Comparison between the diet of two dolphins from south-eastern Brazil: proximate-composition and caloric value of prey species

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Monique Virães Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Manuel Vazquez Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Gross Energy

A comparison between the diet of the franciscana and the boto-cinza is presented through the proximate-composition and caloric value of their main prey. The fish Stellifer cf. rastrifer, Pellona harroweri, Anchoa filifera, Isopisthus parvippinnis and Trichiurus lepturus and the squids Loligo sanpaulensis and L. plei were analysed for water, protein, lipid and mineral contents and gross energy (GE). The fish are more important in the diet of the boto-cinza and squids are consumed mostly by the franciscana. Loligo sanpaulensis had the higher water content and protein was the largest fraction of the organic matter in all prey species. Squids presented greater GE values than fish. The data on prey composition and energy from this study are the first for these South American dolphins.

scholarly journals Feeding preference of adult females of ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus through prey proximate-composition and caloric values

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Trindade Bittar ◽  
Danielle Rodrigues Awabdi ◽  
William Cristiane Teles Tonini ◽  
Manuel Vazquez Vidal Junior ◽  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Prey Protein

In the present study we analysed the proximate-composition and caloric values of the preferred prey consumed by ribbonfish, Trichiurus lepturus L. 1758 (adult females), that are distributed in the inner continental shelf from northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (~22ºS), assessing the potential of nutritional and energetic approach as a tool to understand the feeding selective pattern of this marine top carnivore. The preferred prey of this predator composed of fish co-specifics, Pellona harroweri, Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Lycengraulis grossidens, Peprilus paru, squid Doryteuthis plei, and shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were collected from 2007 to 2010 for proximate-composition (water, protein, lipid, ash, and carbohydrate) and caloric value analyses. The correspondence analysis showed that protein is the main component in the prey species (61.32% of variance explained), standing out from the other nutrients. Lipid has the highest percentage related to L. grossidens, ash to X. kroyeri and carbohydrate to D. plei. The strong correlations between protein and caloric value (positive) and lipid and caloric value (negative) indicated that T. lepturus is attending its energy demand through the prey protein content. This work elucidated the feeding preference of adult females of T. lepturus in relation to nutritional and caloric content of their preferred prey. The species showed food selectivity to prey that provide more energy per ingested biomass, so that the feeding events can maximize the predator's caloric gain, which is obtained by a protein-based diet.

scholarly journals Proximate, Antinutrient and Mineral Contents of Aframomum danielli (Ataiko) Seed

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Peters Dikioye Emmanuel ◽  
Kojo, Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Background: Plant seeds are rich in nutrients and antinutrients which interfere with bioavailability of minerals. Objective: This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate, anti-nutrients and minerals compositions and estimation of relative mineral bioavailability of Aframomum danielli seed (Ataiko). Methods: Proximate composition was assessed by AOAC methods, minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anti-nutrients by titrimetric methods. Results: Proximate compositions in percentage revealed carbohydrate with (51.95±0.15), crude fibre (16.00±0.10) and fat (2.35±0.15) was least. Caloric value (kcal 100 g) was 286.55±2.75 Phytate (1.98±0.03%) was higher than oxalate (0.06±0.00%). Major mineral percentage included phosphorus (7401.43 ± 318.24) and sulphur (1926.58 ± 21.49), minor minerals were in trace amounts. Molar ratios of phytate: Fe, Zn and Ca and oxalate:Ca were above their critical values. Conclusion: A. daneilli seed is rich in nutrients, has high caloric value. High intake could lead to micronutrient malnutrition.

scholarly journals Feeding habits and behaviour of Bagre bagre and Genidens barbus, two ariid catfishes (Pisces: Siluriformes) from southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 10771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Thereza Manhães Tavares ◽  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri

The feeding habits and behaviour of adult specimens of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) and Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803), both targets of commercial fisheries in coastal southeastern Brazil, were evaluated through stomach content analysis.  These catfish are generalistic benthophagous feeders and daytime consumers, and the analysis points to fish and crustaceans as their primary prey.  The fish Trichiurus lepturus and the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were the main prey species, indicating that both catfish species prey upon the most abundant resources available in the study area.

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Components of Processed Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor, (Ait) Vent)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
M. D. Udo ◽  
G. D. Eyoh ◽  
C. P. Jimmy ◽  
U. E. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Processing Techniques

In the subtropic and perhaps worldwide a novel plant Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam, Ikpong Ekpo) has not actually been utilized as food for man, livestock or poultry, though in abundance. Also, the effective utilization of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) tubers in livestock and poultry feed is limited by the presence of anti-nutrient components which requires some form of processing. The effect of boiling and soaking on gross energy, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and proximate composition of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait), Vent) were determined with the aim of investigating its suitability as a feed ingredient. The soaked, raw and boiled tubers were dried, milled and analyzed for chemical compositions. Crude protein contents of raw and processed Caladium bicolor tubers range were 7.58% - 8.28% and the crude fibre values ranged between1.92 - 2.12%. The gross energy value of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was higher (2.85kcal/g) and also statistically similar (p>0.05) to both raw and soaked Caladium bicolor tubers. The micro and macro mineral composition of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to soaking method. Values obtained for boiled Caladium bicolor tubers were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the toxic substances determined, except for the HCN content being above the tolerable limit for ruminant animals. The results indicate that processing techniques adopted enhanced the proximate composition, caloric components, mineral contents and significantly (p>0.05) lowered in the level of anti-nutrients present in wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait). Vent) tubers with boiling being the best and hence the recommended processing method for use in detoxifying C. bicolor.

