scholarly journals The Comparative Behaviour of Native Oysters (Ostrea edulis) and Portuguese Oysters (Ostrea (Gryphea) angulata) in certain Lethal Solutions of T.N.T. (Trinitrotoluene).

1926 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
J. H. Orton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Thames Estuary ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Chemist

In connection with the cause of the unusual mortality of oysters reported on the oyster beds in the Thames Estuary in 1920 (see Min. Agric. and Fisheries Report, Fishery Investigations II, 6, Nos. 3 and 4, 1923–24, London), it is of interest to compare the simultaneous effects of known solutions of T.N.T. (Trinitrotoluene) in sea-water on both Portuguese and native oysters. In order to obtain some information on this problem the experiments described in the following pages have been carried out at the request of the Fisheries Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and with the help of the Government Chemist and his assistants.

scholarly journals Chemical changes in sea water off Plymouth during 1959

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. J. Armstrong ◽  
E. I. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Chemist

Analyses of sea water collected during 1959 at the International Hydrographic Station E1 (lat. 50° 02′ N., long. 4° 22′ W.) are given here in the same form as earlier reports (Armstrong, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958; Armstrong & Butler, 1959, 1960). The methods of collection and analysis remain the same. Salinities were determined by the Government Chemist, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. We wish once more to thank Lt.-Cdr. C. A. Hoodless, D.S.C. and the crew of R.V. ‘Sarsia’, and Capt. W. J. Creese and the crew of R.V. ‘Sula’ for help at sea.

scholarly journals Chemical changes in sea water off Plymouth during 1958

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. J. Armstrong ◽  
E. I. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Chemist

Analyses of sea water collected during 1958 at the International Hydrographic Station E1 (lat. 50° 02′ N., long. 4° 22′ W.) are given here in the same form as in earlier reports (Armstrong, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958; Armstrong & Butler, 1959). The methods of collection and analysis remain the same. Salinities were determined by the Government Chemist, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. We wish again to thank Lt.-Cdr. C. A. Hoodless, D.S.C., and the crew of R.V. ‘Sarsia’, and Capt. W. J. Creese and the crew of R.V. ‘Sula’ for help at sea.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Indramayu

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Santoso Budi Widiarto ◽  
Musa Hubeis ◽  
Komar Sumantadinata
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Transport Workers ◽  
Business Profit ◽  
The Government

An ironic thing that Indonesia as maritime country have insufficiency salt problem. Salt is strategic commodities that can be easily produced by evaporation of sea water and policy salts have been issued since the Dutch colonial era. In 2011 the Government of Indonesia make toward self sufficiency salt policy. This research was aimed to analyze the implementation efectivity of Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat or PUGAR). The research design used purposive and snowball sampling to select 70 respondents in Losarang Village at Indramayu. The data were analyzed by using Quantitative Analysis, Qualitative Analysis, SWOT and MAHP. The result showed PUGAR in Losarang, Indramayu implemented with effectiveness. This is indicated by salt production target achieved and increasing the salt farmer welfare. Implementation PUGAR make salt productivity in Losarang 90,43 ton/ha, increasing salt farmer income, empower 17 the People's Business Group Salt (Kelompok Usaha Garam Rakyat or KUGAR) with the amount of 170 salt farmers, give technological innovation and quality salt production and give job for 778 peoples as salt farmers, farm workers and transport workers. Obtained result IFE of salt bussiness is 2,608 and EFE is 2,673. Moreover the research calculate salt business feasibility that known from B/C ratio > 1, business profit margin, appropriate salt area owned by farmers, business gap analysis of salt and break even analysis. Break even analysis to determine the selling price of the large volume of salt and salt production business people to reach the point of no profit and no loss (break even). Key words: Empowerment, Farmers, Government, PUGAR, Salt, Workers

