Observations on byssus systems in the spat of Cerastoderma glaucum and C. edule

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobina Yankson
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Byssus Thread ◽  
Cerastoderma Glaucum ◽  
Early Stages

INTRODUCTIONYonge (1962) suggests a possible universal occurrence of byssal apparatus in the post-larval spat of bivalves. Subsequent studies have revealed that the byssus thread secreted by the post-larval byssal apparatus of many bivalves is involved in settlement as well as migration by means of bysso-pelagic drifting (Sigurdsson, Titman & Davis, 1976; Blok & Tan-Maas, 1977; Board, 1983). Recent studies on the byssus and other foot glands in the early stages of bivalves have included Ostrea edulis (Cranfield, 1973 a, b, c); Pecten maximus (Gruffydd, Lane & Beaumont, 1975); Mytilus edulis (Lane & Nott, 1975; Lane, Nott & Crisp, 1982); and Chlamys varia L. (Gruffydd, Budiman & Nott, 1979)

The glands of the larval foot in Pecten maximus L. and possible homologues in other bivalves

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ll. D. Gruffydd ◽  
D. J. W. Lane ◽  
A. R. Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Life Styles

A survey by Yonge (1962) of the byssal apparatus in the Bivalvia indicates that the formation of byssus is a larval characteristic which may or may not be retained in the adult. Some species such as the mussel, Mytilus edulis, retain the byssal attachment but have the ability to break the byssus and move over a limited area. Others, such as the scallop, Pecten maximus, lose the byssus entirely, become unattached and move by swimming. Yet others, such as the oyster, Ostrea edulis, relinquish all mobility at metamorphosis by cementing the shell to the substratum, and after metamorphosis lose all trace of the foot. Ostrea, Mytilus and Pecten therefore encompass a wide variety of life styles in the adult and are chosen as examples for detailed comparison of the byssus forming glands and other foot glands in the pediveligers.

Some effects of stress in the adult on the eggs and larvae of Mytilus edulis L.

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Bayne ◽  
P. A. Gabbott ◽  
J. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

In previous papers we have shown that high temperature and low food levels result in a decline in the body condition of mussels, Mytilus edulis, which have been kept in the laboratory (Bayne & Thompson, 1970; Gabbott & Bayne, 1973). In spite of the loss of body reserves, M. edulis is able to continue gonad development at an increased rate, when the temperature is above ambient (Gabbott & Bayne, 1973; Bayne, 1975). Although gametogenesis appears to be normal under these conditions, there is evidence that stress in the adult affects subsequent larval development in M. edulis (Bayne, 1972) and in the oyster, Ostrea edulis (Helm, Holland & Stephenson, 1973). In mussels, stress resulted in an increase in abnormal embryonic development during cleavage, gastrulation and development to the first shelled larval stage (Bayne, 1972). In oysters the viability of the larvae, assessed in terms of growth rate and percentage yield of spat, was less in larvae from adults kept at low ration than in larvae from adults kept at high ration. Irrespective of the feeding regime, the viability of the larvae fell as the length of the conditioning period increased, and this was related to a decline in the body condition of the adult oysters. The growth of the larvae in the 96 h period following liberation was significantly correlated with the lipid level in the newly released larvae (Helm, Holland & Stephenson, 1973).

Autoradiographic studies on the uptake of dissolved amino acids from sea water by bivalve larvae

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal T. Manahan ◽  
Dennis J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Bivalve Larvae ◽  
Scanning Electron

Uptake and incorporation of [3H]glycine from 1 μM solutions was observed in the tissues of larval oysters, Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea edulis, and mussels, Mytilus edulis. In all cases, radiolabel first appears in the larva's velum. Following increasing exposure time, label begins to appear in other organs. In newly settled larvae of the oyster, C. gigas, and the scallop, Pecten maximus, uptake occurs via the developing gill buds. All experiments provide evidence of direct epidermal uptake of soluble nutrients without any participation of the digestive tract. Scanning electron micrographs show that there is no bacterial population visible on the surface of the velum that might act as an intermediate step in nutrient transport. These studies on veligers, pediveligers and settled larvae link the phenomenon of larval uptake with the extensive literature on the direct uptake of soluble nutrients by adult bivalves.

Absence of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase (AHH) in Three Marine Bivalves

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vandermeulen ◽  
W. R. Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Demethylase Activity

Bivalves exposed to short-term (4 d) and long-term (6 yr) oil pollution were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and N-demethylase activity. Short-term induction studies were carried out on Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and Ostrea edulis incubated in aqueous extracts of Kuwait crude oil or Bunker C (fuel) oil. For the chronic-induction studies Mya arenaria and Mytilus edulis were collected from oiled clam beds (Arrow Bunker C) in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. None of the bivalves showed any basal or petroleum-hydrocarbon-induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase or N-demethylase activity, as shown by their inability to metabolize benzopyrene or imipramine. In contrast, oil-free control trout and trout taken from a polluted lake readily metabolized both these compounds. The inability of these bivalves to degrade petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons and the tendency of these compounds to accumulate in their tissues present an opportunity for transfer of unaltered hydrocarbons into the food chain. Key words: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, aromatic hydrocarbon, bivalve, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Ostrea edulis, petroleum, pollution

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Tissues of Bivalve Molluscs Available on Polish Market

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Różańska ◽  
Mirosław Michalski ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Plate Method

Abstract One hundred and ninety seven samples of molluscs representing different species were tested for the presence of antibacterial substances using a microbiological diffusion test - “4-plate” method. It was found that 58 samples (29.4%) were positive. The percentage of positive samples depended on species and varied from 0 (Ostrea edulis, Perna canaliculis, Cardiumedule, Myretrix lyrata, Mercenaria mercenaria) to 41.2 (Mytilus edulis) and 50.0 (Tapes semidecussatus and Ruditapesphillipinarium). The randomly performed confirmatory analyses using HPLC -MS/MS method did not show the presence of any known antibiotics.

scholarly journals Ion microprobe assessment of the heterogeneity of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios in <i>Pecten maximus</i> and <i>Mytilus edulis</i> (bivalvia) shell calcite precipitated at constant temperature

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Freitas ◽  
L. J. Clarke ◽  
H. Kennedy ◽  
C. A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
Growth Band ◽  
Surface Shell ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Abstract. Small-scale heterogeneity of biogenic carbonate elemental composition can be a significant source of error in the accurate use of element/Ca ratios as geochemical proxies. In this study ion microprobe (SIMS) profiles showed significant small-scale variability of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios in new shell calcite of the marine bivalves Pecten maximus and Mytilus edulis that was precipitated during a constant-temperature culturing experiment. Elevated Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios were found to be associated with the deposition of elaborate shell features, i.e. a shell surface stria in P. maximus and surface shell disturbance marks in both species, the latter a common occurrence in bivalve shells. In both species the observed small-scale elemental heterogeneity most likely was not controlled by variable transport of ions to the extra-pallial fluid, but by factors such as the influence of shell organic content and/or crystal size and orientation, the latter reflecting conditions at the shell crystal-solution interface. In the mid and innermost regions of the P. maximus shell the lack of significant small-scale variation of Mg/Ca ratios, which is consistent with growth at constant temperature, suggest a potential application as a palaeotemperature proxy. Cross-growth band element/Ca ratio profiles in the interior of bivalve shells may provide more promising palaeo-environmental tools than sampling from the outer region of bivalve shells.

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