Effect of acute phase proteins, especially α2-macroglobulin, on granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the rat

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Gool ◽  
D. Van Tiel ◽  
M. J. Doenhoff ◽  
H. Van Vugt
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Procollagen Iii Peptide ◽  
Liver Collagen

SUMMARYA new model for the study of granuloma formation in the liver is described. Rats received an injection of 20 000 Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the portal vein and granuloma formation was evaluated at 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-injection. Liver collagen was estimated at the same time and serum procollagen III peptide, a marker of collagenesis, weekly. With this model, wherein the number of S. mansoni eggs and the time of injury are standardized, the effect of high levels of acute phase proteins especially α2-macroglobulin on granuloma formation was studied. It appeared that in rats with high levels of α2-macroglobulin the mean size of granulomas was significantly greater at 3 and 5 weeks compared with controls. In both groups an increase in liver collagen was observed during this period, reaching a peak at 5 weeks in the acute phase group. This model facilitates the study of the effects of S. mansoni eggs on granuloma formation.

Need For Large (But Simple) Trials

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Peto ◽  
S Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Acute Mi ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospect Of Success

Every year at least a million people are admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of suspected acute MI. Within a year about 15% are dead, some in hospital and seme after discharge. Reduction of 15% to (say) 12% would save same 30,000 lives per year, perhaps 10,000 of whom would be people in middle, rather than old, age. Such a reduction might well be conferred by certain of the treatments currently envisaged (e.g. limitation of infarct size by intravenous beta-blockade or by fibrinolytic treatment, or maintenance for several months following discharge on antiplatelet, anti-coagulant, beta-blocking or various other drugs), though it is much less plausible that large risk reductions (e.g. from 15% dead to 5% or 10% dead) could be conferred. Most trials are far too small to detect a reduction from 15% dead to 12% or 13% dead; for example, the mean size of the 36 randomised trials of beta-blockers or of fibrinolytic agents in the acute phase of (suspected) MI is 250 patients per trial. Such trials cannot reliably assess the sort of moderate reductions in mortality which it is medically realistic to hope for. This ideally requires not 250 per trial but more like 10,000 per trial. Some treatments (e.g. fibrinolytic agents, acute-phase i.v. beta-blockers, and post-discharge anti-platelet agents) which have failed to gain wide acceptance do seem to prevent death when all of the relevant trials are viewed together. If such an overview of many trials is not accepted as sufficient evidence, the need for a few really large trials will be underlined. There is no need for expensive investigation of each patient in, large trials whose chief aim is to study mortality, and there may be more prospect of success in such trials if they are made unusually simple.The point is not that all trials should be replaced by large, simple trials, but rather that unless a few large, simple trials are undertaken we shall not know which treatments prevent death.

scholarly journals Serum concentration of haptoglobin in European mouflon (Ovis musimon L.) from a game reserve

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Smitka ◽  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Ján Čurlík ◽  
Peter Lazar ◽  
Jozef Bíreš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
The Mean

Acute phase proteins are used as markers of inflammation and sub-clinical disease, and are considered potential biomarkers for animal health and welfare. The objective of this study was to analyse haptoglobin as the main positive acute phase protein in the mouflon. A total of 30 clinically healthy mouflon of different age and sex, reared in a game reserve, were used for this study. Haptoglobin was determined in blood serum by colorimetric assay with a commercially accessible kit. The mean value of haptoglobin in the herd was 0.215 ± 0.068 mg/ml. There was no significant difference between animals divided by sex: male 0.228 ± 0.073 mg/ml, female 0.202 ± 0.062 mg/ml. The mean value in young animals was higher than the mean value in the adults 0.260 ± 0.081 mg/ml and 0.201 ± 0.059 mg/ml, respectively (P < 0.05). This work was designed to identify the baseline concentration of haptoglobin in a clinically healthy population, thus allowing the comparison of welfare and general health status of the herds or different structured groups within the game reserve. This is the first similar study of haptoglobin as a biomarker in the mouflon.

Studies on Acute Phase Proteins of Rat Serum. II. Determination of the Contents of α1-Acid Glycoprotein, α2-Macroglobulin, and Albumin in Serum from Rats Suffering from Induced Inflammation

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Jamieson ◽  
F. E. Ashton ◽  
A. D. Friesen ◽  
B. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Glycoprotein Biosynthesis ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin

A quantitative precipitin technique has been employed to determine the contents of α1-acid glycoprotein, α2-macroglobulin, and albumin in serum from control rats and rats suffering from induced inflammation for 5–96 h. There was an increase in the content of α1-acid glycoprotein and α2-macroglobulin in serum from experimental animals reaching a maximum at 48–72 h after administration of inflammatory agent indicating that both proteins are acute phase globulins. There was only a slight change in the content of albumin in serum from experimental animals when compared with controls. Studies involving incorporation of labelled precursors of glycoprotein biosynthesis into α1-acid glycoprotein and α2-macroglobulin indicated that the most likely explanation for the increase in α1-acid glycoprotein and α2-macroglobulin in serum from experimental animals was an increase in the rates of synthesis of the two proteins in question.

