably defined the region’s contemporary period. What then could be the next for the organization? This paper explores one of those ideas that has been floating around about ASEAN’s future in relation to its people-oriented vision. In particular, it enquires into the abstracted and non-legal notion of “ASEAN citizenship” through identification of conjunctures in the development of the organization. While ASEAN’s lack of a legitimating policy on regional citizenship is understandable given its normative frameworks of intergovernmentalism and non-interference, the paper contends that this notion has already been discursively defined and constructively pursued from within the organization. The resulting narratives on regional identity formation and on ideas and institutions that articulate and generate potential elements of regional citizenship seek to capture aspects of this slippery yet lingering presence of “ASEAN citizenship,” and hopefully contribute to the evolving conversations on the nature and future of ASEAN as it enters a new era.

scholarly journals AREA MANEGEMENT IN THE CORE AREA OF CITIES

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Shigenori KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Core Area ◽  
The Core
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