scholarly journals Proximate, Antinutrient and Mineral Contents of Aframomum danielli (Ataiko) Seed

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Peters Dikioye Emmanuel ◽  
Kojo, Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Background: Plant seeds are rich in nutrients and antinutrients which interfere with bioavailability of minerals. Objective: This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate, anti-nutrients and minerals compositions and estimation of relative mineral bioavailability of Aframomum danielli seed (Ataiko). Methods: Proximate composition was assessed by AOAC methods, minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anti-nutrients by titrimetric methods. Results: Proximate compositions in percentage revealed carbohydrate with (51.95±0.15), crude fibre (16.00±0.10) and fat (2.35±0.15) was least. Caloric value (kcal 100 g) was 286.55±2.75 Phytate (1.98±0.03%) was higher than oxalate (0.06±0.00%). Major mineral percentage included phosphorus (7401.43 ± 318.24) and sulphur (1926.58 ± 21.49), minor minerals were in trace amounts. Molar ratios of phytate: Fe, Zn and Ca and oxalate:Ca were above their critical values. Conclusion: A. daneilli seed is rich in nutrients, has high caloric value. High intake could lead to micronutrient malnutrition.

scholarly journals Dry matter yield, mineral contents and proximate composition of Panicum maximum (Jacq var. Ntchisi) sown with forage legumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
F. T Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

This study assessed the dry matter yield, mineral and proximate composition of Panicum maximum Jacq var. Ntchisi planted with Lablab purpureus (Lablab), Centrosema pubescens (Centro), Aeschynomene histrix (A. histrix) and Stylosanthes guianensis (Stylo) in a 3 x 5 factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design in early, mid and late rainy season. The dry matter yields (DMY) of panicum sown with Lablab (11.82 t/ha/yr) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that observed for other mixtures. The least DMY of 9.46 t/ha/yr was observed for panicum in panicum/ A. histrix mixture. The yields recorded for Stylo and Lablab were highest in mid and late rainy seasons than in the early rain. Panicum sown with Lablab had the highest DM (37.71g/100g DM), Crude protein (CP) (11.36g/100g DM), ether extracts (7.20g/100g DM) and ash content (2.52g/100g DM). Among the legumes, Lablab had the highest CP (23.29 g/100g DM), crude fibre (10.61 g/100g DM) and ash content (3.96 g/100g DM). However, Centro was highest in ether extract (9.30g/100g DM). Panicum sown with Lablab had higher concentration of sodium (Na) and iron (Fe) while panicum planted with Stylo had highest concentration of phosphorus (P). The concentration of calcium (Ca) was similar (P>0.05) among the mixtures but differed (P<0.05) in the legumes. Stylo had the highest Ca concentration (0.72%) whereas highest P and Fe values were observed in Lablab. In conclusion, panicum harvested from panicum/lablab mixture had the highest DMY, CP, EE and ash content of grass in early, mid and late rainy season than the other mixtures.   

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Components of Processed Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor, (Ait) Vent)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
M. D. Udo ◽  
G. D. Eyoh ◽  
C. P. Jimmy ◽  
U. E. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Processing Techniques

In the subtropic and perhaps worldwide a novel plant Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam, Ikpong Ekpo) has not actually been utilized as food for man, livestock or poultry, though in abundance. Also, the effective utilization of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) tubers in livestock and poultry feed is limited by the presence of anti-nutrient components which requires some form of processing. The effect of boiling and soaking on gross energy, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and proximate composition of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait), Vent) were determined with the aim of investigating its suitability as a feed ingredient. The soaked, raw and boiled tubers were dried, milled and analyzed for chemical compositions. Crude protein contents of raw and processed Caladium bicolor tubers range were 7.58% - 8.28% and the crude fibre values ranged between1.92 - 2.12%. The gross energy value of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was higher (2.85kcal/g) and also statistically similar (p>0.05) to both raw and soaked Caladium bicolor tubers. The micro and macro mineral composition of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to soaking method. Values obtained for boiled Caladium bicolor tubers were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the toxic substances determined, except for the HCN content being above the tolerable limit for ruminant animals. The results indicate that processing techniques adopted enhanced the proximate composition, caloric components, mineral contents and significantly (p>0.05) lowered in the level of anti-nutrients present in wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait). Vent) tubers with boiling being the best and hence the recommended processing method for use in detoxifying C. bicolor.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean and Finger Millet Flours on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Beef Meat Sausage

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
B. Behailu ◽  
M. Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Four Levels

