Translation as a Linguistics Process: A Case Study of the Concept of Equivalence in Translation TL----SL

In this study, the linguistics processes guiding the concept of equivalence in translation of Source Language and Target Language are vividly discussed. When translating from one language to another, it's necessary to decode the source text and look for an acceptable translation in the target language. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the concept Equivalence in Translation to this end. The data used were drawn from some Yoruba lexical words, idioms, proverbs and figurative expressions as well as its English equivalents. According to the most authoritative research in the fields of grammar and sociolinguistics, grammatical analysis is insufficient to explain the nature of language. The results also show that knowledge of a language is a composite of knowledge of a language's structure and usage in a socio-cultural setting.

Video Instructional Strategy on Biology Student’s Academic Performance in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

The study investigated the efficacy of Video Instruction as a teaching strategy on Senior Secondary Schools Biology Students’ academic performance in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The study adopted pretest, post-test, control group quasi–experimental design. Two Intact classes were taught using video instructional strategy as experimental group and another two classes taught using Instructional Diagrams as control group. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Biology Performance Test on Genetics (BPTG) with 25 Objective items was developed and validated. Pilot test was carried out with reliability coefficient of 0.76 obtained, before using it for data collection. The instrument was administered as pre-test and latter reshuffled and administered as post-test. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the experimental group obtained higher mean performance score and no significant difference existed between location and academic performance. It is therefore, recommended that teachers should use video instructional strategy in the teaching and learning of sciences as it promotes internalization of abstract concepts.

Religion and Development: An Exploration of the Basis of Wholistic Education in Universal Basic Education Programme in Nigeria

Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme in Nigeria was launched in 1999, with the goal of providing “free, universal and compulsory basic education for every Nigerian child aged 6-15 years”. The scope of UBE among others include the initiation for the acquisition of functional literacy, numeracy and life skill for adults and special programmes of encouragement to all marginalized groups (girls, women, nomads, out-of-school youth and Quranic students). Religion has been destructively criticized largely due to the sufferings and devastating situations humanity has and is passing through over the years in Nigeria and based on these, religion is seen as being pervasive and it continues to weaken the moral fiber of UBE programme implementation. Therefore, any developmental tool that is effective and can drive home development must be such that is particularly viable in tackling the problems of religion. Thus, in a bid to revitalize a society already bedeviled with various degenerating ills, religious education which is wholistic in nature should become everyone’s focus. This paper described the importance, the curriculum and technique for teaching wholistic religion education for religious tolerance and sustainable development in UBE. The paper concluded that no known religion is devoid of moral and ethical principles and religion is a force which has mostly influenced the character of mankind. This paper maintained that development can be enriched by the insights offered by religion, faith, spirituality and values. Based on these, the paper recommended that religion should be carried along in making policies, the study of moral education should be made compulsory in all categories of learning and the National Orientation Agency should also include it in their plans and school curriculum should be more of reflective thinking.

The Distance Training Application to Improve the Literacy Ability of Mathematical Teacher on Madrasah Tsanawiyah

The pandemic covid-19 and the development of information technology and communication is a resistance and challenge for those who are trained to innovate the training pattern. In practice, the distance training as multimedia based learning becomes an alternative implementation pattern that is widely applied by training institutions. In the implementation of this distance training, literacy skills of the participants are required. This study aims to explain the increase in literacy skills of Madrasah Tsanawiyah mathematics teachers through the application of distance training. This study is a quantitative descriptive study on a sample of mathematics teacher training participants at the Surabaya Religious Education and Training Center in 2021. The research design used a one sample pre test-post test with a test as a data collection technique. Then the data was processed using N-Gain analysis techniques and using t-test's SPSS paired sample test method. The results showed that there was an increase in literacy ability in general by 0.842 (high Gain category) with t-test results at = 0.05, df = 34 of 16, 952 > t table (very significant category). Meanwhile, the literacy ability of mathematical content in the geometry aspect showed an increase of 0.618 (medium gain category) with t-test results at = 0.05, df = 34 of 11,153 > t table (very significant category). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of distance training can improve the literacy skills of Madrasah Tsanawiyah mathematics teachers.

The Application of “Blended Learning-Rigorous Mathematical Thinking” Model to Improve Students’ Spatial Thinking Ability

This research is a quantitative descriptive study that explains the improvement of students' spatial thinking skills after the implementation of the blended learning-rigorous mathematical thinking model, hereinafter referred to as the BL-RMT model. Spatial thinking ability (KBSp) which is measured in this study is related to the mathematics subject in the aspect of geometry. The design of this study used a "Control Group Pretest-Postest Design" with the research sample being class VIII students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Sidoarjo. Data collection uses a test technique with an instrument in the form of questions. Data analysis using normalized Gain test (N-Gain Test) andThe t-test was performed using SPSS Independent samples test. The results showed that in the experimental class the mean value of the KBSp pre test is 68.5593 dan the average test post is 83.5593. Tthere is an increase in the average value of 15 digits and if calculated based on the N-Gain formula, a score of 0.477 is obtained in the medium Gain category. While in the control class, the mean of pre-test KBSp was 67.2581 and the mean of post-test was 75.5161. There isan increase in the average value of 8.258 and if calculated based on the N-gain formula, a score of 0.252 is obtained in the low category. Furthermore, based on the results of the t-test on the KBSp pre-test value, the result was 0.375 with a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.708 > 0.05 ortcount < t table for = 0.05, meaning that there is no difference between the pre-test scores of the experimental class and the control class or the two groups are homogeneous.

