The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. LEE ◽  
M. E. J. WADSWORTH ◽  
M. HOTOPF
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Fatal Accidents

Background. Most research has indicated that neuroticism (or trait anxiety) is associated with only negative outcomes. Such a common, heritable and variable trait is expected to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. We tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety in childhood reduces the risk of dying from accidental causes in early adult life.Method. A longitudinal, population-based, birth cohort study of 4070 men and women born in the UK in 1946. Trait anxiety as judged by teachers when the participants were 13 and 15 years old, and the neuroticism scale of a Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) when the participants were 16 years old. Outcomes were deaths, deaths from accidents, non-fatal accidents, and non-fatal accidents requiring medical intervention.Results. Adolescents with low trait anxiety had higher rates of accident mortality to age 25 [low anxiety at 13, hazard ratio (HR) 5·9, low anxiety at 15, HR 1·8]. Low trait anxiety in adolescence was associated with decreased non-accidental mortality after age 25 (low anxiety at 13, HR 0; low anxiety at 15, HR 0·7; low neuroticism at 16, HR 0·7).Conclusions. High trait anxiety measured in adolescence is associated with reduced accidents and accidental death in early adulthood but higher rates of non-accidental mortality in later life.

scholarly journals Association of asthma and smoking with lung function impairment in adolescence and early adulthood: the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1900477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hasan Arshad ◽  
Claire Hodgekiss ◽  
John W. Holloway ◽  
Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy ◽  
Wilfried Karmaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Isle Of Wight

We investigated associations of asthma and smoking with lung function and airway reversibility from childhood to early adulthood.The population-based Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n=1456) was assessed at birth, and at 1, 2, 4, 10, 18 and 26 years. Asthma was defined as physician diagnosis plus current wheeze and/or treatment. Spirometry was conducted at 10 (n=981), 18 (n=839) and 26 years (n=547). Individuals were subdivided into nonsmokers without asthma, nonsmokers with asthma, smokers without asthma and smokers with asthma, based on asthma and smoking status at 26 years. Their lung function trajectories from 10 to 26 years were examined using longitudinal models.Nonsmokers with asthma had smaller forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEF25–75% (forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FVC)) and FEV1/FVC ratio compared to nonsmokers without asthma at age 10 and 18 years, with differences reduced after bronchodilator (pre-bronchodilator FEV1 at 26 years 3.75 L versus 4.02 L, p<0.001; post-bronchodilator 4.02 L versus 4.16 L, p=0.08). This lung function deficit did not worsen after 18 years. Smokers without asthma had smaller FEF25–75% and FEV1/FVC ratio (but not FEV1) at 26 years compared to nonsmokers without asthma, with the deficit appearing after 18 years and persisting despite bronchodilator response (for FEV1/FVC ratio at 26 years 0.80 versus 0.81, p=0.002; post-bronchodilator 0.83 versus 0.85, p=0.005). Smokers with asthma had worse lung function compared to other groups.Lung function deficits associated with asthma and smoking occur early in life. They are not fully responsive to bronchodilators, indicating a risk for long-term lung health, which highlights the need to institute preventive measures in adolescence and early adult life before irreversible damage occurs.

scholarly journals Preterm birth reduces the risk of IgE sensitization up to early adulthood: a population‐based birth cohort study

Allergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Mitselou ◽  
Niklas Andersson ◽  
Anna Bergström ◽  
Inger Kull ◽  
Antonios Georgelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Intrauterine exposure to diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescence and early adulthood: a population-based birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (39) ◽  
pp. E1104-E1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Guillemette ◽  
Brandy Wicklow ◽  
Elizabeth A.C. Sellers ◽  
Allison Dart ◽  
Garry X. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Intrauterine Exposure

scholarly journals Direct Medical Costs of Constipation From Childhood to Early Adulthood: A Population-based Birth Cohort Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Seon Choung ◽  
Nilay D Shah ◽  
Denesh Chitkara ◽  
Megan E Branda ◽  
Miranda A Van Tilburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Direct Medical Costs

scholarly journals Young adult cancer risk behaviours originate in adolescence: a longitudinal analysis using ALSPAC, a UK birth cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Wright ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Ruth Kipping ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Rona Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Adolescent Cancer

Abstract Background An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and there is strong evidence that physical inactivity is associated with cancer. These cancer risk behaviours co-occur however little is known about how they pattern longitudinally across adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from ALSPAC, a prospective population-based UK birth cohort study, we explored patterns of adolescent cancer risk behaviours and their associations with cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Methods Six thousand three hundred fifty-one people (46.0% of ALSPAC participants) provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at one time during adolescence, 1951 provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at all time points. Our exposure measure was quartiles of a continuous score summarising cumulative exposure to cancer risk behaviours and longitudinal latent classes summarising distinct categories of adolescents exhibiting similar patterns of behaviours, between age 11 and 18 years. Using both exposure measures, odds of harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C ≥ 8),daily tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥4), obesity (BMI ≥30), high waist circumference (females: ≥80 cm and males: ≥94 cm, and high waist-hip ratio (females: ≥0.85 and males: ≥1.00) at age 24 were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results We found distinct groups of adolescents characterised by consistently high and consistently low engagement in cancer risk behaviours. After adjustment, adolescents in the top quartile had greater odds of all outcomes in early adulthood: nicotine dependency (odds ratio, OR = 5.37, 95% confidence interval, CI = 3.64–7.93); daily smoking (OR = 5.10, 95% CI =3.19–8.17); obesity (OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 3.33–7.03); high waist circumference (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.94–3.16); harmful drinking (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.57–2.65); and high waist-hip ratio (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.30–2.71), compared to the bottom quartile. In latent class analysis, adolescents characterised by consistently high-risk behaviours throughout adolescence were at higher risk of all cancer risk behaviours at age 24, except harmful drinking. Conclusions Exposure to adolescent cancer risk behaviours greatly increased the odds of cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Interventions to reduce these behaviours should target multiple rather than single risk behaviours and should focus on adolescence.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity over the life course: a population-based birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan Feter ◽  
Jayne S. Leite ◽  
Daniel Umpierre ◽  
Eduardo L. Caputo ◽  
Airton J. Rombaldi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Saturated Model

Abstract Background We aimed to test which life course model best described the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and multimorbidity at age 55. We analyzed data from birth to age 55 using the database from the 1958 National Child Development Survey. Methods Multimorbidity was considered as the presence of more than one chronic condition. LTPA was measured through questionnaires from 1965 (age 7) to 2013 (age 55), which were applied in eight different occasions. We compared the fit of a series of nested adjusted logistic regression models (representing either the critical, accumulation or sensitive period models) with a fully saturated model. Data were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results From an eligible sample of 15,613 cohort members, 9137 were interviewed in the latest sweep (58.5%). Men were more physically active than women at ages 11, 16, and 23 (p < 0.001). LTPA every day in the week was more frequent in women than men in ages 33, 42, and 50 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of multimorbidity at age 55 was 33.0% (n = 2778). The sensitive analysis revealed that LTPA during adolescence (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98) and mid adult life (age 50 and 55; OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.98) have a stronger effect on the risk for multimorbidity at age 55 considering all other life stages in the model. Also, adolescence showed a critical independent effect on the risk for multimorbidity (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.97). No difference was found between those models. Conclusions These data support the notion of a protective physical activity “legacy” at early ages of childhood against multimorbidity at older ages. We highlight the need for LTPA promotion through intervention tailored especially on schooling and older ages in order to reduce the burden of multimorbidity.

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