Mild cognitive impairment: applicability of research criteria in a memory clinic and characterization of cognitive profile

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUVARNA ALLADI ◽  
ROBERT ARNOLD ◽  
JOANNA MITCHELL ◽  
PETER J. NESTOR ◽  
JOHN R. HODGES
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Research Criteria

Background. We explored the applicability of recently proposed research criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a memory clinic and changes in case definition related to which memory tests are used and the status of general cognitive function in MCI.Method. A total of 166 consecutive GP referrals to the Cambridge Memory Clinic underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluation.Results. Of 166 cases, 42 were excluded (significant depression 8, established dementia 29 and other disorders 5). Of 124 non-demented, non-depressed patients, 72 fulfilled Petersen's criteria for amnestic MCI based upon verbal memory performance [the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)] and 90 met criteria if performance on verbal and/or non-verbal memory tests [the Rey figure recall or the Paired Associates Learning test (PAL)] was considered. Of the 90 broadly defined MCI cases, only 25 had pure amnesia: other subtle semantic and/or attention deficits were typically present. A further 12 were classed as non-amnestic MCI and 22 as ‘worried well’.Conclusions. Definition of MCI varies considerably dependent upon the tests used for case definition. The majority have other cognitive deficits despite normal performance on the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and intact activities of daily living (ADL) and fit within multi-domain MCI. Pure amnesic MCI is rare.

scholarly journals The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Episodic Memory Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Do Episodic Memory Deficits Identified at Classification Remain Evident When Later Examined with Different Memory Tests?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Zofia Klekociuk ◽  
Mathew James Summers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Multiple Domain

Previous studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been criticised for using the same battery of neuropsychological tests during classification and longitudinal followup. The key concern is that there is a potential circularity when the same tests are used to identify MCI and then subsequently monitor change in function over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the evidence of this potential circularity problem. The present study assessed the memory function of 72 MCI participants and 50 healthy controls using an alternate battery of visual and verbal episodic memory tests 9 months following initial comprehensive screening assessment and MCI classification. Individuals who were classified as multiple-domain amnestic MCI (a-MCI+) at screening show a significantly reduced performance in visual and verbal memory function at followup using a completely different battery of valid and reliable tests. Consistent with their initial classification, those identified as nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI) or control at screening demonstrated the highest performance across the memory tasks. The results of the present study indicate that persistent memory deficits remain evident in amnestic MCI subgroups using alternate memory tests, suggesting that the concerns regarding potential circularity of logic may be overstated in MCI research.

scholarly journals Event-related potential and EEG oscillatory predictors of verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyi Xia ◽  
Ali Mazaheri ◽  
Katrien Segaert ◽  
David P Salmon ◽  
Danielle Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Prodromal Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alpha Beta

Abstract Reliable biomarkers of memory decline are critical for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Previous work has found three EEG measures, namely the event-related brain potential P600, suppression of oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency range (∼10 Hz) and cross-frequency coupling between low theta/high delta and alpha/beta activity, each of which correlates strongly with verbal learning and memory abilities in healthy elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment or prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we address the question of whether event-related or oscillatory measures, or a combination thereof, best predict the decline of verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Single-trial correlation analyses show that despite a similarity in their time courses and sensitivities to word repetition, the P600 and the alpha suppression components are minimally correlated with each other on a trial-by-trial basis (generally |rs| < 0.10). This suggests that they are unlikely to stem from the same neural mechanism. Furthermore, event-related brain potentials constructed from bandpass filtered (delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma bands) single-trial data indicate that only delta band activity (1–4 Hz) is strongly correlated (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) with the canonical P600 repetition effect; event-related potentials in higher frequency bands are not. Importantly, stepwise multiple regression analyses reveal that the three event-related brain potential/oscillatory measures are complementary in predicting California Verbal Learning Test scores (overall R2’s in 0.45–0.63 range). The present study highlights the importance of combining EEG event-related potential and oscillatory measures to better characterize the multiple mechanisms of memory failure in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or prodromal Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Lexical semantic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (3a) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio L.F. Balthazar ◽  
José E. Martinelli ◽  
Fernando Cendes ◽  
Benito P. Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Lexical Semantic

OBJECTIVE: To study lexical semantic memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls. METHOD: Fifteen mild AD, 15 aMCI, and 15 normal control subjects were included. Diagnosis of AD was based on DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, and that of aMCI, on the criteria of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment, using CDR 0.5 for aMCI and CDR 1 for mild AD. All subjects underwent semantic memory tests (Boston Naming-BNT, CAMCOG Similarities item), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), neuropsychological tests (counterproofs), and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney test for intergroup comparisons and Pearson's coefficient for correlations between memory tests and counterproofs (statistical significance level was p<0.05). RESULTS: aMCI patients were similar to controls on BNT and Similarities, but worse on MMSE and RAVLT. Mild AD patients scored significantly worse than aMCI and controls on all tests. CONCLUSION: aMCI impairs episodic memory but tends to spare lexical semantic system, which can be affected in the early phase of AD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Consonant Vowel Consonant (CVC) Test as an Assessment and Screening Instrument for Mild Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Vierck ◽  
Richard J. Porter ◽  
Janet K. Spittlehouse ◽  
Peter R. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Ceiling Effects

