Echinococcus – the model cestode parasite

Being engaged on a complete revision of the genus Inermicapsifer Janicki (1910), we had occasion to examine some material from the Helminthological Department of the London School of Tropical Medicine. This material was kindly placed at our disposal by Prof. R. T. Leiper, F.R.S., to whom we here tender our sincerest thanks. We are also indebted to Prof. O. Fuhrmann for his useful advice and criticisms.

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Complément à la connaissance de la morphologie et de la biologie de Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin 1825), cestode parasite de l’Anguille

Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée ◽

10.1051/parasite/1966415429 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 429-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J.-M. Doby ◽

L. Jarecka

Keyword(s):

Cestode Parasite

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Taenia solium Prevalence in Nepal: A Retrospective Review

Nepalese Veterinary Journal ◽

10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 98-104

Author(s):

B. K C ◽

K. Kaphle

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Striated Muscles ◽

Porcine Cysticercosis ◽

Cestode Parasite ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Affected Tissue ◽

First Time ◽

The Brain

Taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode parasite which causes cysticercosis in human and porcine cysticercosis in pigs. The infective stage of T. solium develops in pig while that of T. saginata develop in cattle and buffalo. The adult stages of T. solium are obligatory intestinal parasites for man. In humans the cysticercus larvae commonly encyst in the brain, causing neurocysticercosis. The disease was first described in pig by Aristophanes and Aristotle in 3rd century B.C. In Nepal, Taenia cysts were observed for first time in pork meat slaughtered in Kangeswari, Kathmandu more than 30 years ago. T. solium is the cause of 30% of epilepsy cases in many endemic areas where people and roaming pigs live in close proximity. More than 50 million of the world’s populations are infected worldwide and 50000 die from Neurocysticercosis yearly. In Nepal, the prevalence ranges from 0.002-0.1% in general population. Accurate diagnosis required detailed post mortem examination involving slicing of affected tissue to determine the viability of cysts. Cysticerci occur most commonly in striated muscles tissues and brain of pigs. The application of vaccination with TSOL18 recombinant vaccine along with oral medication of oxfendazole can reduces the transmission by pigs whereas use of niclosamide is found effective in humans. Hence the use of medication eventually reduces the incidence of neurocysticercosis in human and procine cysticercosis in pigs.

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Immunoregulation byTaenia crassicepsand Its Antigens

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/498583 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Alberto N. Peón ◽

Arlett Espinoza-Jiménez ◽

Luis I. Terrazas

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Infection Model ◽

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽

Alternatively Activated Macrophages ◽

Cestode Parasite ◽

Alternatively Activated ◽

Strong Capacity

Taenia crassicepsis a cestode parasite of rodents (in its larval stage) and canids (in its adult stage) that can also parasitize immunocompromised humans. We have studied the immune response elicited by this helminth and its antigens in mice and human cells, and have discovered that they have a strong capacity to induce chronic Th2-type responses that are primarily characterized by high levels of Th2 cytokines, low proliferative responses in lymphocytes, an immature and LPS-tolerogenic profile in dendritic cells, the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and, specially, alternatively activated macrophages. We also have utilized the immunoregulatory capabilities of this helminth to successfully modulate autoimmune responses and the outcome of other infectious diseases. In the present paper, we review the work of others and ourselves with regard to the immune response induced byT. crassicepsand its antigens, and we compare the advances in our understanding of this parasitic infection model with the knowledge that has been obtained from other selected models.

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myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is a major component of an extracellular structure in the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3620297 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 362 (2) ◽

pp. 297-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Florencia IRIGOÍN ◽

Fernando FERREIRA ◽

Cecilia FERNÁNDEZ ◽

Robert B. SIM ◽

Alvaro DÍAZ

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Animal Cells ◽

Inositol Hexakisphosphate ◽

Cestode Parasite ◽

Isolated Compound ◽

Laminated Layer ◽

Cellular Layer

myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an abundant intracellular component of animal cells. In this study we describe the presence of extracellular IP6 in the hydatid cyst wall (HCW) of the larval stage of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The HCW comprises an inner cellular layer and an outer, acellular (laminated) layer up to 2mm in thickness that protects the parasite from host immune cells. A compound, subsequently identified as IP6, was detected in and purified from an HCW extract on the basis of its capacity to inhibit complement activation. The identification of the isolated compound was carried out by a combination of NMR, MS and TLC. The majority of IP6 in the HCW was found in the acellular layer, with only a small fraction of the compound being extracted from cells. In the laminated layer, IP6 was present in association with calcium, and accounted for up to 15% of the total dry mass of the HCW. IP6 was not detected in any other structures or stages of the parasite. Our results imply that IP6 is secreted by the larval stage of the parasite in a polarized fashion towards the interface with the host. This is the first report of the secretion of IP6, and the possible implications beyond the biology of E. granulosus are discussed.

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Cloning and expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from a cestode parasite and its solubilization from inclusion bodies using l-arginine

Protein Expression and Purification ◽

10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asim K. Dutta ◽

Ramnath ◽

Barilin Dkhar ◽

Veena Tandon ◽

Bidyadhar Das

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽

Cloning And Expression ◽

Cestode Parasite

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Taenia crassiceps:in vivoandin vitromodels

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182009991442 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 335-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

KAETHE WILLMS ◽

RIMMA ZURABIAN

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Inbred Mice ◽

Host Immune Response ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Vaccine Research ◽

Taenia Crassiceps ◽

Cestode Parasite

SUMMARYTaenia crassicepsis a cestode parasite of wild and domestic animals that rarely affects humans; it has been widely used as an experimental model. The asexual proliferation by budding is a useful attribute ofT. crassicepscysticerci, which allows the various strains to be maintained indefinitely in the peritoneal cavity of inbred mice. Over the last 50 years, experimental results using larval and adult stages ofT. crassicepshave yielded much information on the morphology, infectivity, proliferation dynamics, host immune response, endrocrinological responses and vaccine research, all of which have contributed to our knowledge of cestode biology.

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