scholarly journals Effects of dietary retinoids and carotenoids on immune development

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Rühl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action

Carotenoids and retinoids are groups of nutritionally-relevant compounds present in many foods of plant origin (carotenoids) and animal origin (mainly retinoids). Their levels in human subjects vary depending on the diversity and amount of the individual's nutrient intake. Some carotenoids and retinoids have been investigated for their effects on the immune system bothin vitroandin vivo. It has been shown that retinoids have the potential to mediate or induce proliferative and differentiating effects on several immune-competent cells, and various carotenoids are known to be inducers of immune function. The immune-modulating effects of retinoids have been well documented, while the effects of carotenoids on the immune system have not been investigated as extensively, because little is known about their molecular mechanism of action. The present review will mainly focus on the molecular mechanism of action of retinoids and particularly carotenoids, their nutritional origin and intake, their transfer from the maternal diet to the child and their effects or potential effects on the developing immune system.

scholarly journals BmTudor-sn Is a Binding Protein of Destruxin A in Silkworm Bm12 Cells

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Weina Hu ◽  
Qiongbo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Affinity Interaction ◽  
Cellular Thermal Shift Assay

Destruxin A (DA), a hexa-cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, was reported to have an insecticidal effect and anti-immunity activity. However, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. Previously, we isolated several potential DA-affinity (binding) proteins in the Bombyx mori Bm12 cell line. By docking score using MOE2015, we selected three proteins—BmTudor-sn, BmPiwi, and BmAGO2—for further validation. First, using Bio-Layer Interferometry in vitro, we found that BmTudor-sn had an affinity interaction with DA at 125, 250, and 500 µM, while BmPiwi and BmAGO2 had no interaction signal with DA. Second, we employed standard immunoblotting to verify that BmTudor-sn is susceptible to DA, but BmPiwi and BmAGO2 are not. Third, to verify these findings in vivo, we used a target engagement strategy based on shifts in protein thermal stability following ligand binding termed the cellular thermal shift assay and found no thermal stability shift in BmPiwi and BmAGO2, whereas a shift was found for BmTudor-sn. In addition, in BmTudor-sn knockdown Bm12 cells, we observed that cell viability increased under DA treatment. Furthermore, insect two-hybrid system results indicated that the key site involved in DA binding to BmTudor-sn was Leu704. In conclusion, in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence indicated that BmTudor-sn is a binding protein of DA in silkworm Bm12 cells at the 100 µM level, and the key site of this interaction is Leu704. Our results provide new perspectives to aid in elucidating the molecular mechanism of action of DA in insects and developing new biopesticide.

An anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of action of α-mangostin, the major xanthone from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana: an in silico, in vitro and in vivo approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3860-3871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syam Mohan ◽  
Suvitha Syam ◽  
Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ◽  
Neelaveni Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

α-Mangostin (αMN) is a xanthone present in the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana Linn.

Immunocytochemical Analysis of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages Treated with “Poly-Plat”, an in Vitro and in Vivo Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1122-1123
Author(s):  
H. J. Muenchen ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Immunocytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Peritoneal Macrophages

Poly-[(trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinumj-carboxyamylose (“poly-plat“) is a second generation analog of cisplatin which enhances the immune system with greater efficacy in vitro and in vivo “Poly-plat” contains 1/5 the platinum of CDDP and demonstrates less toxicity. In order to understand the mechanism of action of this compound an in vitro and in vivo study was performed. Swiss Webster mice and isolated murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with “poly-plat” (10 mg/kg). The Swiss Webster mice were given bolus injections and sacrificed at 2 and 12 days. Peritoneal macrophages were then isolated and allowed to incubate in culture for 24 h. Peritoneal macrophages were also isolated from normal mice and treated with the drugs for 2 h. After treatments the macrophages were placed in fresh media and allowed to incubate 24 h. Supematants were isolated at various times during culture for immunocytochemical analysis.Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed enhanced immunostimulation after their respective treatments.

Erratum to “Molecular mechanism of action of oxazolinoanthracyclines in cells derived from human solid tumors. Part 2” [Toxicol. in Vitro 46 (2018) 323–334]

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 350-352
Author(s):  
Marta Denel-Bobrowska ◽  
Małgorzata Łukawska ◽  
Barbara Bukowska ◽  
Arkadiusz Gajek ◽  
Irena Oszczapowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
In Cells

scholarly journals Vegetable-derived isothiocyanates: anti-proliferative activity and mechanism of action

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuesheng Zhang ◽  
Song Yao ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Many isothiocyanates (ITC), which are available to human subjects mainly through consumption of cruciferous vegetables, demonstrate strong cancer-preventive activity in animal models. Human studies also show an inverse association between consumption of ITC and risk of cancer in several organs. Whereas earlier studies primarily focused on the ability of ITC to inhibit carcinogen-activating enzymes and induce carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes, more recent investigations have shown that ITC inhibit the proliferation of tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle progression. ITC cause acute cellular stress, which may be the initiating event for these effects. These findings shed new light on the mechanism of action of ITC and indicate that ITC may be useful both as cancer-preventive and therapeutic agents. ITC activate caspase 9-mediated apoptosis, apparently resulting from mitochondrial damage, and also activate caspase 8, but the mechanism remains to be defined. Cell cycle arrest caused by ITC occurs mainly in the G2/M phase, and both the G2 and M phases are targetted; critical G2-phase regulators, including cyclin B1, cell division cycle (Cdc) 2 and Cdc25C, are down regulated or inhibited, and tubulin polymerization and spindle assembly are disrupted. Moreover, ITC are metabolized in vivo through the mercapturic acid pathway, giving rise to thiol conjugates (dithiocarbamates). Studies show that these dithiocarbamates are similar to their parent ITC in exerting anti-proliferative activity. Taken together, dietary ITC are highly-promising anti-cancer agents, capable of targetting multiple cellular components that are important for tumour cell survival and proliferation.

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