scholarly journals Nutrient Composition, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Components of Processed Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor, (Ait) Vent)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
M. D. Udo ◽  
G. D. Eyoh ◽  
C. P. Jimmy ◽  
U. E. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Processing Techniques

In the subtropic and perhaps worldwide a novel plant Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam, Ikpong Ekpo) has not actually been utilized as food for man, livestock or poultry, though in abundance. Also, the effective utilization of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) tubers in livestock and poultry feed is limited by the presence of anti-nutrient components which requires some form of processing. The effect of boiling and soaking on gross energy, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and proximate composition of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait), Vent) were determined with the aim of investigating its suitability as a feed ingredient. The soaked, raw and boiled tubers were dried, milled and analyzed for chemical compositions. Crude protein contents of raw and processed Caladium bicolor tubers range were 7.58% - 8.28% and the crude fibre values ranged between1.92 - 2.12%. The gross energy value of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was higher (2.85kcal/g) and also statistically similar (p>0.05) to both raw and soaked Caladium bicolor tubers. The micro and macro mineral composition of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to soaking method. Values obtained for boiled Caladium bicolor tubers were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the toxic substances determined, except for the HCN content being above the tolerable limit for ruminant animals. The results indicate that processing techniques adopted enhanced the proximate composition, caloric components, mineral contents and significantly (p>0.05) lowered in the level of anti-nutrients present in wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait). Vent) tubers with boiling being the best and hence the recommended processing method for use in detoxifying C. bicolor.

scholarly journals Proximate, Antinutrient and Mineral Contents of Aframomum danielli (Ataiko) Seed

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Peters Dikioye Emmanuel ◽  
Kojo, Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Background: Plant seeds are rich in nutrients and antinutrients which interfere with bioavailability of minerals. Objective: This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate, anti-nutrients and minerals compositions and estimation of relative mineral bioavailability of Aframomum danielli seed (Ataiko). Methods: Proximate composition was assessed by AOAC methods, minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anti-nutrients by titrimetric methods. Results: Proximate compositions in percentage revealed carbohydrate with (51.95±0.15), crude fibre (16.00±0.10) and fat (2.35±0.15) was least. Caloric value (kcal 100 g) was 286.55±2.75 Phytate (1.98±0.03%) was higher than oxalate (0.06±0.00%). Major mineral percentage included phosphorus (7401.43 ± 318.24) and sulphur (1926.58 ± 21.49), minor minerals were in trace amounts. Molar ratios of phytate: Fe, Zn and Ca and oxalate:Ca were above their critical values. Conclusion: A. daneilli seed is rich in nutrients, has high caloric value. High intake could lead to micronutrient malnutrition.

NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF CASSAVA PEELS ENSILED WITH MORINGA, GLIRICIDIA AND LEUCAENA LEAVES

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Phytic Phosphorus

The experiment was conducted to assess the proximate composition, mineral content, gross energy and antinutrients of cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Gliricidia and Leucaena leaves. The crude protein for cassava peels ensiled with Moringaoleifera (CMO) was 20.32g100g-1, cassava peels ensiled with Leucaenaleucocepphala(CLL) was 23.17g100g-1 and cassava peels ensiled with Gliricidiasepium (CGS) was 22.23g100g-1.  Ether extract values were 4.02g100g-1, 3.56g100g-1 and 3.20g100g-1 for CMO,CLL and CGS respectively. Ash content for cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidiawere 4.26g100g-1, 3.80g100g-1 and 4.20g100g-1 respectively. The crude fibre ranged from 12.03g100g-1 in CLL to 12.56g100g-1 in CGS. In cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves Na, K, Ca, Zn were the most abundant minerals in all the treatments.The tannin content varied from 0.20g100g-1 in CMO to 0.45g100g-1 in CGS. The phytic acid ranged from 10.12g100g-1 in CMO to 14.76g100g-1 in CGS. The phytic-phosphorus ranged from 2.85g100g-1 in CMO to 4.16gg100g-1 in CGS. The oxalate contents were 2.85g100g-1, 3.52g100g-1 and 4.16g100g-1 in CMO, CLL and CGS respectively. It is evident that cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidia have great potentials for livestock animals and could be utilized as a source of supplementary feed for ruminant animals.

