Note on host-parasite relationships observed in fluke infections of wild aquatic birds

Parasitology ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Pande ◽  
S. S. Ahluwalia ◽  
J. S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wild Birds ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
House Crow ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Trematode Parasites

The last twenty-five years have witnessed an increasing output of significant work in this country on the trematode parasites of a number of wild birds, including aquatic species. These studies, which are mostly faunistic, and can be said to have commenced in 1926, when Bhalerao (1926) described from Burma (then a province of India) the flukes of the house crow, deal primarily with a large number of representative species of nearly twenty families of Digenea. Of these families, species assignable to the Clinostomidae Lühe, 1901, the Cyathocotylidae Poche, 1926, the Cyclocoelidae Kossack, 1911, the Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886, the Echinostomatidae Poche, 1926, the Notocotylidae Lühe, 1909, the Opisthorchiidae Braun, 1901, and the Strigeidae Railliet, 1919, were encountered in a survey conducted to assess the nature of helminthic infections in wild aquatic birds of the Mathura area.

Checklist of the cestode parasites of wild birds of Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Drago ◽  
M. Dueñas Díaz ◽  
R. Draghi ◽  
V. Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Abstract An annotated checklist of the cestode parasites of Argentinean wild birds is presented, as the result of a compilation of parasitological papers published between 1900 and April 2021. This review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution, sites of infection, location of material deposited in helminthological collections, references and taxonomic comments. A host/parasite list is also provided. During this period, 38 papers were published that gather information about 34 cestode nominal species and 11 taxa identified at generic level, belonging to three orders, ten families and 35 genera. The highest number of cestode taxa was recorded in the family Hymenolepididae, with 12 nominal species and two taxa identified at generic level, followed by Dilepididae, with eight nominal species and three taxa identified at generic level. Of the 1042 species of birds reported in Argentina, only 29 (2.8%) were reported as hosts of adult cestodes. The families of birds with the highest number of reported taxa were Laridae and Anatidae, with 20 and 14 taxa, respectively.

The Nematode and Acanthocephalan Parasites of the Sheathbill, Chionis alba (Gmelin), at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands and a summary of host parasite relationships in the Sheathbill

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Jones ◽  
I. C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Orkney Islands ◽  
British Antarctic Survey ◽  
Signy Island ◽  
South Orkney Islands ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Trematode Parasites

We have previously reported on the cestode and trematode parasites of the Sheathbill at Signy Island (Jones & Williams 1967, 1968, 1969) and conclude with an account of the nematodes and Acanthocephala. Our previous reports were based on specimens obtained from 13 Sheathbills collected at Signy Island in July and October, 1965 by Mr. Charles Howie, British Antarctic Survey. In addition to these we have examined a further 12 Sheathbills taken at Signy Island in March, 1967. We are greatly indebted to Mr. E. A. Smith, Senior Biologist, British Antarctic Survey, for arranging the collection and transport of the latter material.

Effects of submergence on cardiac cycle and rate in aquatic and terrestrial birds

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Bond ◽  
Steven D. Douglas ◽  
Perry W. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Cardiac Rate ◽  
Vascular Control ◽  
Diving Ducks

Electrocardiograms were recorded for various aquatic and terrestrial birds with heads submerged and then returned to air. Instantaneous cardiac rates were calculated and P-R and Q-T intervals were measured at selected times. Bradycardia developed in all birds during submergence, but was most pronounced and longest sustained in aquatic birds. Upon emergence, aquatic birds and pigeons developed instantly a compensatory tachycardia; cardiac rate in the others gradually returned to the presubmergence level. In the first 15 seconds of submersion, P-R and Q-T intervals remained constant in all birds except pheasants, but in ducks undergoing prolonged submergence the Q-T interval increased significantly. This Q-T interval increase lagged approximately 60 seconds behind the onset of bradycardia. Diving ducks were like dabblers, supporting further the hypothesis that differences in their underwater activity cannot be explained by vascular differences. These observations on minimally restrained wild birds are consistent with the hypothesis of a differential vascular control of oxygen during diving. For underwater activity, aquatic birds utilize mechanisms appearing to some extent in all birds.

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from wild birds in Senegal, with descriptions of three new species of the genera Brueelia and Philopteroides

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Najer ◽  
Oldřich Sychra ◽  
Ivan Literák ◽  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Miroslav Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
New Host ◽  
Chewing Lice ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractA total of 170 wild birds from Senegal, belonging to 48 species and 9 orders, were searched for lice in 2005 and 2007. Chewing lice were found on 58 birds of 18 species and 5 orders (Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Coraciiformes, Galliformes and Passeriformes). Twenty-two species of chewing lice of 13 genera were determined. Other nine samples of chewing lice that represent a new host-parasite association were determined at generic level only, because only one sex or nymph of these lice were found. Our records represent the first louse records from passerines Camaroptera brachyura (Cisticolidae), Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Corvinella corvina (Laniidae), Laniarius barbarus (Malaconotidae), Prinia erythroptera (Cisticolidae) and Turdus pelios (Turdidae). Descriptions and illustrations are given for Brueelia chalcomitrae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Brueelia priniae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Prinia subflava (Cisticolidae), and Philopteroides terpsiphoni Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Terpsiphone viridis (Monarchidae).

Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in Wild Birds in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
da Cunha MJR ◽  
◽  
Santos ALQ ◽  
Silva MBO ◽  
dos Santos MC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in birds is relevant since these animals can act as disseminators of these parasites to humans through environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in wild birds in southeastern Brazil and genetically characterize the isolates obtained. Methods: A total of 256 fecal samples were collected from 172 captive and 84 free-living wild birds. The DNA extracted was subjected to nested-PCR and semi-nested PCR analysis for amplification of fragments of the 18S rDNA and gdh genes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., respectively. Results: With respect to Cryptosporidium spp., the overall occurrence was 3.91%. Of samples from captive wild birds, six (3.49%) were positive: two waterfowl and four non-aquatic birds. Among the samples from free-living wild birds, four (4.76%) were positive, all non-aquatic birds. Regarding Giardia spp., the overall occurrence was 3.1%. Of samples from captive wild birds, four (2.32%) were positive, all waterfowl; of the samples from free-living wild birds, four (4.76%) were positive for the parasite, all non-aquatic birds. Conclusions: The presence of C. meleagridis and G. duodenalis assemblage B suggests that epidemiological studies involving wild birds and humans are needed to better understand the impact of avian cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis on avian health and their possible implications for public health.

A Bird’s Eye View of Avian Disease Ecology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Owen ◽  
Dana M. Hawley ◽  
Kathryn P. Huyvaert
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Ecological Hierarchy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Abiotic Interactions ◽  
Avian Disease

Wild birds are a source of joy and fascination to people worldwide and unmatched in their capacity to connect people to nature. Yet, the fate of wild birds is being threatened by human activities that alter and destroy habitat, increase pollution, and contribute to global climate change. Pathogens and parasites pose another threat to birds—a threat that we are just beginning to uncover. The chapter explores avian disease ecology and the ways in which the avian host–parasite interaction is both influenced by and has consequences for every level of ecological hierarchy, from the physiology, behavior, and evolution of individual hosts to the complex biotic and abiotic interactions occurring within biological communities and ecosystems. In addition, these diverse parasite–bird interactions are increasingly occurring in rapidly changing global environments—their ecology is changing—and this shapes the complex ways by which parasites influence the interconnected health of birds, humans, and shared ecosystems.

The trematodes of groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae): knowledge, nature and evolution

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. CRIBB ◽  
R. A. BRAY ◽  
T. WRIGHT ◽  
S. PICHELIN
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Trematode Parasites

Groupers (Epinephelinae) are prominent marine fishes distributed in the warmer waters of the world. Review of the literature suggests that trematodes are known from only 62 of the 159 species and only 9 of 15 genera; nearly 90% of host–parasite combinations have been reported only once or twice. All 20 families and all but 7 of 76 genera of trematodes found in epinephelines also occur in non-epinephelines. Only 12 genera of trematodes are reported from both the Atlantic–Eastern Pacific and the Indo–West Pacific. Few (perhaps no) species are credibly cosmopolitan but some have wide distributions across the Indo–West Pacific. The hierarchical ‘relatedness’ of epinephelines as suggested by how they share trematode taxa (families, genera, species) shows little congruence with what is known of their phylogeny. The major determinant of relatedness appears to be geographical proximity. Together these attributes suggest that host-parasite co-evolution has contributed little to the evolution of trematode communities of epinephelines. Instead, they appear to have arisen through localized episodes of host-switching, presumably both into and out of the epinephelines. The Epinephelinae may well be typical of most groups of marine fishes both in the extent to which their trematode parasites are known and in that, apparently, co-evolution has contributed little to the evolution of their communities of trematodes.

scholarly journals Survey of External Parasites of Wild Birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Assam Assam
Keyword(s):  
Wild Bird ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Ploceus Cucullatus ◽  
Host Parasite

Aims: As wild birds interact with poultry the likelihood of exchange of external parasites between wild birds and poultry highlights the need to understand wild bird parasites so as to reduce cross infection at the wild bird-poultry interface. There is paucity of data on external parasites of wild birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of external parasites among wild birds in Kaduna State. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Kaduna State, Nigeria between March, and June 2012. Methodology: Wild birds were captured and examined for external parasites by visual and microscopic examination. The data were analyzed using Quantitative Parasitology software. Results: Of the 233 wild birds representing 56 species and 25 families examined, the ectoparasite prevalence was 10.7% (25/233). The ectoparasites identified were Menacanthus spp (0.9%), Amblyomma variegatum (0.9%), Argas persicus (3.4%), Gonides gigas (2.1%) and Rhipicephalus spp (2.6%). Streptopelia senegalensis and Chalcomitra senegalensis were infested with Amblyomma varigatum while Numida meleagris and Ploceus cucullatus had Rhipicephalus spp. Conclusion: This is the first report to the best of our knowledge of hard tick infestation of free flying birds in Kaduna State. This study establishes baseline data for future study of wild bird host-parasite interaction in Nigeria. There is need for more studies on external parasites of wild birds to understand their impact on the survival of wild bird species in Nigeria.

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