scholarly journals Body composition, water turnover and energy turnover assessment with labelled water

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Daily Energy

Our understanding of human energy metabolism has benefited greatly from the application of water labelled with 2H and 18O for the measurement of total body water, water turnover and total daily energy expenditure. Applications include validation of techniques for the assessment of dietary intake and physical activity, assessment of water and energy requirement and the assessment of the effect of dietary and physical activity interventions, including its use with endurance athletes competing at the highest level. Critical aspects of the application are isotope dose preparation, sample collection, sample analysis and the calculation procedure. The labelled-water method can easily be applied in normal living conditions, including exercise, and in the clinical setting. However, sample analysis requires a sophisticated laboratory with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer and a sample preparation system. Examples of insights based on labelled-water studies are: (1) self-reported dietary intakes often underestimate energy requirements; (2) subjects have problems maintaining energy balance when daily energy expenditure exceeds 2.5 times resting energy expenditure. Devices for the assessment of physical activity validated using labelled water allow the study of activity patterns and strategies to influence the activity level of a sedentary society.

scholarly journals Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

Gender differences in energy expended during activities and in daily energy expenditure of elderly people

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. E321-E327 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morio ◽  
B. Beaufrere ◽  
C. Montaurier ◽  
E. Verdier ◽  
P. Ritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy

Gender effects on energy expended during light seated activities, walking, cycling, and sleep and their consequences on daily energy expenditure (EE) were examined in 11 men and 15 women aged 66.4 +/- 7.1 yr. Two open-circuit whole body calorimeters were used for EE measurements, except for cycling, during which EE was measured separately with the use of a face mask. Lean body mass (determined using H218O dilution method), fat mass, usual physical activity level, and activity intensity (e.g., walking speed and cycling power output) were taken as covariates in the analysis of EE variations before studying gender effects. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and daily EE, adjusted for differences in all covariates, were 11.2 (P = 0.005) and 8.7% (P = 0.071) lower in women than in men, respectively. No gender-related differences were found in the various physical activity EEs above SMR (e.g., gross EE-SMR) [light seated activities (P = 0.790), walking (P = 0.263), and cycling (P = 0.287)] and daily physical activity EE above SMR (P = 0.587) after adjustment for differences in all covariates. Therefore, the lower adjusted daily EE of women could be related to their lower SMR, the most reliable criterion of whole body metabolic rate.

Flux hydriques et métabolisme énergétique dans un peuplement de Lacertidés des îles Kerkennah (Tunisie)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Vernet ◽  
Claude Grenot ◽  
Saïd Nouira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Active Forager

Water flux and daily energy expenditure were measured with doubly labeled water (3HH18O) in two insectivorous sympatric species of Lacertidae of Kerkennah islands (Tunisia), Eremias olivieri (mean body mass: 1.1 g) and Acanthodactylus pardalis (4.5 g) in a semiarid environment. Water turnover and field metabolic rate of Eremias olivieri (174 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 250 J g−1 d−1) were, respectively, 2.5 and 5 times higher than those of Acanthodactylus pardalis (70 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 52 J g−1 d−1). The water turnover of Eremias olivieri is one of the highest known among insectivorous lizards, and the daily energy expenditure of Acanthodactylus pardalis one of the lowest. The most plausible explanations are the differences in the size of the prey eaten by each species at this time of the season and in the duration of daily activity; the daily activity of Acanthodactylus pardalis is short (4.5 h d−1) although it is a sit-and-wait predator, whereas Eremias olivieri is active regularly every day for a longer period (7.5 h d−1) although it is an active forager. The high values of water turnover in Eremias olivieri suggest that food is not the only source of water for lizards in this particular insular environment.

scholarly journals Increases in Physical Activity Result in Diminishing Increments in Daily Energy Expenditure in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. O’Neal ◽  
Danielle M. Friend ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
Kevin D. Hall ◽  
Alexxai V. Kravitz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy

Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Esparza ◽  
C Fox ◽  
IT Harper ◽  
PH Bennett ◽  
LO Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Possible Cause
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