Motor abnormalities and basal ganglia in first-episode psychosis (FEP)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Cuesta ◽  
Pablo Lecumberri ◽  
Lucia Moreno-Izco ◽  
Jose M. López-Ilundain ◽  
María Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Iron Load ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Extrapyramidal Signs ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

Abstract Background Motor abnormalities (MAs) are the primary manifestations of schizophrenia. However, the extent to which MAs are related to alterations of subcortical structures remains understudied. Methods We aimed to investigate the associations of MAs and basal ganglia abnormalities in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 48 right-handed FEP and 23 age-, gender-, handedness-, and educational attainment-matched controls, to obtain basal ganglia shape analysis, diffusion tensor imaging techniques (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), and relaxometry (R2*) to estimate iron load. A comprehensive motor battery was applied including the assessment of parkinsonism, catatonic signs, and neurological soft signs (NSS). A fully automated model-based segmentation algorithm on 1.5T MRI anatomical images and accurate corregistration of diffusion and T2* volumes and R2* was used. Results FEP patients showed significant local atrophic changes in left globus pallidus nucleus regarding controls. Hypertrophic changes in left-side caudate were associated with higher scores in sensory integration, and in right accumbens with tremor subscale. FEP patients showed lower fractional anisotropy measures than controls but no significant differences regarding mean diffusivity and iron load of basal ganglia. However, iron load in left basal ganglia and right accumbens correlated significantly with higher extrapyramidal and motor coordination signs in FEP patients. Conclusions Taken together, iron load in left basal ganglia may have a role in the emergence of extrapyramidal signs and NSS of FEP patients and in consequence in the pathophysiology of psychosis.

The effect of second-generation antipsychotics on basal ganglia and thalamus in first-episode psychosis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1408-1418
Author(s):  
Auria Albacete ◽  
Carolina Makowski ◽  
M. Mallar Chakravarty ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
Ashok K. Malla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Brain structural abnormalities in first episode psychosis: A multimodal analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 950-950
Author(s):  
S. Rigucci ◽  
A. Comparelli ◽  
A. De Carolis ◽  
M.C. Rossi-Espagnet ◽  
E. Ambrosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Episode Psychosis

IntroductionWhite matter abnormalities play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies showed a widespread decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) in psychotic disorders.AimsTo examine white and grey matter abnormalities in first episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsWe obtained T1-weighted and DTI magnetic resonance images (1.5 T) from 8 right-handed drug-naïve FEP patients and 8 healthy controls. The DTI data set was used to calculate FA maps; we carried-out optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of grey matter (GM) and FA maps using SPM2.Patients were assessed with a neuropsychological battery comprising the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Colour Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and a test of Facial Affect recognition.ResultsThe voxelwise analysis showed decreased FA in the superior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi, bilaterally, and in the left uncinate fasciculus. We observed reduced GM volume in the left frontal cortex (Brodmann areas [BA] 47, 13, 11, 10, and 9) and in right frontal (BA6), temporal (BA34) and occipital (BA 18, 19, and 30) cortex.Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired executive function and deficit in facial affect recognition.ConclusionOur findings showed fronto-temporal disconnectivity in FEP and structural alterations in both cortical and subcortical regions.Neuroanatomical findings are consistent with patients’ neuropsychological performance.Further studies to establish a relationship between white and grey matter disarray on one hand and neuropsychological testing are needed.

State-dependent microstructural white matter changes in drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (15) ◽  
pp. 2613-2627 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Serpa ◽  
J. Doshi ◽  
G. Erus ◽  
T. M. Chaim-Avancini ◽  
M. Cavallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Sustained Remission ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in schizophrenia. Whether or not such alterations could vary depending on clinical status (i.e. acute psychosis v. remission) remains to be investigated.MethodsTwenty-five treatment-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 51 healthy-controls (HC) underwent MRI scanning at baseline. Twenty-one patients were re-scanned as soon as they achieved sustained remission of symptoms; 36 HC were also scanned twice. Rate-of-change maps of longitudinal DTI changes were calculated for in order to examine WM alterations associated with changes in clinical status. We conducted voxelwise analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA) and trace (TR) maps.ResultsAt baseline, FEP presented reductions of FA in comparison with HC [p < 0.05, false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected] affecting fronto-limbic WM and associative, projective and commissural fasciculi. After symptom remission, patients showed FA increase over time (p < 0.001, uncorrected) in some of the above WM tracts, namely the right anterior thalamic radiation, right uncinate fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus/inferior longitudinal fasciculus. We also found significant correlations between reductions in PANSS scores and FA increases over time (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected).ConclusionsWM changes affecting brain tracts critical to the integration of perceptual information, cognition and emotions are detectable soon after the onset of FEP and may partially reverse in direct relation to the remission of acute psychotic symptoms. Our findings reinforce the view that WM abnormalities in brain tracts are a key neurobiological feature of acute psychotic disorders, and recovery from such WM pathology can lead to amelioration of symptoms.

