Genetic relatedness as a determinant of predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chan ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy ◽  
S. P. Kan
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Genetic

SUMMARYThe present study examines the role of host genetics in predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection, by comparing the associations between age-standardized infection intensities of parents and their children (genetically related), with age-standardized infection intensities of parents alone (not related), within families previously demonstrated to exhibit familial predisposition. The lack of a consistent trend in infection intensity associations within families, in particular the lack of a stronger association between parents and their children than between unrelated parents, suggests that host genetic factors are not a major determinant of infection status. If there is a genetic basis for predisposition, then the data suggest that the effects of this genetic basis are overwhelmed by other, environmental or behavioural features of the family household.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Simarmata ◽  
Tiangsa Sembiring ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.

scholarly journals The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa LoPresti ◽  
David B. Beck ◽  
Priya Duggal ◽  
Derek A.T. Cummings ◽  
Benjamin D. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Familial trichotillomania: role of genetic factors in the determination of subtypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Ghaffari Nejad Alireza ◽  
Fariborz Estilaee ◽  
Mohammad M. Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Psychiatric Syndrome ◽  
The Family

ObjectivesTrichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric syndrome characterised by the inability to control repetitive hair pulling. Psychiatric data reveal that TTM is not usually prevalent among all family members of patients, and so far only one case of familial TTM has been reported.MethodsIn this study, we report a case of familial TTM that afflicted four sisters and discuss the importance of genetic factors in this disorder.ResultsThis report suggests that, similar to many other psychiatric disorders, TTM can be detected in other family members and that genetic factors not only have a significant role in the development of such disorders but also in determination of the disorder subtype. This report also shows that the comorbidities in one member of the family might predict the existence of comorbidities in other members. On the basis of response to medication.Conclusionthe authors suggest that a genetic disorder like polymorphism in serotonin receptors or dopamine can cause such a disorder.

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility to Chagas Disease: An Overview about the Infection and about the Association between Disease and the Immune Response Genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Maria Ayo ◽  
Márcia Machado de Oliveira Dalalio ◽  
Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer ◽  
Pâmela Guimarães Reis ◽  
Emília Ângela Sippert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Chagas disease, which is caused by the flagellate parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, affects 8–10 million people in Latin America. The disease is endemic and is characterised by acute and chronic phases that develop in the indeterminate, cardiac, and/or gastrointestinal forms. The immune response during humanT. cruziinfection is not completely understood, despite its role in driving the development of distinct clinical manifestations of chronic infection. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the innate and specific immune response are being widely studied in order to clarify their possible role in the occurrence or severity of disease. Here we review the role of classic and nonclassic MHC,KIR, and cytokine host genetic factors on the infection byT. cruziand the clinical course of Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Die Ontwikkeling Van Genetiese Dienste Van Die Departement Van Gesondheid — 1978

Curationis ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hof
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Community Health Services ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
And Training ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

Genetic Services may be regarded as a new addition to community health services, and are currently in the process of institutionalisation. The provision of this “ advanced” health service is long overdue, considering the widespread prevalence of genetic disorders, the role of genetic factors in disease in general, the possibilities of prevention, and the devastating implications of congenital and hereditary disorders for the family and community. The functional activities of the service are based on detection of high-risk and affected individuals, which includes diagnostic investigations and surveillance, genetic counselling and education and training. The nature of the service is outlined with particular reference to the genetics nurse. Designing a suitable organisational structure and providing essential facilities hallmarked the first phase in the process of institutionalising the service. In the next phase, commencing in 1979, the service will be implemented more formally with emphasis on evaluation and improvement of the service.

scholarly journals FLOWERING LOCUS T4 delays flowering and decreases floret fertility in barley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pieper ◽  
Filipa Tomé ◽  
Artem Pankin ◽  
Maria von Korff
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Flowering Time Control

