scholarly journals Notes on Reconstruction of Muscle Fibre Orientation During the Development of the Teleost Brachydanio Rerio

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
A. van der Stelt ◽  
W. Mos ◽  
P.C. Diegenbach
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Bony Fishes

Since the description of a helicoidal pattern of muscle fibres in teleost fishes by Van der Stelt (1968), Alexander (1969) stated that there are two basic patterns. One is found in selachians and primitive bony fishes as Anguilla and Salmo, whereas it is also found in the caudal peduncles of teleosts, which are considered more advanced. More anteriad a quite different pattern is found, resembling the helicoidal pattern. The elucidation of this pattern was disclosed by both Van der Stelt (1968) and Alexander (1969) by reconstruction from horizontal, as well as vertical serial sections. Van Raamsdonk et al. (1974), in a study of the early development of the myomeres of Brachydanio rerio, observed a transition of a primary longitudinal course of muscle cells to a presumably helicoidal one in transverse sections of the embryo. As it is more easy to obtain and interpret a series of transverse sections, we have tried to devise a method of reconstruction of the muscle fibre course, starting from transverse sections. With some caution, the results of these studies on Brachydanio may be summarized as follows: 1. The embryo starts with a primordial, longitudinal muscle cell orientation. 2. In the young embryo the muscle cell orientation changes to a helicoidal one. 3. A further change in conformity with Alexander’s primitive pattern is found in later stages of development.

The distribution of larvae of Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi in the flight muscle fibres of Aedes aegypti and Mansonia uniformis

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn B. Beckett ◽  
W. W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis

1. The distribution of filarial larvae in the dorsoventral and dorsal-longitudinal muscle fibre groups was studied in serial sections of mosquitoes of a susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti infected with Brugia pahangi or subperiodic B. malayi and of wild-caught Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes containing the latter parasite.2. The experiments showed that more larvae were situated in the dorsal-longitudinal muscle than in the dorsoventral and that the difference in numbers was highly significant.

Analysis of the development of the nervous system of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Judith Shulman Weis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Solid Structure ◽  
Derivatives Of

In teleost fishes, unlike many other vertebrates, the spinal cord originates as a solid structure, the neural keel, which subsequently hollows out. Unlike vertebrates in which the neural tube is formed from neural folds, and where the neural crest arises from wedge-shaped masses of tissue connecting the neural tube to the general ectoderm, teleosts do not possess a clear morphological neural crest. Initially, the dorsal surface of the keel is broadly attached to the ectoderm as described by Shepard (1961). As the neural primordia become larger and more discrete, the region of attachment narrows, and cells become loose (the ‘loose crest stage’). These cells represent the neural crest. Subsequently they begin to migrate and to differentiate into the various derivatives of neural crest. Both sensory and sympathetic neurons arise from neural crest. At the time of their migration the cells are not morphologically distinguishable.

scholarly journals THE CAPILLARY PATTERN IN HUMAN MASSETER MUSCLE DURING AGEING

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Cvetko ◽  
Jiří Janáček ◽  
Lucie Kubínová ◽  
Ida Eržen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Novel Approach

The effect of ageing on the capillary network in skeletal muscles has produced conflicting results in both, human and animals studies. Some of the inconsistencies are due to non-comparable and biased methods that were applied on thin transversal sections, especially in muscles with complicated morphological structures, such as in human masseter muscle. We present a new immunohistochemical method for staining capillaries and muscle fibres in 100 µm thick sections as well as novel approach to 3D visualization of capillaries and muscle fibres. Applying confocal microscopy and virtual 3D stereological grids, or tracing capillaries in virtual reality, length of capillaries within a muscle volume or length of capillaries adjacent to muscle fibre per fibre length, fibre surface or fibre volume were evaluated in masseter muscle of young and old subjects by an unbiased approach. Our findings show that anatomic capillarity is well maintained in masseter muscle in old subjects; however, vascular remodelling occurs with age, which could be a response to changed muscle function and age-related muscle fibre type transformations.

The fate of foreign endplates in cross-innervated rat soleus muscle

1980 ◽  
Vol 208 (1171) ◽  
pp. 189-222 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Presynaptic Terminal ◽  
Motor Axon ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle ◽  
Postsynaptic Site

After transplantation of the superficial fibular and the medial plantar nerve to neighbouring sites in the proximal region of adult rat soleus muscles many muscle fibres were initially innervated by axons in both foreign nerves after resection of the original soleus nerve. The foreign endplates were formed at ectopic sites and were often separately locatedon individual muscle fibres. After 3-4 weeks many endplates had been eliminated and most muscle fibres were innervated by only a single foreign axon. Many muscle fibres still had multiple esterase-staining endplate sites in the region innervated by the foreign nerve. On exami­nation by electronmicroscopy, some of these sites were seen to have lost their presynaptic terminal while the postsynaptic structure of the endplate remained intact. Other sites were only partially occupied by motor axon terminals. On each muscle fibre there was always at least one fully occupied endplate region. In some instances separate endplate sites on the same muscle fibre were innervated by branches of the same motor axon. We conclude that the elimination of endplates is due to a competitive interaction between motor axons innervating the same muscle fibre. Morphologically, the elimination of functional endplates is caused by a retraction of nerve terminals from the postsynaptic site.