Aims: Nowadays increasing costs of animal protein has necessitated the need to investigate uses of cheaper and nutritive alternatives various food formulations. To increase nutritional value and sensory qualities of sausage from soybean and finger millet flours and beef meat and to reduce the formulation costs of the product. Study Design: The experiment was set in single factor experiments. Blending ratio (soy-millet flour and beef meat ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 0:100%) with four levels and triplicate. blend proportion of soybean and finger millet flours is similar. Place and Duration of Study: Sample preparation, product processing and quality analysis was carried out in Bahir Dar institute of technology, Department of Food Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia between April 2017 and June 2018. Methodology: Four batches of beef sausages were investigated in which finger millet and soy flours were substituted with beef meat. Proximate composition with selected mineral contents, sensory characteristics, physical properties and production cost of sausages were determined. Percentage proximate composition were determined by using the standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Calcium and zinc were analyzed by EDTA titration and Modified AOAC respectively and physical property of sausage were also analyzed. Results: As soy and finger millet flours inclusion increase, the nutritional value of sausage increased such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash and the cooking yield from 56.91(control) to 77.24% (30% inclusion) by reducing weight loss. The sausage products were generally accepted and 20% soy and millet flour inclusion was “liked very much. Soy and finger millet flour inclusion reduced production cost from 177 (control) to 142 ETB (30% inclusion) per mix (1150 g). Conclusion: Soybean and finger millet flours were used in beef sausage products to improve nutritional value, consumer acceptability and reduce the formulation cost. These results suggest that beef meat can be used successfully for the production of beef meat sausage as an alternative uses of different flours.

scholarly journals Methods of Preparation and the Energy, Protein and Mineral Values of Three Cameroonian Dishes: "Corn Chaff", "Nnam Owondo/Ebobolo" and "Nnam Ngon/Ebobolo"

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Roger Ponka ◽  
◽  
Fokou E ◽  
Fotso M ◽  
Achu MB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Cucumeropsis Mannii ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Nutritional Balance

This study analyses the different methods of preparation and the nutritional value of three Cameroonian dishes. These are: "Corn chaff", "Nnam Owondo/Ebobolo" and "Nnam Ngon/Ebobolo". "Corn chaff" is a mixture of corn (Z ea mays L.), beans (P haseolus vulgaris ) and palm oil ( Elaeis guinensis ). "Nnam Owondo/Ebobolo" is made up of groundnut paste ( Arachis hypogaea ) and cassava paste ( Manihot utilisima). "Nnam Ngon/Ebobolo" is made up of egusi paste ( Cucumeropsis mannii ) and cassava paste ( Manihot utilisima ). The moisture, ash, protein, lipid , fibre and carbohydrate contents were determined using standard methods. The mineral contents (magnesium, copper, iron and zinc) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. A survey of these dishes in the market gave the quantity and the cost of each dish sold: A serving of "Corn chaff" which costs 200F CFA, weighs 641g; that of "Nnam Owondo/Ebobolo" which costs 150F CFA weighs 566g and that of "Nnam Ngon/Ebobolo" which costs 150F CFA weighs 507g. The proximate analysis gave the following nutritive content: moisture (67.9; 49.5 and 53.4 g/100g F.W), ash (4.30; 1.77 and 1.54 g/100g D.W), protein (11.7; 8.96 and 7.36 g/100g D.W), lipid (17.6; 13.5 and 7.79 g/100g D.W), fibre (3.18; 1.86 and 0.84 g/100g D.W), carbohydrate (63.3; 73.8 and 82.5 g/100g D.W), magnesium (95; 108.9 and 97.9 mg/100g D.W), copper (0.57; 0.27 and 0.23 mg/100g D.W), iron (6.08; 2.97 and 3,87 mg/100g D.W) and zinc (3.74; 3,29 and 3,14 mg/100g D.W) for "Corn chaff", "Nnam Owondo/Ebobolo" and "Nnam Ngon/Ebobolo" respectively. The content in nutrients shows that ′′ Corn chaff ′′ is balanced with respect to the proportions of protein, lipid and carbohydrate energy. On the other hand, "Nnam Owondo/Ebobolo" and "Nnam Ngon/Ebobolo" have low proportions of protein and lipid energy. The contents in minerals (Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn) are low. Th e quantities actually ingested enable the coverage of 64; 69 and 45 % of the protein allowances and 31; 42 and 33% of the energy allowances for the tree dishes respectively, for an averagely active adult. For a good nutritional balance, it is recommended to consume a greater quantity of "Nnam Owondo " and "Nnam Ngon with smaller quantities of "Ebobolo".

