scholarly journals Long-term effects of stimulant treatment on ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, and cognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizanne Schweren ◽  
Pieter Hoekstra ◽  
Marloes van Lieshout ◽  
Jaap Oosterlaan ◽  
Nanda Lambregts-Rommelse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Social Emotional Functioning

AbstractBackgroundMethodological and ethical constraints have hampered studies into long-term lasting outcomes of stimulant treatment in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lasting effects may be beneficial (i.e. improved functioning even when treatment is temporarily ceased) or detrimental (i.e. worse functioning while off medication), but both hypotheses currently lack empirical support. Here we investigate whether stimulant treatment history predicts long-term development of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning or cognition, measured after medication wash-out.MethodsADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning and cognitive test performance were measured twice, 6 years apart, in two ADHD groups (stimulant-treated versus not stimulant-treated between baseline and follow-up). Groups were closely matched on baseline clinical and demographic variables (n = 148, 58% male, age = 11.1). A matched healthy control group was included for reference.ResultsAll but two outcome measures (emotional problems and prosocial behaviour) improved between baseline and follow-up. Improvement over time in the stimulant-treated group did not differ from improvement in the not stimulant-treated group on any outcome measure.ConclusionsStimulant treatment is not associated with the long-term developmental course of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, motor control, timing or verbal working memory. Adolescence is characterised by clinical improvement regardless of stimulant treatment during that time. These findings are an important source to inform the scientific and public debate.

scholarly journals A Prospective 30-Year Follow-Up of ADHD Associated With Perinatal Risks

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Tervo ◽  
Katarina Michelsson ◽  
Jyrki Launes ◽  
Laura Hokkanen
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Adult Outcome ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Motor Perception ◽  
Perinatal Risks

Objective: Longitudinal follow-up of ADHD suggests a poorer outcome in those affected. Studies extending to 30 years however are rare. We investigated the adult outcome of ADHD associated with perinatal risks (PRs), treated non-pharmacologically. Method: A study group of 122 participants (86 men, 36 women) with PR-associated ADHD was followed-up from birth and compared with a control group also prospectively studied. Results: The study group showed more cognitive, motor perception, and learning impairments as well as psychiatric problems at ages 5, 9, and 16. At age 30, the study group reported less education, more involuntary job dismissals and more alcohol abuse. Self-reported ADHD symptoms were still prevalent in adulthood. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms persist and impair the long-term educational, occupational, and psychiatric outcome. ADHD in participants with PR appears to follow a course seen in studies of unselected ADHD.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in decompensated liver cirrhosis: a long-term follow-up analysis of the randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Shi ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
Ruo-Nan Xu ◽  
Fan-Ping Meng ◽  
Shuang-Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion was reported to improve liver function in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC); however, whether the medication can improve outcome of these patients is poorly understood. Methods This prospective, open-labeled, randomized controlled study enrolled 219 patients with HBV-related DLC who were divided into control group (n = 111) and umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC)-treated group (n = 108), then all of them received a follow-up check from October 2010 to October 2017. The treated patients received three times of UC-MSC infusions at 4-week intervals plus conventional treatment that was only used for control group. The overall survival rate and HCC-free survival rate were calculated as primary endpoints and the liver function and adverse events associated with the medication were also evaluated. Results During the follow-up check period from 13 to 75th months, there was a significantly higher overall survival rate in the treated group than the control group, while the difference of the hepatocellular carcinoma event-free survival rate between the treated and control groups was not observed during the 75-month follow-up. UC-MSC treatment markedly improved liver function, as indicated by the levels of serum albumin, prothrombin activity, cholinesterase, and total bilirubin during 48 weeks of follow-up. No significant side effects or treatment-related complications were observed in the UC-MSC group. Conclusions Therapy of UC-MSC is not only well tolerated, but also significantly improves long-term survival rate, as well as the liver function in patients with HBV-related DLC. UC-MSC medication, therefore, might present a novel therapeutic approach for the disease. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Long-Term Follow-up Analysis of the Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Shi ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
Ruo-Nan Xu ◽  
Fan-Ping Meng ◽  
Shuang-Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) infusion was reported to improve liver function in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), however, whether the medication can improve outcome of these patients is poorly understand.MethodsThis prospective, open-labeled, randomized controlled study enrolled 219 patients with HBV-related DLC who were divided into control group (n=111) and umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) treated group (n=108), then all of them received a follow-up check from October 2010 to October 2017. The treated patients received three times of UC-MSC infusions at 4-week intervals plus conventional treatment that was only used for control group. The overall survival rate and HCC-free survial rate were calculated as primary endpoints and the liver function and adverse events associated with the medication were also evaluated.ResultsDuring the follow-up check period from 13th to 75th months, there was a significantly higher overall survival rate in the treated group than the control group, while the difference of the hepatocellular carcinoma event-free survival rate between the treated and control groups was not observed during the 75-month follow-up. UC-MSC treatment markedly improved liver function, as indicated by the levels of serum albumin, prothrombin activity, cholinesterase, and total bilirubin during 48 weeks of follow-up. No significant side effects or treatment-related complications were observed in the UC-MSC group.ConclusionsTherapy of UC-MSC is not only well tolerated, but also significantly improves long-term survival rate, as well as the liver function in patients with DLC. UC-MSC medication, therefore, might present a novel therapeutic approach for the disease.

