Redescription and resurrection of Pachymatisma normani (Demospongiae: Geodiidae), with remarks on the genus Pachymatisma

Author(s):  
Paco Cárdenas ◽  
Joana Xavier ◽  
Ole Secher Tendal ◽  
Christoffer Schander ◽  
Hans Tore Rapp

An increasing number of cryptic species are being discovered within sponges with assumed wide geographical distribution. Pachymatisma johnstonia (Bowerbank in Johnston, 1842) (Astrophorida: Geodiidae) is one of the most common and known sponges throughout the north-east Atlantic coasts. Pachymatisma normani Sollas, 1888 is a northern species previously synonymized with P. johnstonia by Topsent. It is here redescribed on the basis of fresh material from the type locality, the Korsfjord in the Bergen area (Norway). Spicules are shown to be reliable characters to distinguish the species investigated. Pachymatisma normani is characterized by larger spicules, most markedly in the sterrasters. Our observations also suggest that habitat and gross morphology distinguish P. johnstonia from P. normani. Furthermore, using a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and an ITS1-5.8-ITS2 nuclear fragment, we show that consistent genetic differences exist between the two species. A brief overview of the genus and a key to the known species are also given.

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3253 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PACO CÁRDENAS ◽  
HANS TORE RAPP

We report and describe new material of streptaster-bearing Astrophorida sponges collected in Norway: Characellapachastrelloides, Pachastrella nodulosa sp. nov., Poecillastra compressa, Vulcanella cf. aberrans, Thenea abyssorum,Thenea levis, Thenea muricata and Thenea valdiviae. Because many of these species were described in the end of the 19thcentury their original descriptions are often incomplete. The Norwegian specimens are the basis for a revision of themorphology, taxonomy and distribution of these species. These are the first records of C. pachastrelloides and V. cf.aberrans from the Norwegian coast. Pachastrella nodulosa sp. nov. differs from Pachastrella monilifera by (i) its knobbysurface and (ii) the absence of large oxeas, (iii) its amphiasters have on average less actines and are less spiny, finally (iv)microxeas are rare and with a distinct morphology (although there is some doubt concerning their origin). In the presentstudy, Characella tuberosa (from South Africa), Pachastrella abyssi (from the North-West Atlantic) and Thenea schmidti(from the North-East Atlantic) are resurrected. To help their future identifications, all the Norwegian species describedwere associated with DNA barcodes: a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene partial fragment and/or a 28S ribosomalgene partial fragment (C1–D2 domains). Furthermore, a key to the streptaster-bearing Astrophorida of the North-East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea is also given (lithistids not included).Nous signalons la présence et décrivons des spécimens d’Astrophorida à streptasters nouvellement récoltés en Norvège:Characella pachastrelloides, Pachastrella nodulosa sp. nov., Poecillastra compressa, Vulcanella cf. aberrans, Theneaabyssorum, Thenea levis, Thenea muricata et Thenea valdiviae. Plusieurs de ces espèces ont été décrites de manièreincomplète à la fin du 19ème siècle. Les spécimens norvégiens sont l’occasion de réviser la morphologie, la taxonomie etla distribution de ces espèces. C’est la première fois que C. pachastrelloides et V. cf. aberrans sont mentionnés sur la côtenorvégienne. Pachastrella nodulosa sp. nov. se distingue de Pachastrella monilifera par (i) sa surface noduleuse et (ii)l’absence de grands oxes, (iii) ses amphiasters ont en moyenne moins d’actines et sont moins épineux, enfin (iv) lesmicroxes sont rares et ont une morphologie distincte (bien qu’il y ait encore des doutes sur leur origine). Au cours de notreétude, Characella tuberosa (d’Afrique du Sud), Pachastrella abyssi (de l’Atlantique Nord-Ouest) et Thenea schmidti (del’Atlantique Nord-Est) sont ressuscités. Afin d’aider leurs identifications futures, toutes les espèces de Norvège décritesont été associées à des code-barres moléculaires: un fragment partiel du gène de la sous-unité I du cytochrome c oxydase(COI) et/ou un fragment partiel du gène ribosomique 28S (domaines C1-D2). De plus, une clé pour identifier les Astrophorida à streptasters de l’Atlantique Nord-Est et de Méditerrannée est également fournie (lithistides non inclus).


2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Høisæter

<p>The problematic conoidean genus <em>Raphitoma</em> s.l. in inshore Norwegian waters is revised based on fresh material from all along the coast of Norway. This largely shallow water group is represented by at least six species in Norwegian waters of which two, <em>Raphitoma obesa</em> n.sp. and <em>R. maculosa</em> n.sp. are described as new, and another <em>Raphitoma aequalis</em> (Jeffreys, 1867) is reported from Norway for the first time. The taxonomic and nomenclatural status of <em>R. reticulata</em> (sensu Jeffreys 1867) and <em>R. asperrima</em> (sensu Forbes &amp; Hanley 1853) are discussed. Empty shells of several additional species indicate that the number of <em>Raphitoma</em>-species living in the North East Atlantic will be further increased in the future. The morphological variability of each species is described if possible. Shell morphology, including microsculpture and protoconch details as deduced from LM photographs, are used for distinguishing the species. Some easily observable behaviour and soft part morphology features were found to be<br />promising areas for further studies.</p>


PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0198356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Nygren ◽  
Julio Parapar ◽  
Joan Pons ◽  
Karin Meißner ◽  
Torkild Bakken ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 289 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
João C. Duarte ◽  
Filipe M. Rosas ◽  
Pedro Terrinha ◽  
Marc-André Gutscher ◽  
Jacques Malavieille ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
M. Edwards ◽  
A.W.G. John ◽  
H.G. Hunt ◽  
J.A. Lindley

Continuous Plankton Recorder records from the North Sea and north-east Atlantic from September 1997 to March 1998 indicate an exceptional influx of oceanic indicator species into the North Sea. These inflow events, according to historical evidence, have only occurred sporadically during this century. This exceptional inflow and previous inflow events are discussed in relation to their similarity in terms of their physical and climatic conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 105854
Author(s):  
Bianca Reis ◽  
Pieter van der Linden ◽  
Isabel Sousa Pinto ◽  
Emanuel Almada ◽  
Maria Teresa Borges ◽  
...  

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