Psychosocial Effect of Motivational Incentives on Senior Secondary Schools Teachers’ Work Effectiveness in Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study investigated the psychosocial effect of motivational incentives on Senior Secondary Schools teachers’ work effectiveness in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The population of this study consisted of 162 school administrators and 74 teachers selected from 58 Government owned Senior Secondary Schools in Adamawa State, from a which a sample of 40 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. Motivational Incentives and Teachers’ Effectiveness Questionnaire (MITEQ) was used for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that there is lack of service improvement, seminars, and inadequate provision of teaching and learning materials. Teachers are always internally motivated, inconsistent performance evaluation, promotions are not awarded as at when due, and issuance of query letters at slightest provocations by principals. The also revealed that, motivation is the backbone of effective service delivery. This study also revealed that motivational incentive has significant effect on teachers’ work effectiveness and that there is no significant difference between male and female teachers’ reaction and response to motivational incentives. No significant difference was found between different types of motivation incentives and their effect on senior secondary school teachers’ work effectiveness in Adamawa State. The study recommended others that the government as a matter of urgency The study recommends the provision of regular performance enhancement seminars for teachers, adequate provision of teaching and learning materials, prompt payment of teachers’ salary and other monetary incentives and teachers should be internally motivated on the job. For the incentive to have the intended impact on teachers the study recommend that it should be awarded only to those teachers who actually exhibit the intended behaviours and such incentives should be distributed based on collaborative performance rather than on individual performance.

Online learning - Global Challenges and Opportunities for Students in Higher Education amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Libyan Context

The spread of COVID-19 has had psychological effects on higher education students globally reflected in high level of anxiety associated with worries of failing to complete their studies (Holmes et al., 2020; Sawahhel, 2020). Due to COVID-19 all universities in Libya were closed for ten months causing a massive impact and leaving about quarter a million students without education. However, during this period some universities took preventive measures and maintained functioning from a distance. An attempt was made in this study to explore higher education students’ attitudes toward online learning and appreciate more the advantages and challenges associated with online learning. Of the 100 questionnaires sent out to university students, 58 responded back of whom 40 undergraduate and the remaining postgraduate students. The results of this study suggested that students are more interested in conventional way of learning in favour of face-to-face communication with tutors and peers as opposed to remote learning. For online learning to be successful in Libya, universities ought to upgrade their educational mode of delivery making the learning contents and assessment more desirable and responsive to the needs of the changing times. Furthermore, students must be technically and financially supported with unlimited access to internet.

Character Education Value Content in a Collection of Short Stories Compass 2018 Doa yang Terapung

Character education can be instilled in various ways. One of them is through literature. Literature itself is very diverse until now. Among young people, one of the works that have a lot of interest is short stories (short stories), because a short story contains interesting stories to read. In addition, the work also contains a message about positive things. This study aims to describe the value of character education in the collection of short stories Compass 2018 Doa Yang Terapung. Research is included in qualitative research. The method in this study uses descriptive qualitative. The data source in this study is a collection of short stories from Compass 2018 Doa Yang Terapung. Data collection in this study was carried out by reading and understanding short stories and recording data containing the value of character education in the 2018 Compass short story collection Doa Yang Terapung. Data analysis in this study uses the Miles and Huberman flow model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of this study indicate the values of character education in the 2018 Kompas short story collection Doa Yang Terapung, among others a) the value of religious character education (the value of religious character praying to God, the value of religious character accepting destiny, the value of religious character believing & surrendering to God's destiny; b) the value of nationalist character education (the value of nationalist character, the spirit of heroism, the value of nationalist character). willing to sacrifice for his family, and c) the value of independent character education (character values of a good work ethic, professional character values, creative character values).

Ecolinguistics in the Grain Lexicon of Mandailing Language

The research discusses the study of ecolinguistics in the grain lexicon of the Mandailing language. The purpose of this study was to describe the grain lexicon in the Mandailing community. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an ecolinguistic approach. This research conducted inManisak Village, Batang Natal District, Madina Regency (Mandailing Natal). The subjects of this study were native speakers of the Mandailing language in Manisak village. The source of this research data is grain speech in the Mandailing community. The data collection technique was carried out by the listening method which began with observation and interviews. The results of this study are first, the acquisition of the grain lexicon found in the Mandailing community in the form of words and phrases. Second, the resulting lexicon refers to three classifications, namely lexicon related to activities or ways of working (verb), lexicon related to material (noun) and lexicon related to nature (ejective).

The Utilization of Colonial Historical Sites in the City of Palembang as a Learning Resource Based on Outdoor Learning

The activeness of all students’ senses can occur if students participate actively in learning activities. One of the learning activities that are able to actively involve students is by the way of outdoor learning. Research sub-focus: Cultural Heritage and Colonial Historical Sites. The formulation of the problem in this study: Historical value in the colonial period sites in the city of Palembang. The purpose of this research is to provide resource that can be used in learning History in High School. The benefit of this research is the availability of source and references for writing the history of the colonial period in Palembang. This research used history (historical) method, assisted by scientific approach from various fields (multi-approach) such as theological, political, anthropological and sociological sciences. The results of the research on colonial historical sites in the city of Palembang contain as a source of learning based on outdoor learning in high school.