scholarly journals Dehulling the African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich) Seeds : Any Nutritional Importance? Note I

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Adeyeye ◽  
OO Agesin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Nutritional Importance ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

The flour from three colour varieties of dehulled seeds and hull of the African Yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) were analysed for proximate composition, ash solubility and alkalinity and the mineral composition, The dehulled seeds were labelled A2, B2 and C2 while the corresponding hulls were labelled A3, B3 and C3 respectively. Both protein and carbohydrate were highly concentrated in the dehulled samples while crude fat and crude fibre were more concentrated in the hulls. The ash was more than 90 % soluble in dilute mineral acid and significant correlation existed (0.99) in the ash solubility characteristics. With the exception of phosphorus and potassium, other minerals determined (Cu, Zn, Co, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe) were found to be more concentrated in the hulls than in dehulled samples and correlation coefficients were significantly high among the samples with values ranging between 0.94 (r A2 A3, r B2 B3) and 0.95 (r C2 C3) at α= 0.05. Error of prediction of relationship between dehulled and hull samples was low in the seed fractions, ash analysis and mineral composition. These results showed that dehulling of AYB can cause a reduction in its nutritional qualities. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(2), 163-174, 2007

scholarly journals Dry matter yield, mineral contents and proximate composition of Panicum maximum (Jacq var. Ntchisi) sown with forage legumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
F. T Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

This study assessed the dry matter yield, mineral and proximate composition of Panicum maximum Jacq var. Ntchisi planted with Lablab purpureus (Lablab), Centrosema pubescens (Centro), Aeschynomene histrix (A. histrix) and Stylosanthes guianensis (Stylo) in a 3 x 5 factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design in early, mid and late rainy season. The dry matter yields (DMY) of panicum sown with Lablab (11.82 t/ha/yr) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that observed for other mixtures. The least DMY of 9.46 t/ha/yr was observed for panicum in panicum/ A. histrix mixture. The yields recorded for Stylo and Lablab were highest in mid and late rainy seasons than in the early rain. Panicum sown with Lablab had the highest DM (37.71g/100g DM), Crude protein (CP) (11.36g/100g DM), ether extracts (7.20g/100g DM) and ash content (2.52g/100g DM). Among the legumes, Lablab had the highest CP (23.29 g/100g DM), crude fibre (10.61 g/100g DM) and ash content (3.96 g/100g DM). However, Centro was highest in ether extract (9.30g/100g DM). Panicum sown with Lablab had higher concentration of sodium (Na) and iron (Fe) while panicum planted with Stylo had highest concentration of phosphorus (P). The concentration of calcium (Ca) was similar (P>0.05) among the mixtures but differed (P<0.05) in the legumes. Stylo had the highest Ca concentration (0.72%) whereas highest P and Fe values were observed in Lablab. In conclusion, panicum harvested from panicum/lablab mixture had the highest DMY, CP, EE and ash content of grass in early, mid and late rainy season than the other mixtures.   

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean and Finger Millet Flours on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Beef Meat Sausage

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
B. Behailu ◽  
M. Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Four Levels

