Gastropod relevance in predator–prey interactions on a benthic shallow sandy ecosystem at Mar del Plata, Argentina (38°S)

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Arrighetti ◽  
V. Teso ◽  
T. Brey ◽  
P.E. Penchaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Main Food Source ◽  
First Time

The shallow sandy marine subtidal ecosystem off Mar del Plata, Argentina, is the scene of multiple fisheries activities, in particular the prawn–shrimp Artemesia longinaris and Pleoticus muelleri grounds. We examined the δ13C vs δ15N isotope signatures of 22 species commonly found in the area in order to understand how this ecosystem supports the fishery, with special emphasis on imposex-affected gastropod populations. Our results indicate that the main food source for Olivancillaria urceus and Buccinanops monilifer were bivalves and crustaceans. Buccinanops duartei and Olivancillaria carcellesi feed on bivalves and also on macroalgae. These findings indicate, for the first time, a slight selectivity of some of the gastropods studied for local drifted algal sources and how gastropods may scavenge available food from by-catch returned to the sea. The fishes Urophysis brasiliensis and Callorhynchus callorhynchus appeared to be the top predators of this area with B. duartei and O. carcellesi constituting important components of their diet.

scholarly journals The benthos: the ocean’s last boundary?

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-475
Author(s):  
Josep-Maria Gili ◽  
Begoña Vendrell-Simón ◽  
Wolf Arntz ◽  
Francesc Sabater ◽  
Joandomènec Ros
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Sinking Particles ◽  
Main Food Source

Benthic communities depend on receiving much of their food from the water column. While sinking, particles are transformed in a discontinuous process and are temporally retained in transitional physical structures, which act as boundaries and contribute to their further transformation. Motile organisms are well-acquainted with boundaries. The number, width and placement of boundaries are related to the degree of particle degradation or transformation. Progressively deepening within each boundary, particles are degraded according to their residence time in the discontinuity and the activity of the organisms temporarily inhabiting that boundary. Finally, particles reach the seafloor and represent the main food source for benthic organisms; the quality and quantity of this food have a strong impact on the development of benthic communities. However, benthic communities not only play the role of a sink of matter: they act as an active boundary comparable to other oceanic boundaries, in accordance with the boundary concept proposed by the ecologist Ramon Margalef.

scholarly journals The effect of abiotic and biotic factors on the importance of macroplankton in the diet of Northeast Arctic cod in recent years

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1463-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Orlova ◽  
A.V. Dolgov ◽  
G.B. Rudneva ◽  
V.N. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Main Food Source

AbstractUsing cod feeding data, this paper considers the distribution and abundance of macroplankton from different ecological groups (euphausiids and hyperiids) and the variability in their consumption by cod over a period of years during which different water mass temperatures were observed. These years were also characterized by variable abundance of capelin, cod's main food source. Differences in intensity and duration of cod consumption of euphausiids and hyperiids species are shown, depending on their abundance, temperature conditions, cod distribution, and the supply of capelin for cod. This paper discusses the energetics of consuming different types of prey and the role euphausiids play in the energy balance of cod. The low fat content of cod is sometimes associated with feeding on postspawning euphausiids in summer and autumn.

A preliminary investigation of the lipids and fatty acids composition of Gammarus aequicauda (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and its main food source

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Biandolino ◽  
Ermelinda Prato
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Gammarus Aequicauda ◽  
Chaetomorpha Linum ◽  
Main Food Source

Lipid and fatty acid composition in Gammarus aequicauda from Mar Piccolo (Ionian Sea, southern Italy) were studied during the spring months. Simultaneously, samples of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum were also collected from the same area. During these months Chaetomorpha linum was the main food source of Gammarus aequicauda. The main lipid classes were phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TG) both in Gammarus aequicauda and in Chaetomorpha linum with similar concentrations. But PL was the main lipid class in Gammarus aequicauda and TG in Chaetomorpha linum. On average unsaturated fatty acids represent the preponderant part in both G. aequicauda and C. linum. Gammarus aequicauda had a higher level in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), on the contrary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were the dominant unsaturated fatty acids in C. linum. Both were characterized by high levels of 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6), in particular C. linum had a high proportion of 14:0 and the ratio of 18:1n 9/18:1n 7 was high.