Abstract FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) genes control the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in many angiosperm plants. The family of FT-like genes is characterized by extensive gene duplication and subsequent diversification of FT functions which occurred independently in modern angiosperm lineages. In barley, there are 12 known FT-like genes (HvFT), but the function of most of them remains uncharacterized. This study aimed to characterize the role of HvFT4 in flowering time control and development in barley. The overexpression of HvFT4 in the spring cultivar Golden Promise delayed flowering time under long-day conditions. Microscopic dissection of the shoot apical meristem revealed that overexpression of HvFT4 specifically delayed spikelet initiation and reduced the number of spikelet primordia and grains per spike. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of HvFT4 was associated with floret abortion and with the down-regulation of the barley MADS-box genes VRN-H1, HvBM3, and HvBM8 which promote floral development. This suggests that HvFT4 functions as a repressor of reproductive development in barley. Unraveling the genetic basis of FT-like genes can contribute to the identification of novel breeding targets to modify reproductive development and thereby spike morphology and grain yield.

scholarly journals HLA-B∗57 and Gender Influence the Occurrence of Tuberculosis in HIV Infected People of South India

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Jagannathan ◽  
Mrinalini Chaturvedi ◽  
Bhuthaiah Satish ◽  
Kadappa Shivappa Satish ◽  
Anita Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Background. Substantial evidence exists for HLA and other host genetic factors being determinants of susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases. However, very little information is available on the role of host genetic factors in HIV-TB coinfection. Hence, a longitudinal study was undertaken to investigate HLA associations in a cohort of HIV seropositive individuals with and without TB in Bangalore, South India.Methods. A cohort of 238 HIV seropositive subjects were typed for HLA-A, B, and DR by PCR-SSP and followed up for 5 years or till manifestation of Tuberculosis. HLA data of 682 HIV Negative healthy renal donors was used as control.Results. The ratio of males and females in HIV cohort was comparable (50.4% and 49.6%). But the incidence of TB was markedly lower in females (12.6%,) than males (25.6%). Further, HLA-B*57 frequency in HIV cohort was significantly higher among females without TB (21.6%, 19/88) than males (1.7%, 1/59);P=0.0046;OR=38. CD4 counts also were higher among females in this cohort.Conclusion. This study suggests that HIV positive women with HLA-B*57 have less occurrence of TB as compared to males.

scholarly journals Kynurenine pathway: the link between depressive disorders and inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Justyna Kubacka ◽  
Anna Stefańska ◽  
Grażyna Sypniewska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Depression Disorder

Depression is highly prevalent worldwide and the leading cause of disability. It is believed that currently more than 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression. However, the unambiguous cause of the depression remains unknown. It is suggested that the occurrence of this disease is primarily affected by genetic factors, psychological factors and atypical brain structure or function. Recently, an increasingly important role is attributed to the inflammatory response, which is considered to be the main cause of depression. Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) is one of the described mechanisms by which inflammation can induce depression. Kynurenine pathway activation is associated with several neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depression disorder (MDD). The imbalance between the neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and the associated serotonin and melatonin deficiency, may contribute to the manifestation of depressive symptoms. In this review we discuss the role of the major enzymes of the tryptophan KP: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the role of selected kynurenic metabolites in the depressive disorders. Particular attention was also paid to the genetic basis of depressive disorders and to the summary of current knowledge on the effectiveness of treatment and supplementation with tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan in depression.

Genetic aspects of inflammation and cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 410 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina L. Hold ◽  
M. Emad El-Omar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Neoplastic Progression ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of most common cancers. The aetiology of the inflammation is varied and includes microbial, chemical and physical agents. The chronically inflamed milieu is awash with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is characterized by the activation of signalling pathways that cross-talk between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Many of the factors involved in chronic inflammation play a dual role in the process, promoting neoplastic progression but also facilitating cancer prevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms involved is vital for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer. The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the mechanistic pathways that underlie chronic inflammation and cancer with particular emphasis on the role of host genetic factors that increase the risk of carcinogenesis.

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