The distribution of larvae of Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi in the flight muscle fibres of Aedes aegypti and Mansonia uniformis

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn B. Beckett ◽  
W. W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis

1. The distribution of filarial larvae in the dorsoventral and dorsal-longitudinal muscle fibre groups was studied in serial sections of mosquitoes of a susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti infected with Brugia pahangi or subperiodic B. malayi and of wild-caught Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes containing the latter parasite.2. The experiments showed that more larvae were situated in the dorsal-longitudinal muscle than in the dorsoventral and that the difference in numbers was highly significant.

Histological changes in mosquito flight muscle fibres associated with parasitization by filarial larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn B. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Muscle Breakdown ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis ◽  
Significant Mortality

1. Serial sections were examined of thoraces of a selected strain of Aedes aegypti infected with either Brugia pahangi or subperiodic B. malayi and of wild-caught Mansonia uniformis infected with the latter parasite.2. A few badly damaged flight muscle fibres are seen in the early stages of infection but many more fibres are destroyed at the time when the mature filarial larvae leave the muscle and enter the haemocoel. In the intervening period, when the larvae are growing within the muscle fibres, only minor damage develops, affecting nuclei and/or mitochondria. The nature of such minor damage and the mechanism of complete muscle breakdown differs in the two species of mosquitoes.3. It was concluded that the muscle damage was sufficiently severe to explain the significant mortality often observed among experimentally infected mosquitoes at the time when the mature filarial larvae enter the haemocoel.I am very grateful to Dr W. W. Macdonald, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who supplied the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and who has given invaluable help and advice throughout this study. Mr Cheong Weng Hooi and his colleagues in Kuala Lumpur kindly supplied, and partly processed, the Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes. Miss M. A. Johnson assisted with the care of the A. aegypti colony and Mrs J. Oliver helped with some of the histological work.

The distribution of developing Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi larvae within the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of Aedes aegypti and Mansonia uniformis

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Evelyn B. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Fibre Bundles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis

1. The distribution of larvae within the dorsal longitudinal muscle fibre groups of A. aegypti infected with subperiodic B. malayi or B. pahangi and of M. uniformis infected with the former parasite was studied with the aid of serial sections.2. In all experiments the top bundles of fibres contained fewer parasites than either the middle or lowest bundles, but whereas most parasites were concentrated in the middle bundles in A. aegypti there was no significant difference in M. uniformis between the bottom and middle fibre bundles. The lowermost fibre was not the most heavily parasitized of the dorsal longitudinal group.3. Nothing is known of what determines whether or not a particular fibre becomes parasitized, but it was concluded that the distance between the fibre and the gut (from which the parasites emerge to travel to the muscle) is not the principal factor.I am very much indebted to Mr Cheong Weng Hooi and his colleagues for collecting and processing mosquitoes in Kuala Lumpur and to Mrs J. Oliver who finished the processing in Liverpool. I am grateful also to Dr W. W. Macdonald for his advice and help in all stages of this work and to Miss M. A. Johnson who assisted with the care of the A. aegypti colony and prepared the diagrams for this paper.

Flight muscle ultrastructure of susceptible and refractory mosquitoes parasitized by larvalBrugia pahangi

Parasitology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lehane ◽  
B. R. Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ultrastructural Change ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Muscle Ultrastructure ◽  
Aedes Togoi

On parasitization with larvalBrugia pahangithe infected flight muscle fibres of ‘resistant’Anopheles labranchiae atroparvusundergo the following ultrastructural changes. The fibres become almost totally devoid of glycogen, their sarcoplasmic reticulum becomes elongate and closely associated with muscle fibrils. These fibrils degenerate and vesicles appear both within the degenerate fibril and within elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Vesicles accumulate around the worm and degenerate to a uniform mass which eventually becomes melanized from its inner edge (next to the parasite) outwards.The infected flight muscle fibres of both ‘resistant’Aedes aegyptiand ‘susceptible’Aedes togoiare almost totally devoid of glycogen granules, but show no other ultrastructural change from the uninfected state.

scholarly journals Notes on Reconstruction of Muscle Fibre Orientation During the Development of the Teleost Brachydanio Rerio

