scholarly journals Cool and hot executive functions in medication-naive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-R. Yang ◽  
R. C. K. Chan ◽  
N. Gracia ◽  
X.-Y. Cao ◽  
X.-B. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare ‘cool’ [working memory (WM) and response inhibition] and ‘hot’ (delay aversion) executive functions (EFs) in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodA total of 100 ADHD children (45 with family history of ADHD and 55 with no family history) and 100 healthy controls, all medication free, were tested on tasks related to the ‘hot’ (i.e. two choice-delay tasks) and ‘cool’ domains of EF (i.e. Digits backward, Corsi Block Task backward, Go/No-Go Task, Stop-Signal Task, and the Stroop).ResultsCompared with the controls, children with ADHD were found to perform significantly worse on one or more measures of response inhibition, WM, and delay aversion after controlling for co-morbidities and estimated IQ. In addition, comparisons between ADHD children with family history of ADHD and those with no family history found significant differences on measures of response inhibition and WM but not delay aversion. These results are largely supported by results of two logistic regressions.ConclusionsADHD was found to be associated with deficits on both cool and hot EFs. There is also evidence to suggest that cool EFs impairment is related to a family history of ADHD. Findings of this study have helped to elucidate the nature and extent of EF deficits in children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Method of Parents in the Development of Child Prayers Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Case Study of ADHD Children in Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-290
Author(s):  
Muhajir ◽  
Zahrul Mubarrak ◽  
Amiruddin ◽  
Khaidir ◽  
Fazil Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Model Technique

Concentration disorders accompanied by hyperactivity in children with ADHD are conditions that show symptoms of lack concentration, hyperactivity and impulsiveness that causes an imbalance of most of their life activities. This makes parents have difficulty in providing prayer guidance to children who have ADHD. Starting from this problem, the researcher tries to make a scientific about Parents' Method in the Development of Child Prayers Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Case Study of ADHD Children in Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh)." This study was conducted to describe the method parents in providing prayer services to children with ADHD in  Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh. This thesis research method uses the case study method which is a study that tries to examine individuals or a unit in depth with a qualitative approach. In collecting data researchers conducted observations and direct interviews within formants who have been used as samples, as well as documentation. While the analysis of data through observations in this thesis uses a theme analysis model technique where all data after being collected will be processed one by one. The results showed that ADHD children's prayer guidance involved all family members, namely the father, mother, siblings and cousins ​​of ADHD children. As for the methods carried out by the family in the guidance of prayers in children with ADHD can be concluded as follows:1. Intelegently; 2. Be haviour; 3. By monitoring.

scholarly journals Disruptions of working memory and inhibition mediate the association between exposure to institutionalization and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tibu ◽  
M. A. Sheridan ◽  
K. A. McLaughlin ◽  
C. A. Nelson ◽  
N. A. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Early Deprivation ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundYoung children raised in institutions are exposed to extreme psychosocial deprivation that is associated with elevated risk for psychopathology and other adverse developmental outcomes. The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is particularly high in previously institutionalized children, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. We investigated whether deficits in executive functioning (EF) explain the link between institutionalization and ADHD.MethodA sample of 136 children (aged 6–30 months) was recruited from institutions in Bucharest, Romania, and 72 never institutionalized community children matched for age and gender were recruited through general practitioners’ offices. At 8 years of age, children's performance on a number of EF components (working memory, response inhibition and planning) was evaluated. Teachers completed the Health and Behavior Questionnaire, which assesses two core features of ADHD, inattention and impulsivity.ResultsChildren with history of institutionalization had higher inattention and impulsivity than community controls, and exhibited worse performance on working memory, response inhibition and planning tasks. Lower performances on working memory and response inhibition, but not planning, partially mediated the association between early institutionalization and inattention and impulsivity symptom scales at age 8 years.ConclusionsInstitutionalization was associated with decreased EF performance and increased ADHD symptoms. Deficits in working memory and response inhibition were specific mechanisms leading to ADHD in previously institutionalized children. These findings suggest that interventions that foster the development of EF might reduce risk for psychiatric problems in children exposed to early deprivation.

Differential effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on intrinsic brain activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 3173-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shang ◽  
C. G. Yan ◽  
H. Y. Lin ◽  
W. Y. Tseng ◽  
F. X. Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

BackgroundMethylphenidate and atomoxetine are commonly prescribed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, their therapeutic neural mechanisms remain unclear.MethodAfter baseline evaluation including cognitive testing of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), drug-naive children with ADHD (n = 46), aged 7–17 years, were randomly assigned to a 12-week treatment with methylphenidate (n = 22) or atomoxetine (n = 24). Intrinsic brain activity, including the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), was quantified via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and week 12.ResultsReductions in inattentive symptoms were related to increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule for ADHD children treated with methylphenidate, and in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus for ADHD children treated with atomoxetine. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom reductions were differentially related to increased fALFF in the methylphenidate group and to decreased fALFF in the atomoxetine group in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri. Prediction analyses in the atomoxetine group revealed negative correlations between pre-treatment CANTAB simple reaction time and fALFF change in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus, and positive correlations between pre-treatment CANTAB simple movement time and fALFF change in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri and left precuneus, with a negative correlation between movement time and the fALFF change in the left lingual gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings suggest differential neurophysiological mechanisms for the treatment effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in children with ADHD.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF PARENTING STYLE WITH COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Dwi Fitri Genisti ◽  
Ni Komang Sukra Andini ◽  
Ni Luh Gede Puspita Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
P Value ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