scholarly journals SLCV–a supervised learning—computer vision combined strategy for automated muscle fibre detection in cross-sectional images

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7053
Author(s):  
Anika Rettig ◽  
Tobias Haase ◽  
Alexandr Pletnyov ◽  
Benjamin Kohl ◽  
Wolfgang Ertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Combined Strategy

Muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) is an important biomedical measure used to determine the structural composition of skeletal muscle, and it is relevant for tackling research questions in many different fields of research. To date, time consuming and tedious manual delineation of muscle fibres is often used to determine the CSA. Few methods are able to automatically detect muscle fibres in muscle fibre cross-sections to quantify CSA due to challenges posed by variation of brightness and noise in the staining images. In this paper, we introduce the supervised learning-computer vision combined pipeline (SLCV), a robust semi-automatic pipeline for muscle fibre detection, which combines supervised learning (SL) with computer vision (CV). SLCV is adaptable to different staining methods and is quickly and intuitively tunable by the user. We are the first to perform an error analysis with respect to cell count and area, based on which we compare SLCV to the best purely CV-based pipeline in order to identify the contribution of SL and CV steps to muscle fibre detection. Our results obtained on 27 fluorescence-stained cross-sectional images of varying staining quality suggest that combining SL and CV performs significantly better than both SL-based and CV-based methods with regards to both the cell separation- and the area reconstruction error. Furthermore, applying SLCV to our test set images yielded fibre detection results of very high quality, with average sensitivity values of 0.93 or higher on different cluster sizes and an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.9778.

scholarly journals Post-synaptic morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions is linked to muscle fibre type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Mech ◽  
Anna-Leigh Brown ◽  
Giampietro Schiavo ◽  
James N. Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Muscle Fibre Type ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Muscle Fibres

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, ultimately facilitating the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, whether muscle fibre type impacts NMJ morphology and growth, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi-automated workflow called NMJ-morph to quantify features of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild-type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post-natal day, P7) and early adult (P31-32) timepoints. Post-synaptic AChR morphology was found to be more variable between muscles than that of the motor neuron terminal and there were greater differences in the developing NMJ than at the mature synapse. Post-synaptic architecture, but not neuronal morphology or post-natal synapse growth, correlates with fibre type and is largely independent of muscle fibre diameter. Counter to previous observations, this study indicates that smaller NMJs tend to innervate muscles with higher proportions of fast twitch fibres and that NMJ growth rate is not conserved across all muscles. Furthermore, healthy pre- and post-synaptic NMJ morphological parameters were collected for five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, generating reference data that will be useful for the future assessment of neuromuscular disease models.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Determination of Muscle Fibre Orientation using Diffusion-Weighted MRI

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A van Doorn ◽  
P H M Bovendeerd ◽  
K Nicolay ◽  
M R Drost ◽  
J D Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

The spindle and extrafusal innervation of a frog muscle

1957 ◽  
Vol 146 (924) ◽  
pp. 416-430 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Intrafusal Muscle ◽  
Intrafusal Fibre ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Intrafusal Fibres ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Tonic System

In the frog muscle, ext. long. dig. IV, there are two or three spindle systems. Each consists of a bundle of intrafusal muscle fibres with two, three or four discrete encapsulated sensory regions distributed in mechanical series along it. A sensory region is usually comprised of the coiled branches of one afferent axon. These embrace the intrafusal fibres and ultimately form long fine varicose endings on or near them. The intrafusal striations appear to be lost for a short distance within the sensory region, and in this region the intrafusal fibre nuclei crowd together. The ‘small’ extrafusal efferents break up into trusses of fine unmyelinated axons and terminate as ‘grape’ end-plates, several of which can occur on the same muscle fibre. This is the ‘tonic’ system. The ‘large’ extrafusal efferents terminate as ‘Endbiischel’ end-plates on muscle fibres not supplied by grape endings. This is the ‘twitch’ system. Both ‘grape' and ‘twitch’ end-plates occur on the intrafusal bundle (probably on separate fibres) between the sensory regions. They are supplied by branches of ‘small’ or ‘large’ axons respectively, which also innervate extrafusal fibres. Thus like the extrafusals the intrafusal bundle is composed of ‘tonic’ and ‘twitch’ muscle fibres. This situation contrasts with that of the mammal, where extrafusals are exclusively ‘twitch’ fibres and intrafusals ‘tonic’.

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