Red List assessment of widespread and long-lived species

Abstract The use of criterion A of the IUCN Red List to categorize species as threatened that have undergone recent decline can lead to the listing of relatively common and widespread species. Loss of habitat through deforestation is a common cause of decline throughout much of the world but is often not incorporated into assessments because of uncertainty about the magnitude of change. A recent assessment of eucalypt species in Australia subject to deforestation provides a method for assessment under criterion A and has implications for listing of long-lived, widespread species affected by deforestation. Scenarios for two widespread eucalypt species subject to extensive deforestation are used to demonstrate how the threat status of a species may be recategorized in a lower threat category as declines resulting from a threatening process are mitigated. I argue that criterion A indicates an appropriate assessment of extinction risk and I provide a simple function based on predicted diminishment of the population decline to identify when a species could be disqualified from a threat category under subcriterion A2 (past decline).

The dynamics underlying avian extinction trajectories forecast a wave of extinctions

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2019.0633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 20190633 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Melanie J. Monroe ◽

Stuart H. M. Butchart ◽

Arne O. Mooers ◽

Folmer Bokma

Keyword(s):

Extinction Risk ◽

Population Decline ◽

Bird Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Extinction Rate ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

Extinction Rates ◽

Historical Times ◽

Risk Categories

Population decline is a process, yet estimates of current extinction rates often consider just the final step of that process by counting numbers of species lost in historical times. This neglects the increased extinction risk that affects a large proportion of species, and consequently underestimates the effective extinction rate. Here, we model observed trajectories through IUCN Red List extinction risk categories for all bird species globally over 28 years, and estimate an overall effective extinction rate of 2.17 × 10 −4 /species/year. This is six times higher than the rate of outright extinction since 1500, as a consequence of the large number of species whose status is deteriorating. We very conservatively estimate that global conservation efforts have reduced the effective extinction rate by 40%, but mostly through preventing critically endangered species from going extinct rather than by preventing species at low risk from moving into higher-risk categories. Our findings suggest that extinction risk in birds is accumulating much more than previously appreciated, but would be even greater without conservation efforts.

Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders III: Oecobiidae to Salticidae

10.3897/bdj.6.e27004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sini Seppälä ◽

Sérgio Henriques ◽

Michael Draney ◽

Stefan Foord ◽

Alastair Gibbons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sample ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Information Source ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Entire Group ◽

Global Database ◽

The Family ◽

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the third in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognized species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level, and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 58 species belonging to the famillies alphabetically arranged between Oecobiidae and Salticidae, which encompassed Oecobiidae, Oonopidae, Orsolobidae, Oxyopidae, Palpimanidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Pisauridae, Prodidomidae and Salticidae.

Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2004.1583 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 360 (1454) ◽

pp. 255-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 156

Author(s):

S.H.M Butchart ◽

A.J Stattersfield ◽

J Baillie ◽

L.A Bennun ◽

S.N Stuart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extinction Risk ◽

Relative Rate ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

World Conservation ◽

Threat Status ◽

2010 Target ◽

Stratified Sample ◽

Objective System ◽

Taxonomic Groups

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List is widely recognized as the most authoritative and objective system for classifying species by their risk of extinction. Red List Indices (RLIs) illustrate the relative rate at which a particular set of species change in overall threat status (i.e. projected relative extinction-risk), based on population and range size and trends as quantified by Red List categories. RLIs can be calculated for any representative set of species that has been fully assessed at least twice. They are based on the number of species in each Red List category, and the number changing categories between assessments as a result of genuine improvement or deterioration in status. RLIs show a fairly coarse level of resolution, but for fully assessed taxonomic groups they are highly representative, being based on information from a high proportion of species worldwide. The RLI for the world's birds shows that that their overall threat status has deteriorated steadily during the years 1988–2004 in all biogeographic realms and ecosystems. A preliminary RLI for amphibians for 1980–2004 shows similar rates of decline. RLIs are in development for other groups. In addition, a sampled index is being developed, based on a stratified sample of species from all major taxonomic groups, realms and ecosystems. This will provide extinction-risk trends that are more representative of all biodiversity.

Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders I: Agelenidae to Filistatidae

10.3897/bdj.6.e23555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e23555 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sini Seppälä ◽

Sérgio Henriques ◽

Michael Draney ◽

Stefan Foord ◽

Alastair Gibbons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sample ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Information Source ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Entire Group ◽

Global Database ◽

The Family ◽

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). With the current contribution and the three following papers, we intend to create the first point in time of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 46 species belonging to the famillies alphabetically arranged between Agelenidae and Filistatidae, which encompassed Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Anyphaenidae, Araneidae, Archaeidae, Barychelidae, Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Ctenidae, Ctenizidae, Cyatholipidae, Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae and Filistatidae.

Biological Correlates of Extinction Risk in Resident Philippine Avifauna

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.664764 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Kyle D. Kittelberger ◽

Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg ◽

J. David Blount ◽

Mary Rose C. Posa ◽

John McLaughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Habitat Degradation ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Strong Support ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

The Philippines ◽

Red List ◽

Forest Dependency ◽

Threat Status

The majority of the world’s biodiversity occurs in the tropics, but human actions in these regions have precipitated an extinction crisis due to habitat degradation, overexploitation, and climate change. Understanding which ecological, biogeographical, and life-history traits predict extinction risk is critical for conserving species. The Philippines is a hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, but it is a region that also suffers from an extremely high level of deforestation, habitat degradation, and wildlife exploitation. We investigated the biological correlates of extinction risk based on the IUCN Red List threat status among resident Philippine birds using a broad range of ecological, biogeographical, and life history traits previously identified as correlates of extinction risk in birds. We found strong support across competing models for endemism, narrower elevational ranges, high forest dependency, and larger body size as correlates significantly associated with extinction risk. Additionally, we compared observed threat status with threat status fitted by our model, finding fourteen species that are not currently recognized by the IUCN Red List as threatened that may be more threatened than currently believed and therefore warrant heightened conservation focus, and predicted threat statuses for the four Philippine Data Deficient bird species. We also assessed species described in recent taxonomic splits that are recognized by BirdLife International, finding 12 species that have a fitted threat status more severe than their IUCN-designated ones. Our findings provide a framework for avian conservation efforts to identify birds with specific biological correlates that increase a species’ vulnerability to extinction both in the Philippine Archipelago and elsewhere on other tropical islands.

JARA: ‘Just Another Red-List Assessment’

10.1101/672899 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henning Winker ◽

Nathan Pacoureau ◽

Richard B. Sherley

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

R Package ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Support Tool ◽

Criterion A ◽

Abundance Data ◽

Abundance Indices

AbstractIdentifying species at risk of extinction is necessary to prioritise conservation efforts. The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is the global standard for quantifying extinction risk, with many species categorised according to population reduction thresholds. We introduce the Bayesian state-space framework ‘JARA’ (Just Another Red-List Assessment). Designed as decision-support tool, JARA allows both process error and uncertainty to be incorporated into IUCN Red List assessments under criterion A. JARA is implemented via an R package that is designed to be easy to use, rapid and widely applicable, so conservation practitioners can apply it to their own count or relative abundance data. JARA outputs display easy to interpret graphics of the posterior probability of the population trend against the corresponding IUCN Red List categories, as well as additional graphics to describe the timeseries and model diagnostics. We illustrate JARA using three real-world examples: (1) relative abundance indices for two elasmobranchs, Yellowspotted SkateLeucoraja wallaceiand Whitespot SmoothhoundMustelus palumbes; (2) a comparison of standardized abundance indices for Atlantic Blue MarlinMakaira nigricansand (3) absolute abundance data for Cape GannetsMorus capensis. Finally, using a simulation experiment, we demonstrate how JARA provides greater accuracy than two approaches commonly used to assigning a Red List Status under criterion A. Tools like JARA can help further standardise Red List evaluations, increasing objectivity and lowering the risk of misclassification, with substantial benefits for global conservation efforts.

Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders IV: Scytodidae to Zoropsidae

10.3897/bdj.6.e30842 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sini Seppälä ◽

Sérgio Henriques ◽

Michael Draney ◽

Stefan Foord ◽

Alastair Gibbons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sample ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Information Source ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Entire Group ◽

Global Database ◽

The Family ◽

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the final in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The selected species were classified taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 50 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between Scytodidae and Zoropsidae, which encompassed Scytodidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Sparassidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Thomisidae, Trochanteriidae, Zodariidae and Zoropsidae.

Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders II: Gnaphosidae to Nemesiidae

10.3897/bdj.6.e26203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e26203 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sini Seppälä ◽

Sérgio Henriques ◽

Michael Draney ◽

Stefan Foord ◽

Alastair Gibbons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sample ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Information Source ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Entire Group ◽

Global Database ◽

The Family ◽

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the second in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 45 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between Gnaphosidae and Nemesiidae, which encompassed Gnaphosidae, Idiopidae, Linyphiidae, Liocranidae, Lycosidae, Micropholcommatidae, Mysmenidae and Nemesiidae.

Conservation Status of Marine Biodiversity in Oceania: An Analysis of Marine Species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Journal of Marine Biology ◽

10.1155/2011/247030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Beth A. Polidoro ◽

Cristiane T. Elfes ◽

Jonnell C. Sanciangco ◽

Helen Pippard ◽

Kent E. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Threatened Species ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Marine Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

Conservation Action

Given the economic and cultural dependence on the marine environment in Oceania and a rapidly expanding human population, many marine species populations are in decline and may be vulnerable to extinction from a number of local and regional threats. IUCN Red List assessments, a widely used system for quantifying threats to species and assessing species extinction risk, have been completed for 1190 marine species in Oceania to date, including all known species of corals, mangroves, seagrasses, sea snakes, marine mammals, sea birds, sea turtles, sharks, and rays present in Oceania, plus all species in five important perciform fish groups. Many of the species in these groups are threatened by the modification or destruction of coastal habitats, overfishing from direct or indirect exploitation, pollution, and other ecological or environmental changes associated with climate change. Spatial analyses of threatened species highlight priority areas for both site- and species-specific conservation action. Although increased knowledge and use of newly available IUCN Red List assessments for marine species can greatly improve conservation priorities for marine species in Oceania, many important fish groups are still in urgent need of assessment.

Increasing accuracy: The advantage of using open access species occurrence database in the Red List assessment

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Iyan Robiansyah ◽

Wita Wardani

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Extent Of Occurrence ◽

Area Of Occupancy

Abstract. Robiansyah I, Wardani W. 2020. Increasing accuracy: The advantage of using open access species occurrence database in the Red List assessment. Biodiversitas 21: 3658-3664. IUCN Red List is the most widely used instrument to assess and advise the extinction risk of a species. One of the criteria used in IUCN Red List is geographical range of the species assessed (criterion B) in the form of extent of occurrence (EOO) and/or area of occupancy (AOO). While this criterion is presumed to be the easiest to be completed as it is based mainly on species occurrence data, there are some assessments that failed to maximize freely available databases. Here, we reassessed the conservation status of Cibotium arachnoideum, a tree fern distributed in Sumatra and Borneo. This species was previously assessed by Praptosuwiryo (2020, Biodiversitas 21 (4): 1379-1384) which classified the species as Endangered (EN) under criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii); C2a(ii). Using additional data from herbarium specimens recorded in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) website and from peer-reviewed scientific papers, in the present paper we show that C. arachnoideum has a larger extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO), more locations and different conservation status compared to those in Praptosuwiryo (2020). Our results are supported by the predicted suitable habitat map of C. arachnoideum produced by MaxEnt modelling method. Based on our assessment, we propose the category of Vulnerable (VU) C2a(i) as the global conservation status for C. arachnoideum. Our study implies the advantage of using open access databases to increase the accuracy of extinction risk assessment under the IUCN Red List criteria in regions like Indonesia, where adequate taxonomical information is not always readily available.