Thwarted Nationalism, Economic Counter-revolutions, and Anarcho-vassalage: Pakistan and the lineages of retardation

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1756-1795
Author(s):  
IMRAN ALI
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Dominate Discourse ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Empirical Analyses

AbstractThere are challenging complexities in analysing both historical trends and contemporary structures in the region now comprising Pakistan. Interrelating both history and the present poses further challenges. With scholarship aligned on either side of the apparent watershed of 1947, analysts have hitherto remained negligent of a pattern of continuity and disjuncture that is explored in this article, which it is hoped will enable a deeper understanding of historical causations and outcomes. Further, we propose here that such multiple and diverse trends, while they might demand distinct empirical analyses, can coalesce within three overarching themes. Analysing these themes and their interstices, enables a more cohesive and integrated understanding of Pakistan's complex realities than has been hitherto forthcoming from the more segmented approaches that dominate discourse on the study of Pakistan's past and present. The author aims to shed light on why and how retardation in Pakistan is so resilient, and hopes that understanding these long-term outcomes will be greatly assisted by an analytical approach predicated on three themes: thwarted nationalism, economic counter-revolutions, and anarcho-vassalage.

scholarly journals Symbols and world politics: Towards a long-term perspective on historical trends and contemporary challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Linklater
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Historical Trend ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Classification ◽  
Empirical Analyses

The role of symbols in world politics remains on the margins of the study of international relations. There has been no systematic discussion of how to promote theoretically informed empirical analyses of their role in earlier epochs and in the current era. This article defends a long-term perspective on symbols that emphasises their relationship with the overall historical trend towards societies of greater magnitude and destructive power. It advances a preliminary classification of analytically distinguishable core symbols in order to support future inquiries into symbols in state-organised societies and symbols that have been central to attempts to create wider solidarities. A long-term perspective on symbolic realms is important in order to understand the relationship between ‘national’ and ‘cosmopolitan symbols’ in the current era. Current challenges in the symbolic sphere illustrate more general trends in human societies, namely, problems in constructing wider symbolic frameworks that permit closer cooperation between groups in the context of increasing levels of interconnectedness.

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Trauma Surgeon's Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Moment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious epidemic in the United States. It affects patients of all ages, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). The current care of these patients typically manifests after sequelae have been identified after discharge from the hospital, long after the inciting event. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of identification and management of the TBI patient from the moment of injury through long-term care as a multidisciplinary approach. By promoting an awareness of the issues that develop around the acutely injured brain and linking them to long-term outcomes, the trauma team can initiate care early to alter the effect on the patient, family, and community. Hopefully, by describing the care afforded at a trauma center and by a multidisciplinary team, we can bring a better understanding to the armamentarium of methods utilized to treat the difficult population of TBI patients.

1337: Long Term Outcomes of Detrusor Myectomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Muhammad Z. Aslam ◽  
Meena Agarwal ◽  
Timothy P. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Outcomes

1002: Long Term Outcomes for Patients with High Volume Retroperitoneal Teratoma Undergoing Post Chemotherapy Surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D.W. Beck ◽  
Richard S. Foster ◽  
Richard Bihrle ◽  
John P. Donohue
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Retroperitoneal Teratoma

23: High Volume Hospitals do not have Better Long Term Outcomes Following Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent K. Hollenbeck ◽  
Yongliang Wei ◽  
John D. Birkmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

Abstract #238: Improved Short Term and Long Term Outcomes of Early Insulin Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Over 10 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Jothydev Kesavadev ◽  
Shashank Joshi ◽  
Banshi Saboo ◽  
Hemant Thacker ◽  
Arun Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Initiation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term

Periprocedural risk and long-term outcome of intracranial angioplasty based on a single-centre experience

VASA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-274
Author(s):  
Dagmar Krajíčková ◽  
Antonín Krajina ◽  
Miroslav Lojík ◽  
Martina Mulačová ◽  
Martin Vališ
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting ◽  
Aggressive Medical Management ◽  
Stroke Death

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is a major cause of stroke and yet there are currently no proven effective treatments for it. The SAMMPRIS trial, comparing aggressive medical management alone with aggressive medical management combined with intracranial angioplasty and stenting, was prematurely halted when an unexpectedly high rate of periprocedural events was found in the endovascular arm. The goal of our study is to report the immediate and long-term outcomes of patients with ≥ 70 % symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis treated with balloon angioplasty and stent placement in a single centre. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective review of 37 consecutive patients with 42 procedures of ballon angioplasty and stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (≥ 70 % stenosis) treated between 1999 and 2012. Technical success (residual stenosis ≤ 50 %), periprocedural success (no vascular complications within 72 hours), and long-term outcomes are reported. Results: Technical and periprocedural success was achieved in 90.5 % of patients. The within 72 hours periprocedural stroke/death rate was 7.1 % (4.8 % intracranial haemorrhage), and the 30-day stroke/death rate was 9.5 %. Thirty patients (81 %) had clinical follow-up at ≥ 6 months. During follow-up, 5 patients developed 6 ischemic events; 5 of them (17 %) were ipsilateral. The restenosis rate was 27 %, and the retreatment rate was 12 %. Conclusions: Our outcomes of the balloon angioplasty/stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis are better than those in the SAMMPRIS study and compare favourably with those in large registries and observational studies.

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