scholarly journals Diets of peracarid crustaceans associated with the orange coral Astroides calycularis in southern Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TERRÓN-SIGLERA ◽  
D. LEÓN-MUEZ ◽  
P. PEÑALVER-DUQUE ◽  
F. ESPINOSA TORRE
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Main Food Source

The endangered and Mediterranean endemic orange coral (Astroides calycularis) hosts an important macrofaunal assemblage. The gut contents of the main peracarids associated with the orange coral were analysed. In total 161 specimens belonging to 11 species and 9 families were examined on the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The gut content study was carried out introducing the specimens of each species in Hertwig’s liquid. The analysis revealed that the peracarid species associated with A. calycularis had different feeding strategies and their main food source was detritus. The results highlight that peracarids may depend on the host and the detritus that the coral produces.

scholarly journals Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2fixation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. B. Seah ◽  
Chakkiath Paul Antony ◽  
Bruno Huettel ◽  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Carbon Stable Isotope ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Main Food Source

AbstractSince the discovery of symbioses between sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria and invertebrates at hydrothermal vents over 40 years ago, it has been assumed that autotrophic fixation of CO2by the symbionts drives these nutritional associations. In this study, we investigatedCandidatusKentron, the clade of symbionts hosted byKentrophoros, a diverse genus of ciliates which are found in marine coastal sediments around the world. Despite being the main food source for their hosts, Kentron lack the key canonical genes for any of the known pathways for autotrophic fixation, and have a carbon stable isotope fingerprint unlike other thiotrophic symbionts from similar habitats. Our genomic and transcriptomic analyses instead found metabolic features consistent with growth on organic carbon, especially organic and amino acids, for which they have abundant uptake transporters. All known thiotrophic symbionts have converged on using reduced sulfur to generate energy lithotrophically, but they are diverse in their carbon sources. Some clades are obligate autotrophs, while many are mixotrophs that can supplement autotrophic carbon fixation with heterotrophic capabilities similar to those in Kentron. We have shown that Kentron are the only thiotrophic symbionts that appear to be entirely heterotrophic, unlike all other thiotrophic symbionts studied to date, which possess either the Calvin-Benson-Bassham or reverse tricarboxylic acid cycles for autotrophy.Significance StatementMany animals and protists depend on symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as their main food source. These bacteria use energy from oxidizing inorganic sulfur compounds to make biomass autotrophically from CO2, serving as primary producers for their hosts. Here we describe apparently non-autotrophic sulfur symbionts called Kentron, associated with marine ciliates. They lack genes for known autotrophic pathways, and have a carbon stable isotope fingerprint heavier than other symbionts from similar habitats. Instead they have the potential to oxidize sulfur to fuel the uptake of organic compounds for heterotrophic growth, a metabolic mode called chemolithoheterotrophy that is not found in other symbioses. Although several symbionts have heterotrophic features to supplement primary production, in Kentron they appear to supplant it entirely.

scholarly journals Does bivalve mucus favour the growth of their main food source, microalgae?

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cognie ◽  
Laurent Barille
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Main Food Source

scholarly journals Behaviourally mediated predation avoidance in penguin prey: in situ evidence from animal-borne camera loggers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 171449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Handley ◽  
Andréa Thiebault ◽  
Andrew Stanworth ◽  
David Schutt ◽  
Pierre Pistorius
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Gentoo Penguin ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Trophic Coupling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

Predator dietary studies often assume that diet is reflective of the diversity and relative abundance of their prey. This interpretation ignores species-specific behavioural adaptations in prey that could influence prey capture. Here, we develop and describe a scalable biologging protocol, using animal-borne camera loggers, to elucidate the factors influencing prey capture by a seabird, the gentoo penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ). From the video evidence, we show, to our knowledge for the first time, that aggressive behavioural defence mechanisms by prey can deter prey capture by a seabird. Furthermore, we provide evidence demonstrating that these birds, which were observed hunting solitarily, target prey when they are most discernible. Specifically, birds targeted prey primarily while ascending and when prey were not tightly clustered. In conclusion, we show that prey behaviour can significantly influence trophic coupling in marine systems because despite prey being present, it is not always targeted. Thus, these predator–prey relationships should be accounted for in studies using marine top predators as samplers of mid- to lower trophic-level species.

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