Motor abnormalities in first-episode psychosis patients and long-term psychosocial functioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Cuesta ◽  
Elena García de Jalón ◽  
M. Sol Campos ◽  
Lucía Moreno-Izco ◽  
Ruth Lorente-Omeñaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

White matter defects in first episode psychosis patients: A voxelwise analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

NeuroImage ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Pérez-Iglesias ◽  
Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez ◽  
Gareth J. Barker ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
Roberto Roiz-Santiañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Parkinsonism and basal ganglia volumes in first-episode psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S87
Author(s):  
M.J. Cuesta ◽  
A.M. Sánchez-Torres ◽  
T. Cabada ◽  
P. Lecumberri ◽  
R. Lorente-Omeñaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Motor Abnormalities ◽  
Early Phases

IntroductionParkinsonian motor signs are the most frequent of the genuine motor abnormalities present in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia, and are also present in patients with a first-episode of psychosis (FEP).ObjectiveTo study whether there are differences in basal ganglia volumes depending on the presence of Parkinsonism in FEP.MethodsForty-six patients with a FEP were included in the study. Twenty-three controls were included to normalise patients’ brain volume data. Parkinsonism was assessed with the UKU scale. Brain volumes were obtained with MRI (1.5 Tesla Siemens Avanto). Reconstruction and volumetric segmentation was made with the Freesurfer© software (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/). Patients were divided into two groups, considering the presence/absence of Parkinsonism (UKU total score cutoff point = 4). Patients have been treated with antipsychotics a mean of less than 2 months. There were not significant differences in the total exposure to antipsychotics between both groups. ANCOVAS were performed including gender as covariate.ResultsPatients with Parkinsonism showed a trend towards significance to exhibit reduced volumes in the left caudate and right putamen (Fig. 1).ConclusionsFEP patients who exhibit Parkinsonian signs tend to show reduced left caudate and right putamen volumes in the early phases of psychotic illness, after correcting by gender.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Diffusion tensor imaging in male first-episode psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e122-e123
Author(s):  
Txus Carrillo ◽  
Rafael Fernández García-Andrade ◽  
Marina Francisca Díaz Marsá ◽  
Kazuhiro Tajima ◽  
José Luis Carrasco Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Thalamic dopamine D2-receptor availability in schizophrenia: a study on antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis and a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Plavén-Sigray ◽  
Pauliina Ikonen Victorsson ◽  
Alexander Santillo ◽  
Granville J. Matheson ◽  
Maria Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Episode Psychosis

AbstractPharmacological and genetic evidence support a role for an involvement of the dopamine D2-receptor (D2-R) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous molecular imaging studies have suggested lower levels of D2-R in thalamus, but results are inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to use improved methodology to compare D2-R density in whole thalamus and thalamic subregions between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls. Differences in thalamocortical connectivity was explored based on the D2-R results. 19 antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis patients and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were examined using high-resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [11C]FLB457. The main outcome was D2-R binding potential (BPND) in thalamus, and it was predicted that patients would have lower binding. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in a subgroup of 11 patients and 15 controls. D2-R binding in whole thalamus was lower in patients compared with controls (Cohen’s dz = −0.479, p = 0.026, Bayes Factor (BF) > 4). Among subregions, lower BPND was observed in the ROI representing thalamic connectivity to the frontal cortex (Cohen’s dz = −0.527, p = 0.017, BF > 6). A meta-analysis, including the sample of this study, confirmed significantly lower thalamic D2-R availability in patients. Exploratory analyses suggested that patients had lower fractional anisotropy values compared with controls (Cohen’s d = −0.692, p = 0.036) in the inferior thalamic radiation. The findings support the hypothesis of a dysregulation of thalamic dopaminergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia, and it is hypothesized that this could underlie a disturbance of thalamocortical connectivity.

FC07-03 - Neurological soft signs and morphological changes of basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with first-episode psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1848-1848
Author(s):  
D. Hirjak ◽  
B. Stieltjes ◽  
K.H. Fritzsche ◽  
T. Wüstenberg ◽  
U. Seidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

ObjectivesMinor motor and sensory deficits or neurological soft signs (NSS) are frequently found in individuals suffering from schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. The basal ganglia and the thalamus are accepted as being important for both motor control and integration of sensory input. However, whether NSS are related to structural alterations of these brain regions remains controversial.Method20 patients with a first-episode psychosis were investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg Scale after remission of acute symptoms and correlated with volume and shape of striatum, pallidum and thalamus by using sophisticated MRI analyses, namely VBM-DARTEL (volume) and FSL-FIRST (shape).Results NSS scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly associated with volumetric changes and surface alterations in all investigated areas. Associations remained significant when controlling for age, gender, education, medication and intracranial volume.ConclusionOur findings lend further support for an involvement of the basal ganglia and the thalamus in NSS.

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