scholarly journals Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

Gender differences in energy expended during activities and in daily energy expenditure of elderly people

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. E321-E327 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morio ◽  
B. Beaufrere ◽  
C. Montaurier ◽  
E. Verdier ◽  
P. Ritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy

Gender effects on energy expended during light seated activities, walking, cycling, and sleep and their consequences on daily energy expenditure (EE) were examined in 11 men and 15 women aged 66.4 +/- 7.1 yr. Two open-circuit whole body calorimeters were used for EE measurements, except for cycling, during which EE was measured separately with the use of a face mask. Lean body mass (determined using H218O dilution method), fat mass, usual physical activity level, and activity intensity (e.g., walking speed and cycling power output) were taken as covariates in the analysis of EE variations before studying gender effects. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and daily EE, adjusted for differences in all covariates, were 11.2 (P = 0.005) and 8.7% (P = 0.071) lower in women than in men, respectively. No gender-related differences were found in the various physical activity EEs above SMR (e.g., gross EE-SMR) [light seated activities (P = 0.790), walking (P = 0.263), and cycling (P = 0.287)] and daily physical activity EE above SMR (P = 0.587) after adjustment for differences in all covariates. Therefore, the lower adjusted daily EE of women could be related to their lower SMR, the most reliable criterion of whole body metabolic rate.

scholarly journals Body composition, water turnover and energy turnover assessment with labelled water

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Daily Energy

Our understanding of human energy metabolism has benefited greatly from the application of water labelled with 2H and 18O for the measurement of total body water, water turnover and total daily energy expenditure. Applications include validation of techniques for the assessment of dietary intake and physical activity, assessment of water and energy requirement and the assessment of the effect of dietary and physical activity interventions, including its use with endurance athletes competing at the highest level. Critical aspects of the application are isotope dose preparation, sample collection, sample analysis and the calculation procedure. The labelled-water method can easily be applied in normal living conditions, including exercise, and in the clinical setting. However, sample analysis requires a sophisticated laboratory with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer and a sample preparation system. Examples of insights based on labelled-water studies are: (1) self-reported dietary intakes often underestimate energy requirements; (2) subjects have problems maintaining energy balance when daily energy expenditure exceeds 2.5 times resting energy expenditure. Devices for the assessment of physical activity validated using labelled water allow the study of activity patterns and strategies to influence the activity level of a sedentary society.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE ASSESSED BY ACCELEROMETRY IN 60Y+ BRAZILIAN SUBJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio dos Anjos ◽  
Bruna de Andrade Messias da Silva ◽  
Vivian Wahrlich
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Physical Activity Programs ◽  
Sedentary Activities ◽  
Activity Recommendations

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the physical activity level (PAL) and the total daily energy expenditure (EE-TDEE) in a sample of ≥60y subjects from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of 88 subjects recruited from recreational physical activity programs wore an accelerometer around the waist for seven consecutive days for at least 10h/day. Minute-by-minute EE was estimated from the counts per minute (CPM) data, and the daily sum yielded the TDEE. PAL (TDEE/BMR) with BMR calculated with the FAO/WHO predictive equation and a population-specific equation. Body composition was assessed by DXA. Results: Mean age (SD) was 69.2 (5.8) years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 36.4 and 25.0%, respectively, and excess body fat was 39.8%. The subjects spent 600min/day engaged in sedentary activities (CPM<100). Men engaged in 30min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (CPM≥1,952) daily, on average. The subjects were active on 34.5 and 18.0% of the weekdays and weekend days with a 1,400 steps/day difference between these days. TDEE was 1,731.5 (348.7) and 1,356.3 (223.7) kcal/day depending on the BMR prediction equation used. Mean PAL was lower than the maintenance level. Conclusions: The high prevalence of sedentary activities and the low percentage of subjects who met the physical activity recommendations indicate that physical activity programs must be adjusted so that the enrolled subjects can meet the physical activity recommendations, preferably with the activities objectively monitored. Population-specific equations improve the final estimation of TDEE and PAL. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

Total Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Measured with the Bicarbonate-Urea Method in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. J. Paton ◽  
M. Elia ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
G. Jennings ◽  
D. C. MacAllan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Urea Method ◽  
Resting Energy

1. Our objectives were to measure total energy expenditure, the daily variation in total energy expenditure and the physical activity level in a group of HIV-positive subjects using the bicarbonate-urea method. The study also aimed to assess the practicalities of using the bicarbonate-urea technique in free-living conditions. 2. Total energy expenditure was measured with the bicarbonate-urea method over 2 consecutive days (1 day in one subject) in 10 male patients with HIV infection (median CD4 count = 30). Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Physical activity level (total energy expenditure/resting energy expenditure) was calculated from these measurements and from activity diaries. 3. Resting energy expenditure was found to be 7.46 ± 0.87 MJ/day, 5% higher than predicted values. Total energy expenditure was 10.69 ± 1.95 MJ/day with an intra-individual day-to-day variation of 6 ± 6%. The measured physical activity level was 1.42 ± 0.14, higher than the diary estimate of 1.34 ± 0.16 (P = 0.029), and there were large inter-method differences in individual values. The subcutaneous infusion of bicarbonate was well tolerated and did not seem to restrict normal activities. 4. Total energy expenditure was not elevated in the group of HIV-positive subjects when compared with reference values for normal subjects. The physical activity level of the patients in this study was lower than that measured using other techniques in healthy young men, but was compatible with that expected for people leading a sedentary lifestyle. Reductions in physical activity in patients with HIV are likely to contribute to the wasting process and physical activity level may thus be a clinically useful measure. This study has also provided the first tracer estimate of the day-to-day variation in total energy expenditure. The bicarbonate-urea method represents an important new investigative tool for measuring total energy expenditure which has previously only been possible within the confines of a whole-body calorimeter or using the expensive doubly labelled water method.

scholarly journals Increases in Physical Activity Result in Diminishing Increments in Daily Energy Expenditure in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. O’Neal ◽  
Danielle M. Friend ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
Kevin D. Hall ◽  
Alexxai V. Kravitz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy
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