scholarly journals Young adult cancer risk behaviours originate in adolescence: a longitudinal analysis using ALSPAC, a UK birth cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Wright ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Ruth Kipping ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Rona Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Adolescent Cancer

Abstract Background An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and there is strong evidence that physical inactivity is associated with cancer. These cancer risk behaviours co-occur however little is known about how they pattern longitudinally across adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from ALSPAC, a prospective population-based UK birth cohort study, we explored patterns of adolescent cancer risk behaviours and their associations with cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Methods Six thousand three hundred fifty-one people (46.0% of ALSPAC participants) provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at one time during adolescence, 1951 provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at all time points. Our exposure measure was quartiles of a continuous score summarising cumulative exposure to cancer risk behaviours and longitudinal latent classes summarising distinct categories of adolescents exhibiting similar patterns of behaviours, between age 11 and 18 years. Using both exposure measures, odds of harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C ≥ 8),daily tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥4), obesity (BMI ≥30), high waist circumference (females: ≥80 cm and males: ≥94 cm, and high waist-hip ratio (females: ≥0.85 and males: ≥1.00) at age 24 were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results We found distinct groups of adolescents characterised by consistently high and consistently low engagement in cancer risk behaviours. After adjustment, adolescents in the top quartile had greater odds of all outcomes in early adulthood: nicotine dependency (odds ratio, OR = 5.37, 95% confidence interval, CI = 3.64–7.93); daily smoking (OR = 5.10, 95% CI =3.19–8.17); obesity (OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 3.33–7.03); high waist circumference (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.94–3.16); harmful drinking (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.57–2.65); and high waist-hip ratio (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.30–2.71), compared to the bottom quartile. In latent class analysis, adolescents characterised by consistently high-risk behaviours throughout adolescence were at higher risk of all cancer risk behaviours at age 24, except harmful drinking. Conclusions Exposure to adolescent cancer risk behaviours greatly increased the odds of cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Interventions to reduce these behaviours should target multiple rather than single risk behaviours and should focus on adolescence.

scholarly journals Young Adult Cancer Risk Behaviours Originate in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis using ALSPAC, a UK birth Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Wright ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Ruth R Kipping ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Rona Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Adolescent Cancer

Abstract Background: An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and there is strong evidence that physical inactivity is associated with cancer. These cancer risk behaviours co-occur however little is known about how they pattern longitudinally across adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from ALSPAC, a prospective population-based UK birth cohort study, we explored patterns of adolescent cancer risk behaviours and their associations with cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Methods: 6,351 people (46.0% of ALSPAC participants) provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at one time during adolescence, 1,951 provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at all time points. Our exposure measure was a continuous score summarising cumulative exposure to cancer risk behaviours and longitudinal latent classes summarising distinct categories of adolescents exhibiting similar patterns of behaviours, between age 11 and 18 years. Using both exposure measures, odds of harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C ≥8),daily tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥4), obesity (BMI ≥30), high waist circumference (females: ≥80cm and males: ≥94cm, and high waist-hip ratio (females: ≥0.85 and males: ≥1.00) at age 24 were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results: We found distinct groups of adolescents characterised by consistently high and consistently low engagement in cancer risk behaviours. After adjustment, adolescents in the top quartile had greater odds of all outcomes in early adulthood: nicotine dependency (odds ratio, OR=5.37, 95% confidence interval, CI=3.64-7.93); daily smoking (OR=5.10, 95% CI =3.19-8.17); obesity (OR=4.84, 95% CI=3.33-7.03); high waist circumference (OR=2.48, 95% CI=1.94-3.16); harmful drinking (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.57-2.65); and high waist-hip ratio (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.30-2.71), compared to the bottom quartile. In latent class analysis, adolescents characterised by consistently high-risk behaviours throughout adolescence were at higher risk of all cancer risk behaviours at age 24, except harmful drinking.Conclusions: Exposure to adolescent cancer risk behaviours greatly increased the odds of cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Interventions to reduce these behaviours should target multiple rather than single risk behaviours and should focus on adolescence.

The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. LEE ◽  
M. E. J. WADSWORTH ◽  
M. HOTOPF
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Fatal Accidents

Background. Most research has indicated that neuroticism (or trait anxiety) is associated with only negative outcomes. Such a common, heritable and variable trait is expected to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. We tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety in childhood reduces the risk of dying from accidental causes in early adult life.Method. A longitudinal, population-based, birth cohort study of 4070 men and women born in the UK in 1946. Trait anxiety as judged by teachers when the participants were 13 and 15 years old, and the neuroticism scale of a Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) when the participants were 16 years old. Outcomes were deaths, deaths from accidents, non-fatal accidents, and non-fatal accidents requiring medical intervention.Results. Adolescents with low trait anxiety had higher rates of accident mortality to age 25 [low anxiety at 13, hazard ratio (HR) 5·9, low anxiety at 15, HR 1·8]. Low trait anxiety in adolescence was associated with decreased non-accidental mortality after age 25 (low anxiety at 13, HR 0; low anxiety at 15, HR 0·7; low neuroticism at 16, HR 0·7).Conclusions. High trait anxiety measured in adolescence is associated with reduced accidents and accidental death in early adulthood but higher rates of non-accidental mortality in later life.

