Mechanisms Of Resistance to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Two Species of Marine Diatoms

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Cohen ◽  
Anne S. West ◽  
Elizabeth M. Cosper ◽  
Charles F. Wurster
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Resistant Strains

Clones of Ditylum brightwellii and Thalassiosira nordenskioldii were isolated from New York coastal waters, and PCB-resistance in D. brightwellii was induced in the laboratory by exposure to increasing concentrations of PCB. Resistance could not be similarly induced in T. nordenskioldii, but was serendipitously discovered in unexposed cultures that had undergone sexual reproduction.Cells of the resistant strain were substantially larger than those of the sensitive strain in both species. Larger vacuole space seemed to account for this in D. brightwellii, but in T. nordenskioldii larger cells contained more carbon. Experiments with14C-PCB tracer indicated that PCB accumulation was less in resistant strains of both species. Neutral lipid content per cell, as determined using the fluorophore Nile Red, was similar for resistant and sensitive strains of both species. Sub-cellular examination of lipid droplets in D. brightwellii suggested that the PCB-resistant strain may be sequestering this lipophilic toxicant in a location removed from physiological activity. In T. nordenskioldii a decreased ratio of neutral lipidxarbon may reduce intracellular accumulation of PCB. These diatom species have developed PCB resistance in the highly PCB-polluted Hudson River estuary and, since they are the preferred food of dominant copepods, they may offer less PCB per unit ration to zooplankton grazers.

Hudson River Fishes and their Environment

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Acipenser Brevirostrum ◽  
River Drainage

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Hudson River Estuary (defined here as the Hudson River drainage and New York Harbor) is home to a large and diverse ichthyofauna. Estimates of species richness reflect both their geographic boundaries and time periods. The most complete estimate is for the Hudson River drainage north of the southern tip of Manhattan, where, as of 2005, 212 fish species have been recorded. This includes 11 new forms not reported in the most recently published tally (1990). We categorize the fishes of the Hudson River drainage as derived from 12 zoogeographic or anthropogenic sources (including species for which we make no judgment [<em>n </em>= 26]), the largest contributions from which include temperate marine strays (<em>n </em>= 65), introduced species (<em>n </em>= 28), and freshwater species that survived Pleistocene glaciations in Atlantic coastal refugia (<em>n </em>= 21). Additional species appear to have invaded from the Mississippi refugia, some naturally (<em>n </em>= 11) and some later, via canals (<em>n </em>= 11). Only ten diadromous fishes occur in the estuary, but many of these are, or have been, commercially and recreationally important (e.g., Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus</em>, American shad <em>Alosa sapidissima</em>, and striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>). Extremely high seasonal temperature changes in the main-channel Hudson River foster a seasonally dynamic ichthyofauna with relatively few species occurring year round. However, the small number of resident estuarine fishes (<em>n </em>= 8) often occur in high abundances. Species richness peaks between June and September and reaches a minimum in winter. Long-term data indicate that although species richness has increased with the additions of new species, diversity is decreasing because of the decrease in population size of certain species, especially native cyprinids. The Hudson estuary hosts a population of one federally endangered species, shortnose sturgeon <em>Acipenser brevirostrum</em>, which is flourishing. Only one species, the anadromous rainbow smelt <em>Osmerus mordax </em>appears to have become extirpated in the Hudson Estuary.

scholarly journals GoFish: A Streamlined Environmental DNA Presence/Absence Assay for Marine Vertebrates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Y. Stoeckle ◽  
Mithun Das Mishu ◽  
Zachary Charlop-Powers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Thermal Cycler ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractHere we describe GoFish, a streamlined environmental DNA (eDNA) presence/absence assay. The assay amplifies a 12S segment with broad-range vertebrate primers, followed by nested PCR with M13-tailed, species-specific primers. Sanger sequencing confirms positives detected by gel electrophoresis. We first obtained 12S sequences from 77 fish specimens representing 36 northwestern Atlantic taxa not well documented in GenBank. Using the newly obtained and published 12S records, we designed GoFish assays for 11 bony fish species common in the lower Hudson River estuary and tested seasonal abundance and habitat preference at two sites. Additional assays detected nine cartilaginous fish species and a marine mammal, bottlenose dolphin, in southern New York Bight. GoFish sensitivity was equivalent to Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding. Unlike quantitative PCR (qPCR), GoFish does not require tissues of target and related species for assay development and a basic thermal cycler is sufficient. Unlike Illumina metabarcoding, indexing and batching samples are unnecessary and advanced bioinformatics expertise is not needed. The assay can be carried out from water collection to result in three days. The main limitations so far are species with shared target sequences and inconsistent amplification of rarer eDNAs. We think this approach will be a useful addition to current eDNA methods when analyzing presence/absence of known species, when turnaround time is important, and in educational settings.

Large Seasonal Modulation of Tides due to Ice Cover Friction in a Midlatitude Estuary*

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickitas Georgas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Astronomical Tide ◽  
Ice Field

Abstract Seasonal episodes of significant tidal damping (reductions of tidal amplitudes as much as 50%) and tidal modulation were observed in the Hudson River estuary in the course of three consecutive winters from multiple tide gages. Through comparisons with United States Coast Guard ice reports, it was hypothesized that these events correspond with an increase in ice concentration and the development of a seasonal ice field within the upper 170 km of the tidal Hudson north of Peekskill, New York. Using stationary (tidal harmonic) and nonstationary (wavelet) analyses as well as numerical modeling, it is shown that under-ice friction is the primary cause of the observed modulations in tidal circulation (water levels and currents) throughout the 240-km-long estuary. Upstream of the ice field edge at Peekskill, depth-averaged tidal currents are greatly reduced under the ice cover through first-order damping, and vertical current profiles under the ice become parabolic. Tidal ranges increase near the edge of the ice field, and, south of that, on Manhattan’s western shores, currents increase because of tidal wave reflection. These amplified currents create stronger vertical mixing leading to a less stratified estuary and decreasing salt front intrusion. At the other end, near Troy, tidal flows become smaller relative to the river’s streamflow, leading to increased ebb predominance and ebb-directed flows down to the port of Albany. Also, the increased friction leads to a higher sea level setup there. During such episodes, astronomical tide–based and operational forecast model predictions that neglected ice are severely compromised.

scholarly journals Medieval Warming, Little Ice Age, and European impact on the environment during the last millennium in the lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Cabaniss Pederson ◽  
Dorothy M. Peteet ◽  
Dorothy Kurdyla ◽  
Tom Guilderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Atlantic Seaboard

Establishing natural climate variability becomes particularly important in large urban areas in anticipation of droughts. We present a well-dated bi-decadal record of vegetation, climate, land use, and fire frequency from a tidal marsh in the Hudson River Estuary. The classic Medieval Warm Period is evident through striking increases in charcoal and Pinus dominance from ∼800–1300 A.D., paralleling paleorecords southward along the Atlantic seaboard. Higher inputs of inorganic sediment during this interval suggest increased watershed erosion during drought conditions. The presence of the Little Ice Age ensues with increases in Picea and Tsuga, coupled with increasing organic percentages due to cooler, moister conditions. European impact is manifested by a decline in arboreal pollen due to land clearance, increased weedy plant cover (i.e., Ambrosia, Plantago, and Rumex), and an increase in inorganic particles to the watershed.

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