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Nutritive Value of Smoked, Dried Procambarus clarkii (Freshwater Crayfish) from Three Nigerian States

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Akinsola Omole ◽  
Oluwafunmike Blessing Adepoju ◽  
Oluwasola Toluwalope Moradeyo ◽  
Olayinka Josephine Okuneye ◽  
Adunola Abosede Bello
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Significant Difference

The nutritive value of smoked, dried Procambarus clarkii sourced from Akwa Ibom, Rivers and Lagos states of Nigeria were evaluated and compared.  The proximate composition of the crayfish samples were determined using official methods of analysis, mineral composition were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and  the amino acid composition were analysed using Amino Acid Analyser. The proximate composition of the crayfish samples from three different locations (Akwa Ibom, Lagos and Rivers states) such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations while crude fibre and carbohydrate content showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations. The amino acids composition gave the crayfish sample from Akwa Ibom state as the richest source of essential amino acids. The mineral contents of the crayfish samples such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and calcium showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations while calcium, zinc and sodium contents showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations. Comparing their nutrient component, smoked, dried P. Clarkia from Awka Ibom state possess the richest nutritive value. 

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL AND CAKE FROM Spirogyra porticallis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
D. D. Gaiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Algae Oil

Aim. Search of healthy and edible alternative oils from algae. Such oil provides many health benefits mainly because of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) form of omega-3 fattyacids and some other micro nutrients in smaller amounts. Methods. Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract the oil with n-hexane as the solvent. The proximate composition was determined by AOAC methods, while the mineral contents were determined by AAS. FTIR and UV-Visible spectra of the oil were run using Agilent- FTIR Spectrometer and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer respectively. Results. The oil yield was very low (1.05%). The proximate composition reveals carbohydrate as the major nutrient in the residue (79.18%), others include lipid (8.03%), crude protein (5.00%), moisture (2.78%), crude fibre (3.01%) and ash (2.00%). The mineral composition reveals high amount of potassium (1602.5 mg/100g) and calcium (632.5 mg/100g) with low levels of phosphorous (14.9 mg/100g) and sodium (12.8 mg/100g). The FTIR spectrum of algae oil is similar to the normal vegetable oil. Stretching vibrations at 2922.2 cm-1 and 2855 cm-1 are attributed to methylene (-CH2--) and methyl (-CH3) groups while absorption bands at 1710 cm-1 and 1744 cm-1 showed carboxylic groups for algae oil and vegetable oil (control) which was attributed to C=O stretching vibrations (esters). The UV-Visible spectrum of algae oil showed two peaks at 408 nm and 660 nm for carotenoids and chlorophyll A respectively, which corroborate with previous studies. Conclusions. We conclude that the oil and cake characterized from Spirogyra porticallis has great potential for medicinal and nutritional usage.

scholarly journals Proximate composition and GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of Solanum spirale Roxb.

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Temin Payum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Area Percentage

Solanum spirale Roxb. is abundantly grown in eastern Himalayan regions. The shoot is used as a vegetable as well as medicine to control high blood pressure. The present study was carried out to profile the phytochemical compositions, mineral contents and proximate composition of the Solanum spirale shoot. GC-MS was used for the identification of phytochemicals and methods described in standard protocols were used to study minerals and proximate composition. A total of 40 phytochemicals were recorded from the ethanol extract. Mineral contents of the sample 0.115 (Fe), 0.07 (Mn), 0.015 (Cu), 0.040 (Zn), 2.25 (Mg), 3.08 (Na) and 16.7 (K) mg/g  while proximate composition were  76.25± 0.093 % (moisture)3.82±0.26 % (Carbohydrate), 12.54±0.08% (Total ash), 0.39±0.98% (Crude protein), 6.12±1.07 % (Crude fibre), 0.37±0.07 % (Crude fat). (Z,Z)-6,9-Cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene occupied highest area percentage in TIC peak report with 24.55%, followed by Pentadecanoic acid with 18.81 percent, with Pentadecane with 9.99%, Hexadecanoicacid, Ethyl ester with 8.64%, (2E)(7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol with 7.75%. Useful phytocompounds related to health problems including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, increase zinc bioavailability, inhibit uric acid formation, antibacterial, anti-inflamatory, antioxidant etc. are major components and such findings advocate Solanum spirale as a nutraceutical herb.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF COPPER AND MANGANESE COMPLEXES WITH METHIONINE AND TRYPTOPHAN: ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Azkaafina Hindersah ◽  
Harmita . ◽  
Catur Jatmika
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Free State ◽  
Manganese Complexes ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Manganese Mineral ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Objective: In this study, we aimed to create complexes consisting of copper and manganese mineral elements and amino acids.Methods: We determined the mineral element levels both bound and in their free state using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The synthesizedcomplexes were characterized using infrared spectrophotometry, while the free and bound mineral contents were separated using ion exchangechromatography.Results: Our results demonstrated that the synthesis of such complexes was successful. The free mineral contents of the copper-methionine, coppertryptophan,and manganese-methionine complexes were 4.52, 6.53, and 0.056 mg/kg, respectively, while the bound mineral contents of the coppermethionine,copper-tryptophan, manganese-methionine, and manganese-tryptophan complexes were 96.885, 114.974, 57.778, and 49.624 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusion: The synthesis of copper and manganese complexes were successfully formed and analysis.Keywords:

