The Swimming Rhythm of Bathyporeia Pilosa [Crustacea: Amphipoda]

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Wave Action ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Natural Illumination ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Night Illumination ◽  
High Shore ◽  
Constant Dark

High- and low-shore populations of Bathyporeia pilosa LindstrÖm, kept in the laboratory under natural day-night illumination and constant dark conditions, show distinct swimming rhythms of tidal frequency (12–4 h) with activity maxima on the early ebb tide. A diurnal component is evident, activity during thenight being greater than during the day. The tidal rhythm deteriorates under laboratory conditions, but swimming activity recurs after a semi-lunar period. Under natural illumination, both populations show a night tide swimming rhythm of semi-lunar frequency, activity occurring mainly over the 'falling' spring tides. Plankton sampling on night tides over the area of the beach occupied by high-shore B. pilosa shows that the animals emerge and swim on ebb tides which are in phase with darkness. The importance of exogenous factors such as wave action, pressure, temperature and light is discussed. Ecological implications and the possible function of the swimming rhythm are considered.

scholarly journals The Location of Circa-Tidal Pacemakers in the Estuarine Amphipod Corophium Volutator Using a Selective Chilling Technique

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
GERARD J. HARRIS ◽  
ELFED MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Endogenous Rhythm ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Tidal Rhythm

1. The anatomical location of the control centre(s) for the endogenous tidal rhythm of swimming activity shown by Corophium volutator (Pallas) has been investigated using a selective chilling technique. 2. Rephasing occurred on chilling the whole animal to −3 °C or on chilling either the supra- or sub-oesophageal ganglion alone, whereas cold pulses applied to the telson or mid-body regions were without effect. 3. Ablating the eyes had no effect on the endogenous rhythm. 4. The results are interpreted in terms of two autonomous control centres.

Entrainment of the locomotor rhythm of Carcinus by cycles of salinity change

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Taylor ◽  
E. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Salinity Change ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Approximate Periodicity ◽  
Balanus Balanoides ◽  
Timing Processes

It is well known that intertidal animals exhibit temporal patterning of behaviour in which locomotor activity occurs at particular times of day and state of tide. Naylor & Atkinson (1976) postulate that such behavioural rhythms are partially controlled by endogenous timing processes which determine the approximate periodicity of a rhythm, as expressed in constant conditions in the laboratory, and that these circadian and circatidal rhythms are entrained by environmental variables which in nature synchronize the expression of behavioural rhythmicity at adaptively appropriate times. Several tidal variables, such as temperature, pressure, light and wave action, have been shown to synchronize and entrain endogenous rhythms (Palmer, 1974; Naylor & Atkinson, 1976) but so far there appears to be little evidence of entrainment of tidal rhythmicity in coastal animals by variations in salinity. A tidal rhythm of responsiveness to water of reduced salinity has been demonstrated by Arnold (1970) in the cirral activity of Balanus balanoides (L.), but entrainment by this response in Balanus has not been tested. In any event the tidal rhythm of cirral activity in Balanus balanoides on the shore is not expressed in barnacles kept in constant conditions in the laboratory (Southward & Crisp, 1965) and therefore appears to be largely controlled by exogenous factors. It therefore seemed worthwhile to investigate the effects of salinity changes upon the locomotor rhythm of Carcinus maenas (L.), the control of which by internal factors (Arechiga, Huberman & Naylor, 1974) and some external factors (Naylor & Atkinson, 1972) is well documented.

Field and laboratory activity patterns of the tidepool cottid Oligocottus maculosus Girard

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Escape Response ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Oligocottus Maculosus

In its natural habitat, Oligocottus maculosus displayed a locomotor activity that is dependent primarily upon such factors as turbulence, temperature, and light. Under laboratory conditions this species exhibits a tidal rhythm of locomotor activity. The rhythm appears to be entrained directly by the tide and is not directly related to the daily field activity of O. maculosus. It is concluded that it represents the coupling of an avoidance or escape response to a biological clock.

Behavioural Rhythms in Littoral Prawns

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
E. Naylor†
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Palaemon Elegans ◽  
Intertidal Pools

Palaemon elegans Rathke on South Wales coasts, unlike P. serratus (Pennant), does not migrate offshore in winter but stays in intertidal pools throughout the year. Both species occur in rock pools in summer, with P. elegans extending farthest up the shore and often occurring in pools above M.H.W.N. Each shows a spontaneous but short-lived tidal rhythm of locomotor activity in constant laboratory conditions, the rhythm persisting longer in isolated prawns than in groups of animals recorded together. Peak activity occurred on the ‘expected’ ebb, and light/dark changes, including those associated with tidal rise and fall, appear to be important in synchronizing the rhythm. The tidal rhythm of Palaemon elegans above M.H.W.N. quickly rephases to a semi-diurnal dusk/dark rhythm during the period of neap tides, the rhythm again becoming tidal when spring tides return. The possible significance of ebb activity is discussed.

Laboratory entrainaient of the rhythmic swimming activity of Corophium volutator (Pallas) to cycles of temperature and periodic inundation

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Holmström ◽  
Elfed Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Phase Delay ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The tidal rhythm of swimming activity shown by the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator can be entrained to cycles of temperature and immersion in the laboratory. The rhythm is phased to the period of increasing temperature, or to the time at which the animals are wetted by the artificial tide, and the activity maxima follow the Zeitgeber with a phase delay of about 5–6 h in each case. Entrainment to these variables alone is inadequate to account for ebb tide swimming in the natural state, and it is likely that the rhythm is normally entrained by a number of factors of variable significance.

scholarly journals Shape and growth in European Atlantic <i>Patella limpets</i> (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Ecological implications for survival

Web Ecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paulo Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Shell Growth ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Patella Ulyssiponensis ◽  
High Shore

Abstract. Specimens of Patella intermedia, Patella rustica, Patella ulyssiponensis, and Patella vulgata were analyzed for shell and radula characteristics. Shell growth in P. rustica and P. ulyssiponensis was basically isometric, indicating that shell shape was constant during growth. On the contrary, shell growth in P. intermedia and P. vulgata was positively allometric, indicating that as shells increased in size, the base became more circular and the cone more centred and relatively higher. Radula relative size increased in the order P. ulyssiponensis, P. vulgata, P. intermedia and P. rustica, and had negative allometric growth in all species, indicating that radula grew less as shell increased in size. Data reported in the literature estimated that the lowest risk of dislodgment for a limpet is associated with a centred apex, and a (shell height)/(shell length) or (shell height)/(shell width) ratio of ca. 0.53. However, as reported for other limpets, in all four studied Patella species, shells were more eccentric and flat than this theoretical optimum. Data reported in the literature indicated that, in limpets, decreasing the (shell base perimeter)/(shell volume) or (shell surface area)/(shell volume) ratios by increasing size results in lower soft body temperature and desiccation. In the present study, P. rustica shells displayed the lowest ratios, and P. ulyssiponensis shells, the highest. Considering that the former species lives at high shore levels, and the latter species at low levels, it appeared that shell shape in European Atlantic limpets can be directly related to resistance to desiccation and high temperature stresses. Radula relative size (in relation to shell height) also increased with increasing level in the shore, suggesting that this might be due to a decreasing abundance of algae with increasing shore level.

Human drug taking under controlled laboratory conditions.

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian W. Fischman ◽  
Richard W. Foltin ◽  
Joseph V. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Conditions
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