Early adulthood psychiatric diagnoses and the subsequent risk of life-time incarceration: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1906-1913
Author(s):  
Sophie D. Walsh ◽  
Bruce P. Dohrenwend ◽  
Itzhak Levav ◽  
Mark Weiser ◽  
Gilad Gal
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Interview

AbstractBackgroundThe association between incarceration and psychiatric disorders has been noted. Yet, existing studies are cross-sectional or examine the risk of recidivism, which has limited the predictive validity of psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for incarceration. To overcome this limitation, this study used a prospective cohort to examine whether psychiatric diagnoses in early adulthood predicted incarceration throughout a 30-year follow-up. It tested the association between psychiatric diagnoses with future incarcerations, their number and durations, controlling for education and ethnic status.MethodsThis study merged data from three sources in Israel: a prospective 10-year birth cohort study of young adults aged 25–34, conducted in the 1980s (N = 4914) that included a psychiatric interview; data from the Prison Service, including the cause, number and duration of incarcerations; and from the Vital Statistics Registry on death records.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that substance-use disorders, antisocial personality and lower levels of education predicted future incarceration, their number and maximum duration. The remainder diagnoses were not significantly associated with future incarceration.ConclusionsResults limited the prediction of future incarcerations to persons diagnosed with substance use and antisocial personality, and do not support an independent predictive association between additional psychiatric diagnoses and future incarceration.

Mental disorder diagnoses of offspring affected by parental cancer before early adulthood: the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Niemelä ◽  
Reija Paananen ◽  
Helinä Hakko ◽  
Marko Merikukka ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Cancer

scholarly journals Physical activity throughout adolescence and bone mineral density in early adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 2007-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bielemann ◽  
M. R. Domingues ◽  
B. L. Horta ◽  
A. M. B. Menezes ◽  
H. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Epigenetic gestational age and trajectories of weight and height during childhood: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D. Bright ◽  
Laura D. Howe ◽  
Jasmine N. Khouja ◽  
Andrew J. Simpkin ◽  
Matthew Suderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Childhood Weight ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractBackgroundDifferences between an individual’s estimated epigenetic gestational age (EGA) and their actual gestational age (GA) are defined as gestational age acceleration (GAA). GAA is associated with increased birthweight and birth length. Whether these associations persist through childhood is yet to be investigated.MethodsWe examined the association between GAA and trajectories of height and weight from birth to 10 years (n=785) in a British birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). EGA of participants was estimated using DNA methylation data from cord blood using a recently-developed prediction model. GA of participants was gathered in ALSPAC from clinical records and was measured from last menstrual period (LMP) for most participants. GAA of participants, measured in weeks, was calculated as the residuals from a regression model of EGA on actual GA. Height and weight were obtained from several sources including birth records, research clinics, routine child health clinics, links to health visitor records and parent-reported measures from questionnaires. Analyses were performed using linear spline multilevel models and adjusted for maternal age, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal education.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, offspring with a one-week greater GAA were born on average 0.14 kg heavier (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.09, 0.19) and 0.55 cm taller (95% CI 0.33, 0.78) at birth. These differences in weight persisted up to approximately age 9 months but thereafter began to attenuate and reduce in magnitude. From age 5 years onwards, the association between GAA and weight reversed such that GAA was associated with lower weight and this association strengthened with age (mean difference at age 10 years −0.60 kg (95% CI, −1.19, −0.01)). Differences in height persisted only up to age 9 months (mean difference at 9 months 0.15 cm, (95% CI −0.09, 0.39)). From age 9 months to age 10 years, offspring with a one-week greater GAA were of comparable height to those with no GAA (mean difference at age 10 years −0.07 cm, (95% CI −0.64, 0.50)).ConclusionsGestational age acceleration is associated with increased birth weight and length and these differences persist to age 9 months. From 5 years onwards, the association of GAA and weight reverses such that by age 10 years greater GAA is associated with lower childhood weight. Further work is required to examine whether the weight effects of GAA strengthen further through adolescence and into early adulthood.

scholarly journals Association of public care in childhood with social, criminal, cognitive, and health outcomes in middle-age: five decades of follow-up of members of the 1958 birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214737
Author(s):  
Tiffany Xie ◽  
Carlos de Mestral ◽  
G David Batty
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Childhood Care

BackgroundChildren who have been exposed to public (out-of-home) care experience a range of negative outcomes by late adolescence and early adulthood. The longer-term impact of childhood care is, however, uncertain.AimTo examine if there is a prospective association between childhood public care and adverse life outcomes in middle-age.MethodsWe used data from the UK 1958 birth cohort study of 18 558 individuals. Parents reported offspring care status at age 7, 11 and 16. An array of social, criminal, cognitive, and health outcomes was self-reported by cohort members at age 42 (71% response proportion in eligible sample) and a cognitive test battery was administered at age 50 (62% response).ResultsA total of 420 (3.8%) of 11 160 people in the analytical sample experienced childhood public care by age 16. Net of confounding factors, experience of public care (vs none) was linked to 11 of the 28 non-mutually exclusive endpoints captured in middle-age, with the most consistent effects apparent for psychosocial characteristics: 4/7 sociodemographic (eg, odds ratio; 95% confidence interval for homelessness: 2.1; 1.4 to 3.1); 2/2 antisocial (eg, use of illicit drug: 2.0; 1.2 to 3.5); 2/3 psychological (eg, mental distress: 1.6; 1.2 to 2.1); 1/3 health behaviours (eg, current cigarette smoker: 1.7; 1.3 to 2.2); 2/8 somatic health (physical disability: 2.7; 1.9 to 3.8); and 0/5 cognitive function (eg, beta coefficient; 95% confidence interval for immediate word recall: −0.1; −0.3 to 0.1) endpoints.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that selected associations apparent between childhood care and outcomes in adolescence and early adulthood are also evident in middle-age.

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