Studies on Acute Phase Proteins of Rat Serum. I. Isolation and Partial Characterization of an α1-Acid Glycoprotein and an α2-Macroglobulin

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Jamieson ◽  
A. D. Friesen ◽  
F. E. Ashton ◽  
B. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin

An α1-acid glycoprotein and an α2-macroglobulin were isolated from serum from rats suffering from experimentally induced inflammation for 48 h. The proteins were characterized electrophoretically and immunologically and their carbohydrate compositions and some physical properties determined. The α1-acid glycoprotein contained 34.1% carbohydrate, had an isoelectric point of 2.95, and a molecular weight of 43 000. The α2-macroglobulin contained 15.9% carbohydrate, had an isoelectric point of 4.60, and a molecular weight of about 800 000. The properties of the two proteins are compared with those of similar proteins isolated from rats and other species.

scholarly journals Comparative clinical and ultrasound study of egg-negative and egg-positive individuals from Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic areas, and hospitalized patients with hepatosplenic disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telcia V.B. Magalhães ◽  
Giovanni Gazzinelli ◽  
Maria Carolina B. Alvarez ◽  
F.C. Lima e Silva ◽  
Lucia Alves Oliveira Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Periportal Fibrosis ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Midclavicular Line ◽  
The Mean

Two hundred and twenty three subjects from a Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic area and nine hospitalized hepatosplenic patients were submitted to stool test and clinical examination and abdomen ultrasound assessments. According to stool examination and ultrasound results, they were grouped as follows: G1 - 63 Schistosoma mansoni egg-negative individuals; G2 - 141 egg-positive patients and without evidence of periportal fibrosis; G3 - 19 egg-positive patients with periportal echogenicity (3-6mm); and G4 - 9 hepatosplenic patients with periportal echogenicity (> 6mm). Hepatomegaly detected by physical examination of the abdomen evaluated in the midclavicular line was verified in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, in 11.1, 12.1 and 26.3%. In G1, G2 and G3, periportal thickening occurred only in schistosomal patients (8.5%). Mild pathological alterations in patients that cannot yet be detected by clinical examination were detectable in the liver by ultrasound and can be due to fibrosis. The degree of mild periportal fibrosis was diminished in 57.9% of patients 12 months after treatment of schistosomiasis with oxamniquine. At ultrasonography, the mean liver left lobe measurement of G3 was larger than that of G1, and that of G4 larger than that of G1 and G2. The mean size of the spleen of G4 was significantly larger than that of the other three groups, and that of G3 larger than that of G1 and G2.

scholarly journals Serum Total Sialic Acid and Lipid-Associated Sialic Acid in Normal Individuals and Patients with Myocardial Infarction, and Their Relationship to Acute Phase Proteins

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haq ◽  
S Haq ◽  
P Tutt ◽  
M Crook
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Sialic Acid ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean

Serum total sialic acid (TSA) has gained medical interest, particularly as a cardiovascular risk factor and it has been hypothesized that serum levels relate to serum acute phase proteins, some of which are sialylated. We assayed serum TSA and also lipid associated sialic acid (LASA) in SO normal individuals (24 male) and IS subjects (12 male) who had experienced a myocardial infarct. The mean serum TSA in the normal individuals was 2·05 SD 0·38 mmol/L (range 1·16–2·74) and the mean serum LASA was 0.70 SD 0·19 mmol/L (range 0·23–1·03). We also measured five serum acute phase proteins and found a good correlation between these and serum TSA: C-reactive protein, r = 0.52, P<0.001, α-1-antichymotrypsin, r=0·79, P<0·0001, α-2-macroglobulin, r=0·38, P<0·01 and α-1-acid glycoprotein, r=0·32, P<0·05. A significant correlation between plasma TSA and plasma C-reactive protein ( r = 0·47, P<0·04) and also Fibrinogen ( r=0·53, P<0·04) was noted on day one following the myocardial infarction, whereas a significant correlation between plasma TSA and plasma α-1-antichymotrypsin ( r=0·51, P<0·03) and also plasma α-1-acid glycoprotein ( r=0·64, P<0·05) was found on day two following the infarction. Thus it would seem that serum TSA is at least in part related to some of the acute phase proteins in both healthy individuals and those having had a myocardial infarction.

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