scholarly journals Regionally extinct species rediscovered: the bush dog Speothos venaticus in Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Braga Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Juliano Rabelo Oliveira ◽  
Rogério Cunha de Paula ◽  
Flávio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues ◽  
Érica Daniele Cunha Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
South American ◽  
North West ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Bush Dog ◽  
Speothos Venaticus

AbstractThe bush dog Speothos venaticus, a rare Near Threatened South American canid that lives in packs, was thought to be extinct in Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil, until recently. Here, we report four recent records of the species in Minas Gerais, the first in the state since the description of the species in 1842. All records are from the Cerrado ecosystem in the north and north-west of the state; two are from animals found dead, one from footprints and another from a camera trap. Three of the records were inside or close (< 10 km) to strict protected areas, in a region recognized as the Protected Areas Mosaic Sertão Veredas–Peruaçu, where we expect any new records of the bush dog to be found. We discuss the low probability of detecting the bush dog and the main regional threats to the species, and emphasize the need to protect large and interconnected natural areas and keep them free of domestic dogs to avoid the extinction of the bush dog in Minas Gerais.

Stomach contents of the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) from Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Cynoscion Guatucupa ◽  
Janeiro State

Along the central coast of Rio de Janeiro State (22°25′S–23°00′S), south-eastern Brazil, the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) feeds on neritic prey that are distributed through the water column and are abundant all year round. The most frequently found species were the teleost fish Trichiurus lepturus, Cynoscion guatucupa, Isopisthus parvipinnis and Porichthys porossisimus. Fish species were more important than cephalopod species in the diet of the marine tucuxi. Back calculations of prey sizes indicated that they feed mainly on young specimens. The present study provided additional information on the feeding habits of the marine tucuxi dolphin.

The American Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance ◽  
Vanessa Plana
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Central American ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
South American ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The American Proteaceae are outliers from the main centres of diversity of the family in Australia and South Africa. There are about 83 species in eight genera which all belong to the monophyletic subfamily Grevilleoideae. Three genera, Embothrium, Oreocallis and Lomatia, are placed in the tribe Embothrieae (sensu Johnson and Briggs), four Euplassa, Gevuina, Panopsis and Roupala in the Macadamieae and the single genus Orites in the Oriteae. There are five genera endemic to America and three also have species in Australia and New Guinea (Gevuina, Lomatia and Orites). The Proteaceae appear to have arrived in South America via two routes. The larger genera Euplassa, Panopsis and Roupala, which are all endemic to America and have a general distribution in northern South America and south-eastern Brazil, are derived from Gondwanaland before it separated from South America. The remaining genera are distributed either in temperate South America or in the high Andes and appear to have arrived more recently via the Australia–Antarctica–South American connection. Three of these genera have species in both regions. The centres of species diversity of Euplassa, Panopsis and Roupala fall outside hypothesised forest refugia, indicating that they are not true rainforest species but species of seasonal habitats like those achieved at higher altitudes where they are commonly found. Two genera,Panopsis and Roupala, have reached Central America after the central American land bridge was formed six million years ago. The exact relationship to genera on other continents is still unclear and there is a need for a cladistic biogeographic analysis of the group based on both morphological and molecular data.

Oceanographic factors influencing the distribution of South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis around the Falkland Islands before the breeding season

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1597-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Laptikhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
South American ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
South West ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Productive Zone

Distribution of fur seals Arctocephalus australis has been studied in October 2007 on the western, southern and eastern Falkland shelves during the survey of spawning grounds of the red cod, Salilota australis. Fur seals presence/absence, numbers and sex were recorded at every oceanographic station. Animals were found foraging on the shelf edge south-west of the islands, in a productive zone with quasi-stationary eddies at a periphery of upwelling. It was also the zone of maximum abundance of lobster-krill, Munida spp.—an important food source of fur seals and aggregations of both red cod and blue whiting, Micromesistius australis. No fur seals were found in waters of the relative cold and saline Falkland Current as well as in the relatively warm, fresh and oxygen-rich waters of Argentine Drift. It allows supposing that position and extension of the foraging grounds are caused by oceanographic features determining distribution of prey species.

On the geographic distribution of Boeckella brevicaudata (Brady, 1875) (Copepoda, Calanoida) and its species associations in seasonal ephemeral pools in the Magallanes region (53°S, Chile)

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante ◽  
Andrés Mansilla
Keyword(s):  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Ephemeral Pools ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Southern Patagonia

The distribution of crustaceans of inland waters in southern Patagonia is characterized by the presence of sub-Antarctic and southern South American species. The aims of the present study were to study the geographical distribution of the calanoid copepod Boeckella brevicaudata (Brady, 1875) and the community structure of the zooplankton assemblages in which this species occurs. This last purpose was approached by applying null-models analyses based on species co-occurrence and niche-sharing. The species itself inhabits sub-Antarctic islands as well as southern South America. The results of the co-occurrence null model analysis revealed that the communities with this species have no regulating factors, whereas the niche overlap null model analysis revealed that these species share the same ecological niche. We thus found low abundances for all species, with specifically low B. brevicaudata abundance, at low mineral contents of the water. The results obtained were similar among sites in southern Argentinean and southern Chilean Patagonia, and on sub-Antarctic islands of which data were available.

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