Background: Child development is a very important phase, which children learn various skills as future generations in the future. Disorders that can impede child development process of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD have problems with cognitive abilities, of which about 20-60% of them have learning disorders. The efforts to support cognitive development in ADHD children is to approach the child's environment through parenting parents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation of parenting style with cognitive development in the children with ADHD in SLB Negeri 1 Denpasar. Methods: This study used correlational design with cross sectional approach. The sample size of 30 respondents were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using parenting style questionnaire (PSQ) and the average value of odd semester report of 2016/2017 academic year. Results:  The result of this research was found that most parents with democratic parenting type were 19 people (63.3%), authoritarian parenting type were 7 people (23.3%) and permissive parenting were 4 people (13.3%). The result of contingency coefficient test with p-value = 0.039 (p <0.05) and correlation value of 0.501, which mean there was high correlation between parenting style with cognitive development in children with ADHD. Conclusion: It is suggested for parents with ADHD children to be able to provide good parenting for the child's development, especially for the child's cognitive development.

scholarly journals The incidence of dysgraphia in Arabic language in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Salah Lotfy ◽  
Mohammed El Sayed Darwish ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Rania Makram Sidhom
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Although children with ADHD made much more spelling errors, they had a distinct pattern of letter insertions, replacements, transpositions, and omissions. This mistake type is sometimes referred to as graphemic buffer errors, and it is caused by a lack of attention required for motor planning. The aim of study was to assess the incidence of dysgraphia in Arabic language in children with ADHD for better helping, diagnosis and management of those children. Results Ten percent of ADHD children had normal handwriting with no disability, 40% had excellent handwriting with a minimum of disability and 50% of ADHD children showed mild to moderate disability. There were significant differences between ADHD children and control children regarding results of each item on the subtest of handwriting of dysgraphia disability scale (DDS), respecting lines, spacing between words, letter direction, spelling a sentence, and punctuation. Drawing affected in ADHD children. The finger tapping speed was affected in almost ADHD children. Conclusions Dysgraphia highly presents in our sample of ADHD children with poor fine motor skills in ADHD children than normal children. ADHD children have illegible handwriting, not respecting lines, insufficient space between and within words, multiple spelling errors, and omissions of letters or words. Graphesthesia and stereognosis are affected more in ADHD children than in control children drawing and finger tapping speed affected in ADHD children.

Post-concussion syndrome and pre-existing mood disorder: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tucker Price ◽  
Alexei O DeCastro ◽  
Clive D Brock
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Sport-related concussions in youth and adolescent athletes most commonly resolve within one week without residual symptoms, with athletes resuming full participation following return to play guidelines. A small percentage of athletes have persistent symptoms that cause significant morbidity, some of whom are ultimately diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. In these athletes, symptoms in the emotional domain can be more prolonged than other domains, with athletes reporting anxiety and depression months to years following injury. A prior personal or family history of pre-existing mood disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder increases the risk of a prolonged duration of symptoms. In this case series, we discuss two cases of post-concussion syndrome in adolescent athletes with a past personal or family history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression treated by a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication with ongoing persistent symptoms. There is increased need for mental health screening in all athletes to identify individuals at risk for post-concussion syndrome. Early identification of at-risk individuals allows the interdisciplinary care team to discuss expectations for the athlete and family regarding duration of symptoms.

scholarly journals Co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children with seizure disorders at University of Gondar referral hospital Ethiopia (2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haregewoin Mulat ◽  
Niguse Yegezaw ◽  
Tewodros Eyasu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder in which a person is unable to control behavior due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli, accompanied by an extremely high level of motor activity. The prevalence is much higher ranging from 8 to 77% among children with seizure disorders than in the general population. When attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presents in children with seizure disorder, it makes the treatment complicated and the prognosis poor. Hence, understanding the magnitude of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated factors would be important to have a policy intention towards these people and to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated factors in children with seizure disorders. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by taking 260 children who have follow ups in the pediatric seizure clinic. The systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. A structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire which included questions on associated factors and standard disruptive behavioral disorder rating scale was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned by using the Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The multivariate binary logistic regression was used to check the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables with significant associations were identified based on adjusted odds ratio, with a 95% CI and p-value of < 0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among epileptic children was found to be 115 (44.2%),with a confidence interval of (38.1–50.5),out of which only 3 (2.6%) were detected as having mental health problems by the clinician. The predominant subtype was inattentive type 96 (61.1%). Factors significantly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were male sex (AOR = 2.70 CI 1.46–4.97), family history of seizure disorder (AOR = 2.42 CI 1.26–4.65), family history of mental illnesses (AOR = 4.14 CI 1.76–9.68), sudden onset of the seizure (AOR = 2.37 CI 1.32–4.27), and uncontrolled seizure (AOR = 2.55 CI 1.41–4.61). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was common among children with seizure disorders in the study area. Male sex, sudden onsets of seizure, family history of seizure, and that of other psychiatric disorders as well as uncontrolled seizures were factors that increased the odds of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, interventions that would address such factors would help to overcome further complications.

scholarly journals Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among individuals with a family history of alcohol use disorders

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Jianguang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of

Recent studies suggest de novo mutations may involve the pathogenesis of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on the evidence that excessive alcohol consumption may be associated with an increased rate of de novo mutations in germ cells (sperms or eggs), we examine here whether the risks of autism and ADHD are increased among individuals with a family history of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of autism and ADHD among individuals with a biological parental history of AUDs were 1.39 (95% CI 1.34–1.44) and 2.19 (95% CI 2.15–2.23), respectively, compared to individuals without an affected parent. Among offspring whose parents were diagnosed with AUDs before their birth, the corresponding risks were 1.46 (95% CI 1.36–1.58) and 2.70 (95% CI 2.59–2.81), respectively. Our study calls for extra surveillance for children with a family history of AUDs, and further studies examining the underlying mechanisms are needed.

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