<p>Objective: Traditional word learning tasks have been criticised for being affected by ceiling effects. The Consonant Vowel Consonant (CVC) test is a non-word verbal learning task designed to be more difficult and therefore have a lower risk of ceiling effects.</p><p>Method: The current study examines the psychometric properties of the CVC in 404 middle-aged persons and evaluates it as a screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment by comparing it to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Differences between currently depressed and non-depressed participants were also examined.</p><p>Results: CVC characteristics are similar to traditional verbal memory tasks but with reduced likelihood of a ceiling effect. Using the standard cut-off on the MoCA as an indication of mild cognitive impairment, the CVC performed only moderately well in predicting this. Depressed participants scored significantly lower on the CVC compared with non-depressed individuals.</p><p>Conclusions: The CVC may be similar in psychometric properties to the traditional word learning tests but with a higher ceiling. Scores are lower in depression.</p>

scholarly journals Naturalistic Assessment of Everyday Activities and Prompting Technologies in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Seelye ◽  
Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe ◽  
Diane J. Cook ◽  
Aaron Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Performance Results

AbstractOlder adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often have difficulty performing complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which are critical to independent living. In this study, amnestic multi-domain MCI (N = 29), amnestic single-domain MCI (N = 18), and healthy older participants (N = 47) completed eight scripted IADLs (e.g., cook oatmeal on the stove) in a smart apartment testbed. We developed and experimented with a graded hierarchy of technology-based prompts to investigate both the amount of prompting and type of prompts required to assist individuals with MCI in completing the activities. When task errors occurred, progressive levels of assistance were provided, starting with the lowest level needed to adjust performance. Results showed that the multi-domain MCI group made more errors and required more prompts than the single-domain MCI and healthy older adult groups. Similar to the other two groups, the multi-domain MCI group responded well to the indirect prompts and did not need a higher level of prompting to get back on track successfully with the tasks. Need for prompting assistance was best predicted by verbal memory abilities in multi-domain amnestic MCI. Participants across groups indicated that they perceived the prompting technology to be very helpful. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

scholarly journals Effects of Bilingualism on Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Measures in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Rosselli ◽  
David A. Loewenstein ◽  
Rosie E. Curiel ◽  
Ailyn Penate ◽  
Valeria L. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Nonverbal Memory ◽  
Bilingual Group

AbstractObjectives:Maintaining two active languages may increase cognitive and brain reserve among bilingual individuals. We explored whether such a neuroprotective effect was manifested in the performance of memory tests for participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:We compared 42 bilinguals to 25 monolinguals on verbal and nonverbal memory tests. We used: (a) the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), a sensitive test that taps into proactive, retroactive, and recovery from proactive semantic interference (verbal memory), and (b) the Benson Figure delayed recall (nonverbal memory). A subsample had volumetric MRI scans.Results:The bilingual group significantly outperformed the monolingual group on two LASSI-L cued recall measures (Cued A2 and Cued B2). A measure of maximum learning (Cued A2) showed a correlation with the volume of the left hippocampus in the bilingual group only. Cued B2 recall (sensitive to recovery from proactive semantic interference) was correlated with the volume of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex of both cerebral hemispheres in the bilingual group, as well as with the left and right hippocampus in the monolingual group. The memory advantage in bilinguals on these measures was associated with higher inhibitory control as measured by the Stroop Color-Word test.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated a superior performance of aMCI bilinguals over aMCI monolinguals on selected verbal memory tasks. This advantage was not observed in nonverbal memory. Superior memory performance of bilinguals over monolinguals suggests that bilinguals develop a different and perhaps more efficient semantic association system that influences verbal recall. (JINS, 2019, 25, 15–28)

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Verbal Memory Tests for the Diagnosis and Predictive Value of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Silva ◽  
Manuela Guerreiro ◽  
João Maroco ◽  
Isabel Santana ◽  
Ana Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Memory Tests

Mini-mental State Examination performance in mild cognitive impairment subtypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno S. O. Diniz ◽  
Monica S. Yassuda ◽  
Paula V. Nunes ◽  
Marcia Radanovic ◽  
Orestes V. Forlenza
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Amnestic Mci

Background: Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes requires a detailed diagnostic assessment and so may be missed at routine primary-care appointments, since the ordinary dementia screening tests lack sensitivity owing to ceiling effects, especially in highly educated subjects.Methods: The study was undertaken using a cross-sectional assessment of 112 elderly subjects (mean age 67.96 ± 5.77 years, and mean education level of 12.8 ± 5.7 years) with a semi-structured interview and a neuropsychological battery.Results: MCI patients did not differ from controls on total MMSE scores (p = 0.212). Nevertheless, MCI patients showed worse performance than controls on the verbal memory task (p = 0.012), and “drawing a pentagon” (p = 0.03). Amnestic MCI patients performed worse only on the “three-word recall” task (p = 0.013); non-amnestic MCI patients performed worse on the “three-stage command” task (p = 0.001); and multiple-domain MCI patients performed worse on the “drawing a pentagon” task (p = 0.001) and had a trend toward performing poorly on the ‘three word recall’ task (p = 0.06).Conclusion: The analysis of MMSE subtest scores, in addition to MMSE total scores, may increase the sensitivity of the MMSE test in screening for MCI and its subtypes.

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