scholarly journals A non-lethal method for detection of Bonamia ostreae in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) using environmental DNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen ◽  
Johan Wedel Nielsen ◽  
Mikkel Kehler Villadsen ◽  
Bent Vismann ◽  
Sussie Dalvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bonamia Ostreae ◽  
Flat Oyster ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Surveillance and diagnosis of parasitic Bonamia ostreae infections in flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) are prerequisites for protection and management of wild populations. In addition, reliable and non-lethal detection methods are required for selection of healthy brood oysters in aquaculture productions. Here we present a non-lethal diagnostic technique based on environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples and demonstrate applications in laboratory trials. Forty oysters originating from Limfjorden, Denmark were kept in 30 ppt sea water in individual tanks. Water was sampled 6 days later, after which all oysters were euthanized and examined for infection, applying PCR. Four oysters (10%) were found to be infected with B. ostreae in gill and mantle tissue. eDNA purified from the water surrounding these oysters contained parasite DNA. A subsequent sampling from the field encompassed 20 oysters and 15 water samples from 5 different locations. Only one oyster turned out positive and all water samples proved negative for B. ostreae eDNA. With this new method B. ostreae may be detected by only sampling water from the environment of isolated oysters or isolated oyster populations. This non-lethal diagnostic eDNA method could have potential for future surveys and oyster breeding programs aiming at producing disease-free oysters.

Aral Sea and sustainable development

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Usmanova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Until 1960 the Aral Sea was considered the 4th largest lake in the world by surface area. The Aral Sea has two main inflows - the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers with about 30 tributaries. From early 1960s because of extensive water use - unreturned withdrawal of water for irrigation and consequent drying up of many tributaries before reaching the main rivers - the water level in the Aral Sea began falling very rapidly. In 1965 the Aral Sea received about 56 cubic km of fresh water yearly, but this number fell to zero by the early 1980s. By 1990 the level of the Aral Sea water fell by more than 17 m, the volume of water decreased by 75%, the salinity of seawater increased up to 30 g/l, and the surface area of the sea reduced from 66,400 sq. km to 31,500 sq. km. The ecological situation in Aral Sea zone has became very dramatic. It has led to the changing of climate in the region, irrigated soils becoming deserts, deterioration of underground and surface water quality, reducing of available water for domestic and agricultural needs, loss of Aral Sea fishing and transportation importance, numerous other problems and finally put the health of present and future generations under threat. This situation not only does not promote further development of the economy of the region, but has also caused damage with irreparable negative consequences. The fact is that the basis of the regional economy is fishing and other associated businesses. Since Uzbekistan is most agricultural country its economy has serious complications. In order to prevent further deepening of this catastrophe and to improve the present situation in this area the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan has developed a series of measures: in particular it developed efficient water use schemes, changing the cotton situation (that during the Soviet period was grown as monoculture) by planting less water-consuming varieties, reviewing using of fertilizers in agriculture etc. The Aral Sea drought became an international disaster. World Bank, UNESCO, BMBF and others attacked the problem to protect the Aral Sea.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs: Comparison of Methods

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Nigel A Smart ◽  
Alan R C Hill ◽  
Patricia A Roughan
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Chemist ◽  
A Current

Abstract The AOAC, de Faubert Maunder et al., and Wood methods have been examined for determining BHC, aldrin, heptachlor, DDT, and their major metabolites in milk, butter, cheese, and eggs. Also, the AOAC and the Laboratory of the Government Chemist (UK) methods have been investigated for these pesticides in apples, and both of the latter methods, together with a current EEC method, have been evaluated for measuring the pesticides in potatoes, carrots, and cabbages. Recoveries for these methods were determined by using samples with both added and incurred pesticide residues. There were no gross discrepancies in the results obtained by the different methods, although for certain foodstuffs and in certain situations some methods appeared preferable to others.

11. On the Chemical Composition of the Water composing the Clyde Sea Area

1888 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Adam Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

About the beginning of this year I was requested by a sub-committee of the Government Grant Committee* to determine some of the components of a series of samples of sea water, which were to be collected during the year at various parts and at different times in the Clyde sea area by the observers of the Scottish Marine Station. The collections were chiefly made under the immediate direction of Dr H. E. Mill. Since January, accordingly, I have been working at this, and have completed in all eighty-nine analyses, the results of which I now take the liberty of placing before this Society. There are various reasons why this paper should consist of little more than tables of results, one of which is that, having little or no experience in the science of oceanography, it would be presumptuous in me to draw conclusions from my results which would no doubt strike any one acquainted with that science at once. Another reason is that, though acquainted with some of the physical conditions under which the samples were taken, such as depth, temperature, place of collection, and date, I am quite ignorant of other conditions quite as important, if not more so, in my estimation, as, for instance, presence or absence of some freshwater stream near place of collection, state of tide, raiafall, 'c,—all conditions which would no doubt influence more or less materially the salinity of the water.

The Laboratory of the Government Chemist

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 202 (4934) ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
QUINTIN HOGG
Keyword(s):  
The Government ◽  
Government Chemist
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