The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1027-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Biederman ◽  
C. R. Petty ◽  
C. Dolan ◽  
S. Hughes ◽  
E. Mick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundA better understanding of the long-term scope and impact of the co-morbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) youth has important clinical and public health implications.MethodSubjects were assessed blindly at baseline (mean age=10.7 years), 1-year (mean age=11.9 years), 4-year (mean age=14.7 years) and 10-year follow-up (mean age=21.7 years). The subjects' lifetime diagnostic status of ADHD, ODD and CD by the 4-year follow-up were used to define four groups (Controls, ADHD, ADHD plus ODD, and ADHD plus ODD and CD). Diagnostic outcomes at the 10-year follow-up were considered positive if full criteria were met any time after the 4-year assessment (interval diagnosis). Outcomes were examined using a Kaplan–Meier survival function (persistence of ODD), logistic regression (for binary outcomes) and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for age.ResultsODD persisted in a substantial minority of subjects at the 10-year follow-up. Independent of co-morbid CD, ODD was associated with major depression in the interval between the 4-year and the 10-year follow-up. Although ODD significantly increased the risk for CD and antisocial personality disorder, CD conferred a much larger risk for these outcomes. Furthermore, only CD was associated with significantly increased risk for psychoactive substance use disorders, smoking, and bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings support and extend previously reported findings from this sample at the 4-year follow-up indicating that ODD and CD follow a divergent course. They also support previous findings that ODD heralds a compromised outcome for ADHD youth grown up independently of the co-morbidity with CD.

The Associations Between Pre- and Postnatal Maternal Symptoms of Distress and Preschooler’s Symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bothild Bendiksen ◽  
Heidi Aase ◽  
Lien My Diep ◽  
Elisabeth Svensson ◽  
Svein Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Gender

Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the associations between pre- and postnatal maternal distress and preschooler’s symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and anxiety, by timing and gender. Method: Children, aged 3.5 years ( N = 1,195), recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, were assessed with a semistructured parental psychiatric interview. Perinatal maternal symptoms of distress were assessed by Symptom Checklist (SCL-5); Poisson regression was used to examine the associations. Results: Mid-gestational maternal distress significantly increased the average number of child symptoms, ranging between 3.8% for ADHD hyperactive–impulsive (ADHD-HI) and 8.7% for anxiety. The combination of high maternal scores of distress both pre- and postnatally were associated with increased risk of child symptoms of anxiety (relative risk [RR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.43, 3.07]), CD (RR = 1.83; 95% CI = [1.33, 2.51]), and ODD (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.64]), with minor sex differences. Conclusion: Maternal distress during mid-gestation was associated with ADHD, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in preschool children. Continued exposure into the postnatal period may further increase these risk associations .

Genetic effects on the variation and covariation of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptomatologies across informant and occasion of measurement

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. NADDER ◽  
M. RUTTER ◽  
J. L. SILBERG ◽  
H. H. MAES ◽  
L. J. EAVES
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background. Previous studies have shown that the presence of conduct disorder may contribute to the persistence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology into adolescence; however, the aetiological relationship between the two phenotypes remains undetermined. Furthermore, studies utilizing multiple informants have indicated that teacher ratings of these phenotypes are more valid than maternal reports.Methods. The genetic structure underlying the persistence of ADHD and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptomatologies as rated by mothers and teachers at two occasions of measurement was investigated on a sample of 494 male and 603 female same sex adolescent twin pairs participating in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD).Results. Using structural modelling techniques, one common genetic factor was shown to govern the covariation between the phenotypes across informants and occasion of measurement with additional genetic factors specific to ODD/CD symptomatology and persistence of symptomatology at reassessment. Genetic structures underlying the phenotypes were, to some extent, informant dependent.Conclusions. The findings indicate that it is unlikely that the co-morbidity between ADHD and ODD/CD is due to environmental influences that are independent of ADHD. Rather it is likely to be due to a shared genetic liability either operating directly, or indirectly through gene–environment correlations or interactions. The covariation between phenotypes across informants and time is governed by a common set of genes, but it seems that ODD/CD is also influenced by additional genetic factors. Developmentally, different forms of genetic liability control ADHD in males and inattention in females.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile and Co-morbidities of Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sifat E Syed ◽  
Mohammad SI Mullick
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Property Offenses

Background: Among juvenile behavior disorders, Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are predominant ones and are of great concern because of their high degree of impairment. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, during the period from August 2011 to November 2012 with sample size of 81. During data collection, semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher containing socio-demographic variables and Developments and Well–Being Assessment (DAWBA) – self, parent and teacher version were used. Results: Symptom profile showed that oppositional symptoms had no significant age or gender difference but aggressive symptoms, status offenses and property offenses were clearly more common among boys. Younger boys with Conduct disorder showed more aggressive symptoms, but status offense was more prevalent in older age group. Property offenses showed no age difference. Psychiatric co-morbidity was present in 48.1% respondents, among them; Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was highest (24.7%). ADHD was more prevalent in children with ODD and Major Depressive Disorder was more common in Conduct disorder. Total percentage of anxiety disorders was 14.8%. Conclusion: This was the first study in Bangladesh exploring the clinical profiles of Conduct disorder and Oppositional defiant disorder in hospital setting. Absence of control group and city based study places were the limitations of the research. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 29-34

scholarly journals Impact of atrial fibrillation pattern on outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: lessons from the prospective LAARGE registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinwan Kany ◽  
Johannes Brachmann ◽  
Thorsten Lewalter ◽  
Ibrahim Akin ◽  
Horst Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Non-paroxysmal (NPAF) forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for systemic embolism or death. Methods Comparison of procedural details and long-term outcomes in patients (pts) with paroxysmal AF (PAF) against controls with NPAF in the prospective, multicentre observational registry of patients undergoing LAAC (LAARGE). Results A total of 638 pts (PAF 274 pts, NPAF 364 pts) were enrolled. In both groups, a history of PVI was rare (4.0% vs 1.6%, p = 0.066). The total CHA2DS2-VASc score was lower in the PAF group (4.4 ± 1.5 vs 4.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.033), while HAS-BLED score (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.40) was comparable. The rate of successful implantation was equally high (97.4% vs 97.8%, p = 0.77). In the three-month echo follow-up, LA thrombi (2.1% vs 7.3%, p = 0.12) and peridevice leak > 5 mm (0.0% vs 7.1%, p = 0.53) were numerically higher in the NPAF group. Overall, in-hospital complications occurred in 15.0% of the PAF cohort and 10.7% of the NPAF cohort (p = 0.12). In the one-year follow-up, unadjusted mortality (8.4% vs 14.0%, p = 0.039) and combined outcome of death, stroke and systemic embolism (8.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in the NPAF cohort. After adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc and previous bleeding, NPAF was associated with increased death/stroke/systemic embolism (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72, p = 0.041). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation type did not impair periprocedural safety or in-hospital MACE patients undergoing LAAC. However, after one year, NPAF was associated with higher mortality. Graphic abstract

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