scholarly journals Penyuluhan dan Pembuatan Settling Pond dalam Upaya Pengurangan Pencemaran Limbah Tambang

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Baiq Rina Amalia Safitri ◽  
Sukainil Ahzan ◽  
Pahriah Pahriah ◽  
Mina Yuliana ◽  
Husnul Heni Martina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Settling Pond ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
Settling Ponds ◽  
Essential Heavy Metal

Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di laboratorium penguji Balai Pengkajin Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) NTB bahwa batuan tambang yang ada di daerah Sekotong tidak hanya mengandung emas tetapi terdapat beberapa kandungan mineral lainnya seperti P, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, dan S, metode yang digunakan dengan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Logam berat Fe merupakan logam berat essensial yang keberadaannya dalam jumlah tertentu sangat dibutuhkan oleh organisme hidup, namun dalam jumlah yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan efek racun. Untuk mengatasi masalah maka melakukan dua kegiatan yakni: a) penyuluhan tentang pentingnya kebersihan terhadap lingkungan. b) pembuatan saluran limbah agar tidak mencemari lingkungan yakni pembuatan kolam pengendapan (settling pond). Selain itu dari kolam pengendapan (settling pond) didapat lumpur dari sisa pengolahan atau penggelondongan emas, lumpur tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi barang bernilai ekonomi dan memiliki harga jual seperti bata tanpa bakar. Hasil dari kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu pengetahuan masyarakat penambang tentang pentingnya lingkungan yang bersih dan kolam pengendapan (settling pond) dan kemampuan masyarakat tambang dalam mengolah limbah menjadi barang bernilai jual yaitu dengan membuat bata tanpa bakar. Keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini terlihat dari banyaknya masyarakat yang hadir dan antusiasnya mereka dalam mendukung kegiatan ini yakni dengan terjun langung membantu.Counseling and Making Settling Pond in an Effort to Reduce Mine Waste PollutionAbstractBased on the test results at the NTB Agricultural Technology Center (BPTP) examiner laboratory that mining rocks in the Sekotong area not only contain gold but there are several other mineral contents such as P, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, and S, the method used with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Heavy metal Fe is an essential heavy metal whose existence in a certain amount is needed by living organisms, but in excessive amounts can cause toxic effects. To overcome the problem, two activities are carried out, namely: a) counseling about the importance of cleanliness to the environment. b) making sewage lines so as not to pollute the environment, namely the creation of settling ponds. Besides that, from settling ponds, sludge is obtained from the processing waste or gold rolling, the sludge can be utilized as economic value goods and has a selling price such as brick without burning. The results of the activities carried out are the knowledge of the mining community about the importance of a clean environment and settling ponds and the ability of the mining community to process waste into valuable goods, by making bricks without burning. The success of this activity can be seen from the large number of people present and their enthusiasm in supporting this activity by jumping in to help.

Comparison between the diet of two dolphins from south-eastern Brazil: proximate-composition and caloric value of prey species

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Monique Virães Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Manuel Vazquez Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Gross Energy

A comparison between the diet of the franciscana and the boto-cinza is presented through the proximate-composition and caloric value of their main prey. The fish Stellifer cf. rastrifer, Pellona harroweri, Anchoa filifera, Isopisthus parvippinnis and Trichiurus lepturus and the squids Loligo sanpaulensis and L. plei were analysed for water, protein, lipid and mineral contents and gross energy (GE). The fish are more important in the diet of the boto-cinza and squids are consumed mostly by the franciscana. Loligo sanpaulensis had the higher water content and protein was the largest fraction of the organic matter in all prey species. Squids presented greater GE values than fish. The data on prey composition and energy from this study are the first for these South American dolphins.

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