Long Term Follow-up of Agoraphobics Treated by Brief Intensive Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Evans ◽  
Craig Holt ◽  
Tian P.S. Oei
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Intensive Group

This study reports the long term efficacy of a brief intensive (2 days) group cognitive behavioural programme for the treatment of agoraphobia with panic attacks. A total of 97 patients was included in the study. Seventy-four patients were in the treated group and 23 were on the waiting list control group. The Fear Questionnaire (FQ), Fear Survey Schedule (FSS), Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI), the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and a clinical assessment based on structured interview to assess current levels of functioning were used as dependent measures. The results show that patients in the treated group show significant improvement on FSS and FQ when compared with the patients in the control group. Clinical rating shows that 85% of the patients were either symptom free or their symptoms had been reduced and these effects of treatment were shown to be maintained at follow-up which was on average 1 year after the treatment.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term evaluation of mandibular dental arch dimensional changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetana Raucci ◽  
Camila Pachêco-Pereira ◽  
Maryam Elyasi ◽  
Fabrizia d’Apuzzo ◽  
Carlos Flores-Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Lip Bumper

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate short- and long-term mandibular dental arch changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during the mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances, compared with a matched control sample. Materials and Methods:  Dental casts and lateral cephalograms obtained from 31 consecutively treated patients before (T0) and after (T1) lip bumper, after fixed appliances (T2), and a minimum of 3 years after fixed appliances (T3) were analyzed. The control group was matched as closely as possible. Arch width, arch perimeter, arch length, and incisor proclination were evaluated. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze changes in measurements over all four time points between treatment and control groups. Results:  Arch widths and crowding were always significantly different except at T2−T1. At T1−T0, only crowding decreased 3.2 mm while intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths increased by 3.8, 3.3, and 3.9 mm, respectively. Changes at T3−T2 showed a significant decrease of 2.1 mm for crowding and an increase of 3.5, 2.9, 2.7, and 0.8 mm for intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths and arch perimeter, respectively. Finally, at T3−T0, the reduction in crowding of 5.03 mm was significant and clinically important in the treated group. The differences between intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were also significant (2.1, 3.8, and 3.6 mm, respectively). All those differences favored the treated group. Conclusions:  Mandibular dental arch dimensions were significantly changed after lip bumper treatment. At follow-up, all arch widths were slightly decreased, generating an increase of 0.4 mm in crowding, considered clinically irrelevant. Overall changes remained stable after an average 6.3-year follow-up.

scholarly journals One repeated transplantation of allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in type 1 diabetes: an open parallel controlled clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Shan-mei Shen ◽  
Qing Ling ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Li-rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Juvenile Onset ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Background The preservation or restoration of β cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains as an attractive and challengeable therapeutic target. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with high capacity of immunoregulation, which emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for many immune disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of one repeated transplantation of allogeneic MSCs in individuals with T1D. Methods This was a nonrandomized, open-label, parallel-armed prospective study. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord (UC) of healthy donors. Fifty-three participants including 33 adult-onset (≥ 18 years) and 20 juvenile-onset T1D were enrolled. Twenty-seven subjects (MSC-treated group) received an initial systemic infusion of allogeneic UC-MSCs, followed by a repeat course at 3 months, whereas the control group (n = 26) only received standard care based on intensive insulin therapy. Data at 1-year follow-up was reported in this study. The primary endpoint was clinical remission defined as a 10% increase from baseline in the level of fasting and/or postprandial C-peptide. The secondary endpoints included side effects, serum levels of HbA1c, changes in fasting and postprandial C-peptide, and daily insulin doses. Results After 1-year follow-up, 40.7% subjects in MSC-treated group achieved the primary endpoint, significantly higher than that in the control arm. Three subjects in MSC-treated group, in contrast to none in control group, achieved insulin independence and maintained insulin free for 3 to 12 months. Among the adult-onset T1D, the percent change of postprandial C-peptide was significantly increased in MSC-treated group than in the control group. However, changes in fasting or postprandial C-peptide were not significantly different between groups among the juvenile-onset T1D. Multivariable logistic regression assay indicated that lower fasting C-peptide and higher dose of UC-MSC correlated with achievement of clinical remission after transplantation. No severe side effects were observed. Conclusion One repeated intravenous dose of allogeneic UC-MSCs is safe in people with recent-onset T1D and may result in better islet β cell preservation during the first year after diagnosis compared to standard treatment alone. Trial registration ChiCTR2100045434. Registered on April 15, 2021—retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/

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