Aims: Nowadays increasing costs of animal protein has necessitated the need to investigate uses of cheaper and nutritive alternatives various food formulations. To increase nutritional value and sensory qualities of sausage from soybean and finger millet flours and beef meat and to reduce the formulation costs of the product. Study Design: The experiment was set in single factor experiments. Blending ratio (soy-millet flour and beef meat ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 0:100%) with four levels and triplicate. blend proportion of soybean and finger millet flours is similar. Place and Duration of Study: Sample preparation, product processing and quality analysis was carried out in Bahir Dar institute of technology, Department of Food Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia between April 2017 and June 2018. Methodology: Four batches of beef sausages were investigated in which finger millet and soy flours were substituted with beef meat. Proximate composition with selected mineral contents, sensory characteristics, physical properties and production cost of sausages were determined. Percentage proximate composition were determined by using the standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Calcium and zinc were analyzed by EDTA titration and Modified AOAC respectively and physical property of sausage were also analyzed. Results: As soy and finger millet flours inclusion increase, the nutritional value of sausage increased such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash and the cooking yield from 56.91(control) to 77.24% (30% inclusion) by reducing weight loss. The sausage products were generally accepted and 20% soy and millet flour inclusion was “liked very much. Soy and finger millet flour inclusion reduced production cost from 177 (control) to 142 ETB (30% inclusion) per mix (1150 g). Conclusion: Soybean and finger millet flours were used in beef sausage products to improve nutritional value, consumer acceptability and reduce the formulation cost. These results suggest that beef meat can be used successfully for the production of beef meat sausage as an alternative uses of different flours.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Nutritive Value of Smoked, Dried Procambarus clarkii (Freshwater Crayfish) from Three Nigerian States

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Akinsola Omole ◽  
Oluwafunmike Blessing Adepoju ◽  
Oluwasola Toluwalope Moradeyo ◽  
Olayinka Josephine Okuneye ◽  
Adunola Abosede Bello
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Significant Difference

The nutritive value of smoked, dried Procambarus clarkii sourced from Akwa Ibom, Rivers and Lagos states of Nigeria were evaluated and compared.  The proximate composition of the crayfish samples were determined using official methods of analysis, mineral composition were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and  the amino acid composition were analysed using Amino Acid Analyser. The proximate composition of the crayfish samples from three different locations (Akwa Ibom, Lagos and Rivers states) such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations while crude fibre and carbohydrate content showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations. The amino acids composition gave the crayfish sample from Akwa Ibom state as the richest source of essential amino acids. The mineral contents of the crayfish samples such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and calcium showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations while calcium, zinc and sodium contents showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations. Comparing their nutrient component, smoked, dried P. Clarkia from Awka Ibom state possess the richest nutritive value. 

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL AND CAKE FROM Spirogyra porticallis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
D. D. Gaiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Algae Oil

Aim. Search of healthy and edible alternative oils from algae. Such oil provides many health benefits mainly because of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) form of omega-3 fattyacids and some other micro nutrients in smaller amounts. Methods. Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract the oil with n-hexane as the solvent. The proximate composition was determined by AOAC methods, while the mineral contents were determined by AAS. FTIR and UV-Visible spectra of the oil were run using Agilent- FTIR Spectrometer and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer respectively. Results. The oil yield was very low (1.05%). The proximate composition reveals carbohydrate as the major nutrient in the residue (79.18%), others include lipid (8.03%), crude protein (5.00%), moisture (2.78%), crude fibre (3.01%) and ash (2.00%). The mineral composition reveals high amount of potassium (1602.5 mg/100g) and calcium (632.5 mg/100g) with low levels of phosphorous (14.9 mg/100g) and sodium (12.8 mg/100g). The FTIR spectrum of algae oil is similar to the normal vegetable oil. Stretching vibrations at 2922.2 cm-1 and 2855 cm-1 are attributed to methylene (-CH2--) and methyl (-CH3) groups while absorption bands at 1710 cm-1 and 1744 cm-1 showed carboxylic groups for algae oil and vegetable oil (control) which was attributed to C=O stretching vibrations (esters). The UV-Visible spectrum of algae oil showed two peaks at 408 nm and 660 nm for carotenoids and chlorophyll A respectively, which corroborate with previous studies. Conclusions. We conclude that the oil and cake characterized from Spirogyra porticallis has great potential for medicinal and nutritional usage.