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
A. van der Stelt ◽  
W. Mos ◽  
P.C. Diegenbach
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Bony Fishes

Since the description of a helicoidal pattern of muscle fibres in teleost fishes by Van der Stelt (1968), Alexander (1969) stated that there are two basic patterns. One is found in selachians and primitive bony fishes as Anguilla and Salmo, whereas it is also found in the caudal peduncles of teleosts, which are considered more advanced. More anteriad a quite different pattern is found, resembling the helicoidal pattern. The elucidation of this pattern was disclosed by both Van der Stelt (1968) and Alexander (1969) by reconstruction from horizontal, as well as vertical serial sections. Van Raamsdonk et al. (1974), in a study of the early development of the myomeres of Brachydanio rerio, observed a transition of a primary longitudinal course of muscle cells to a presumably helicoidal one in transverse sections of the embryo. As it is more easy to obtain and interpret a series of transverse sections, we have tried to devise a method of reconstruction of the muscle fibre course, starting from transverse sections. With some caution, the results of these studies on Brachydanio may be summarized as follows: 1. The embryo starts with a primordial, longitudinal muscle cell orientation. 2. In the young embryo the muscle cell orientation changes to a helicoidal one. 3. A further change in conformity with Alexander’s primitive pattern is found in later stages of development.

Influence of prehatch temperature on the development of muscle cellularity in posthatch Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nathanailides ◽  
N. C Stickland ◽  
O. Lopez-Albors
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Muscle Fibre Size ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Embryonic Myogenesis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Previous work has shown that higher incubation temperatures produce newly hatched salmon (Salmo salar) with fewer but larger muscle fibres than salmon incubated at colder temperatures. Our purpose was to study the effect of differing incubation temperatures on the development of muscle cellularity in posthatch salmon. Eggs from a single pair of Atlantic salmon were incubated at either the stream ambient temperature (fluctuating around 5 °C prehatch and gradually rising to around 10 °C posthatch) or at 11 °C. From each group, samples were taken at hatching, first feeding, and at 3 weeks after first feeding. During the period of exogenous feeding under study, the ambient group grew faster. The number of muscle fibres remained lower in the 11 °C fish but there was more muscle fibre hypertrophy in the ambient group so that the difference in muscle fibre size seen at hatching was eliminated by 3 weeks after first feeding. It is suggested that reduced number of nuclei in the 11 °C fish at hatching may contribute to the relatively reduced fibre hypertrophy in these fish. The results indicate that embryonic myogenesis can affect the posthatch growth of salmon at least up to 3 weeks after first feeding.

The ultrastructure of two types of muscle fibre cells in the cyprid of Balanus amphitrite (Crustacea: Cirripedia)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas C. Lagersson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Swimming Behaviour ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Balanus Amphitrite ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
The Difference

This study examined two types of muscle fibre, associated with entirely different tasks in the cyprid of Balanus amphitrite (Crustacea: Cirripedia), and detected a striking difference. The first fibre type is found in the antennulary system, which is used for selecting the most suitable substrate for continuance of the cirripede life cycle. The second fibre type is associated with the stereotyped swimming behaviour of the cyprid. The antennulary fibres have the characteristics of ‘slow’ fibres, whereas the thoracic fibres display the properties of ‘fast’ muscle fibres. The difference between the thoracic and antennulary muscles emphasizes the specialized morphology of the cirripede cyprid linked to their unique role in settlement.

scholarly journals Neural interactions controlling timing of flight muscle activity in Drosophila

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Koenig ◽  
K. Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Relationship

Simultaneous intracellular recordings were made from the six ipsilateral dorsal longitudinal muscle fibres of Drosophila in stationary flight. The influence of the firing of one motor unit upon the firing of another was analysed by observing the relationship between the interspike interval of a unit and the relative firing times of the other motor units within that interval. The analysis suggests that the influence is insignificant except when one unit would have fired soon after another. Then, a neural interaction occurs that can cause a unit to fire either earlier or later, depending on its firing relationship with the other units. Thus, the observation that no DLM fibre fires soon after another is the result of both a delaying effect and an effect which causes a cell to fire earlier than it normally would have fired.

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