Wettertrupp Haudegen: the last German Arctic weather station of World War II: Part 2

Polar Record ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (144) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
William Barr
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
Daylight Period

On 23 February the uppermost edge of the sun appeared briefly for the first time over the southern horizon; by 1 March the sun's full disc had appeared, and thereafter the daylight period lengthened rapidly. Apart from some minor cases of insomnia, lack of appetite and lassitude, the long period of darkness had had little effect on the wintering party in terms of either morale or physical health. Most importantly, there had been absolutely no sign of scurvy, undoubtedly due to the regular dose of vitamins which Dege insisted his men take, and to a substantial intake of reindeer meat over the winter.

Wartime Prosperity? A Reassessment of the U.S. Economy in the 1940s

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Higgs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Command Economy ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

Relying on standard measures of macroeconomic performance, historians and economists believe that “war prosperity” prevailed in the United States during World War II. This belief is ill-founded, because it does not recognize that the United States had a command economy during the war. From 1942 to 1946 some macroeconomic performance measures are statistically inaccurate; others are conceptually inappropriate. A better grounded interpretation is that during the war the economy was a huge arsenal in which the well-being of consumers deteriorated. After the war genuine prosperity returned for the first time since 1929.

I Am Hemingway's Renata

PMLA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Adriana Ivancich
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
The Sun ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Sun Also Rises ◽  
The Sun Also Rises ◽  
Farewell To Arms

When Adriana Ivancich is mentioned as a figure in ernest hemingway's life, it is usually with derision, incredulity, or else a barely constrained “Did they or didn't they?” breathlessness. The idea that Ivancich, who was not even born when Hemingway wrote The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929), was the inspiration behind the teenage contessa Renata, Colonel Cantwell's improbable love interest in Across the River and into the Trees (1950), has generated a sometimes hostile reaction. However, this crucial figure in Hemingway's post-World War II life and writing deserves investigation. To the extent that she has been a blind spot in scholarly circles, the oversight can be attributed to a language gap. Her letters to Hemingway, her memoirs, her brother's memoirs, and much of the important analysis of Hemingway's involvement with the Veneto are written in Italian.

scholarly journals Polio and Disability in Cold War Hungary

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Vargha
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

Concerns over children’s physical health and ability were shared experiences across post–World War II societies, and the figure of the child was often used as a tool to reach over the Iron Curtain. However, key differences in how children with polio were perceived, and as a result treated, followed Cold War fault lines. Concepts of an individual’s role in society shaped medical treatment and views of disability, which contributed to the celebrated polio child in one environment and her invisibility in another. Thus, through the lens of disability, new perspectives have emerged on the history of the Cold War, polio, and childhood.

The Politically Weak

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Martin Crotty ◽  
Neil J. Diamant ◽  
Mark Edele
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Democratic Systems

This chapter investigates the cases of victory and defeat and explains what politically influential veterans were able to produce to secure benefits and rights. It focuses on China after its long period of war and civil war that ended in 1949, the United Kingdom after both world wars, the United States after World War I, and the USSR after World War II. It analyses the cases wherein veterans had little or limited success in securing meaningful social and political status. The chapter identifies factors that determine the veterans' status, where it is victory or defeat, or authoritarian versus democratic systems of government. It discusses the political process and the attempts to convert claims into entitlements in order to explain the negative outcomes for the veterans of victorious armies.

From American Exceptionalism to the Great Compression

2021 ◽  
pp. 323-350
Author(s):  
Jon D. Wisman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

The United States was an anomaly, beginning without clear class distinctions and with substantial egalitarian sentiment. Inexpensive land meant workers who were not enslaved were relatively free. However, as the frontier closed and industrialization took off after the Civil War, inequality soared and workers increasingly lost control over their workplaces. Worker agitation led to improved living standards, but gains were limited by the persuasiveness of the elite’s ideology. The hardships of the Great Depression, however, significantly delegitimated the elite’s ideology, resulting in substantially decreased inequality between the 1930s and 1970s. Robust economic growth following World War II and workers’ greater political power permitted unparalleled improvements in working-class living standards. By the 1960s, for the first time in history, a generation came of age without fear of dire material privation, generating among many of the young a dramatic change in values and attitudes, privileging social justice and self-realization over material concerns.

The Geopolitics of the Dollar

Worldview ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Novak
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Yen ◽  
First Time ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The U.S

A crucial turning point in geopolitical history occurred on November 1, 1978, when President Carter announced a massive borrowing of foreign currencies to save the U.S. dollar. For the first time since World War II the U.S. was forced to borrow from the International Monetary Fund; and for the first time since 1893 the U.S. Treasury will have to issue bonds denominated in foreign monies—in this case Japanese yen, West German marks, and Swiss francs.What all this means is that the U.S. has acknowledged two things: that the European Economic Community (the EEC) and Japan are now its economic equals; and that America has forfeited the international economic supremacy it enjoyed since 1915.

The New Federalists

Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Donald F. Keys
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
World War ◽  
New Federalism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

The movement for a governed world has undergone a mutation recently and shows signs of again becoming an important factor in the intellectual and political worlds—for the first time since the early 1950's. The new federalism, or, if you like, neo-federalism, is no less idealistic than the old, but the time scales are different and the policies more pragmatic.Organizations and movements are not the same thing. The movement for a federated world really got under way immediately following World War II, and at first there was a high degree of congruency between the United World Federalists and the movement.

Treaty or Travesty?: Legal Issues Surrounding the U.S.- Philippines Military Base Agreement of 1947–1992

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
L. Eve Armentrout Ma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Host Nation ◽  
Do So

AbstractSince the end of World War II, the United States has been foremost in negotiating military bases on foreign soil, and it can be anticipated that it will do so again in the future. In general, these base agreements have had many common elements. Most have allowed the stationing of American troops on foreign soil for a very long period of time, and have involved a certain measure of extraterritoriality. Most have been concluded under conditions of stress for the host country. Often, for example, the host nation has been one that was devastated by war, and was either the recently defeated enemy or the near-prostrate victor. In many cases the host nation was relatively small, economically shaky, and newly independent, fearful of its chances of survival in an unpredictable and often hostile world; and more often than not, the former ruler or territorial administrator was the United States.

Importance of pesticides in preventive medicine

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1007) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Benzene Hexachloride ◽  
First Time

Twenty years have elapsed since the introduction on a wide scale of the residual insecticides in preventive medicine, and it is perhaps useful at this moment to pause, to see what has been accomplished, and try to foresee what lies ahead. The history of the two best known synthetics, DDT and gammexane runs almost parallel: DDT was discovered as a student’s exercise by Zeidler in Germany in 1874, its insecticidal properties by Muller in Switzerland in 1936 and its applicability to medical problems by Buxton and others during World War II; benzene hexachloride was synthesized by Faraday in 1824, but it was not introduced as an insecticide until 1941— These and other substances became extensively used after the war, and for the first time it became possible to eradicate, often fairly easily, an insect vector of disease, instead of merely to reduce its numbers

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