Proximate composition, phytochemical and mineral contents of young and mature Polyalthia longifolia Sonn.leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O B Ojewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Proximate composition, phytochemical and mineral composition of young and mature Polyalthia longifolia Sonn. leaves were investigated using standard analytical procedures. Young leaves of Polyalthia longifolia contained 9% protein, 4% ash, 0.21% lipid, 25% fibre, 8% moisture and 54% carbohydrate while the mature leaves contained 10% protein, 5% ash, 0.26% lipid, 19% fibre, 9% moisture and 57% carbohydrates. The results for the quantitative phytochemicals revealed that the young leaves contained 3.91 (ppm) tannins, 0.34 (ppm) phenols and 62% flavonoids with the mature samples showing a relative result of 3.69 (ppm) tannins, 0.33 (ppm) phenols and 63% flavonoids. The mineral analysis of both samples showed that they contained appreciable quantities of minerals with the mature sample having higher concentrations of Na (30.03 mg/100 g), K (23.55 mg/100 g), Ca (89.18 mg/100 g) and Mg (27.55 mg/100 g) relative to Na (20.30 mg/100 g), K (16.93 mg/100 g), Ca (57.03 mg/100 g) and Mg (14.48 mg/100 g) found in the young leaves. The study showed that the leaves examined contained high levels of carbohydrates and fibre, low fat and phenols but very rich in minerals. These findings suggest that the leaves of Polyalthia longifolia might be a potential source of carbohydrates, fibre, phytochemicals and mineral elements for human and animal use.

scholarly journals Proximate, Antinutrients and Mineral Composition of Raw and Processed (Boiled and Roasted) Sphenostylis stenocarpa Seeds from Southern Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche Samuel Ndidi ◽  
Charity Unekwuojo Ndidi ◽  
Abbas Olagunju ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Francis Graham Billy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, level of anti-nutrients, and the mineral composition of raw and processed Sphenostylis stenocarpa seeds and at examining the effect of processing on the parameters. From the proximate composition analysis, the ash content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the processed and unprocessed (raw) samples. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the levels of moisture, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, gross energy, true protein, and crude fiber between the processed and unprocessed S. stenocarpa. Analyses of the antinutrient composition show that the processed S. stenocarpa registered significant reduction in levels of hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, and tannins compared to the unprocessed. Evaluation of the mineral composition showed that the level of sodium, calcium, and potassium was high in both the processed and unprocessed sample (150–400 mg/100 g). However, the level of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium was low in both processed and unprocessed samples (2–45 mg/100 g). The correlation analysis showed that tannins and oxalate affected the levels of ash and nitrogen-free extract of processed and unprocessed seeds. These results suggest that the consumption of S. stenocarpa will go a long way in reducing the level of malnutrition in northern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Proximate composition and GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of Solanum spirale Roxb.

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Temin Payum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Area Percentage

Solanum spirale Roxb. is abundantly grown in eastern Himalayan regions. The shoot is used as a vegetable as well as medicine to control high blood pressure. The present study was carried out to profile the phytochemical compositions, mineral contents and proximate composition of the Solanum spirale shoot. GC-MS was used for the identification of phytochemicals and methods described in standard protocols were used to study minerals and proximate composition. A total of 40 phytochemicals were recorded from the ethanol extract. Mineral contents of the sample 0.115 (Fe), 0.07 (Mn), 0.015 (Cu), 0.040 (Zn), 2.25 (Mg), 3.08 (Na) and 16.7 (K) mg/g  while proximate composition were  76.25± 0.093 % (moisture)3.82±0.26 % (Carbohydrate), 12.54±0.08% (Total ash), 0.39±0.98% (Crude protein), 6.12±1.07 % (Crude fibre), 0.37±0.07 % (Crude fat). (Z,Z)-6,9-Cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene occupied highest area percentage in TIC peak report with 24.55%, followed by Pentadecanoic acid with 18.81 percent, with Pentadecane with 9.99%, Hexadecanoicacid, Ethyl ester with 8.64%, (2E)(7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol with 7.75%. Useful phytocompounds related to health problems including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, increase zinc bioavailability, inhibit uric acid formation, antibacterial, anti-inflamatory, antioxidant etc. are major components and such findings advocate Solanum spirale as a nutraceutical herb.

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